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Kesan mikroorganisma ke atas kehidupan

Mikroorganisma Ciri – ciri
Virus
Cth :- virus influenza , virus herpes
Mkrorganisma terkecil
-hanya boleh dilihat melalui
mikroskop elektron
-mempunyai DNA / RNA &
selaput luar berprotein (kapsid)
-tidak mempunyai sitoplasma,tiada
organel bermembran dan tiada
membran plasma.
-Adalah PARASIT dan hanya
membiak di dalam perumah
HIDUP.
1.Aktiviti mikro organisma dipengaruhi oleh faktor abiosis iaitu :-
-suhu
-pH
-keamatan cahaya
-kepekatan nutrien
-pelbagai jenis nutrien

Mikroorganisma Ciri - ciri
Bakteria. -Unisel,berbentuk
sfera(kokus),rod(basilus),berpilin(s
pirilum)/koma(vibrio)
-tidak mempunyai organel bersalut
membran
-bahan genetik adalah satu
gegelung DNA di dalam
sitoplasma.
-Bakteria membiak secara aseks
melalui PEMBELAHAN DEDUA
apabila keadaan sesuai;suhu
optimum,nutrien dan air yang
mencukupi.
-membentuk spora dalam keadaan
yg x sesuai
Protozoa -organisma unisel,x mempunyai
organisasi sel.
-bergerak dengan menggunakan
pseudopodium,flagela / silia.

Mikroorganisma Ciri - ciri
Alga
Cth :- pleurococcus,spirogyra
-unisel,berfilamen atau multisel
-fotoautotrof,mengandungi
kloroplas,dinding sel berselulosa.
-badan tidak berbeza dengan
batang,daun / akar
-contohnya
:-klorela,chlamydomonas dan lain2
Kulat
Cth :- sel yis dan rhizopus
-fungi adalah heterotrof,hidup sbg
saprofit,parasit / membentuk
interaksi MUTUALISME dengan
organisma lain
-badan terdiri drpd Hifa
-tidak mempunyai klorofil.

 -Mikroorganisma mempunyai peranan penting
dalam:
 -pereputan
 -kitar geokimia(kitar karbon,kitar nitrogen)
 -pencernaan selulosa dlm anai2 & ruminan
 -penghasilan vitaamin tertentu dalam kolon
manusia.
peranan berfaedah mikroorganisma:

 Seperti :-
 -p’hasilan antibiotik,vaksin & hormon
 -peembersihan tumpahan minyak
 -rawatan kumbahan
 -pemprosesan makanan
 -pembuatan bioplastik
 -penghasilan tenaga daripada biojisim
Penggunaan mikroorganisma dalam
bioteknologi:-

 1.menyebabkan penyakit , serta kerosakan makanan
dan bahan.
 Patogen. :- mikroorganisma yg MENYERANG
perumah hidup dan menyebabkan penyakit.
 2.Cara-cara penyakit boleh merebak:
 -udara
 -air
 -makanan tercemar
 Sentuhan langsung & vektor haiwan
Kesan berbahaya
mikroorganisma

 3.Cara-cara mencegah:-
 -pengunaan antiseptik
 -vaksin
 -antibiotik
 -disinfektan

Patogen penyakit
virus Demam denggi
Virus kurg daya tahan
manusia(HIV)
AIDS
Kulat Tinea Pedis Kurap pada Kaki
Protozoa Plasmodium Mlalaria
Contoh-contoh patogen & penyakit.

Thank you

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Biology form 4

  • 1. Kesan mikroorganisma ke atas kehidupan
  • 2.  Mikroorganisma Ciri – ciri Virus Cth :- virus influenza , virus herpes Mkrorganisma terkecil -hanya boleh dilihat melalui mikroskop elektron -mempunyai DNA / RNA & selaput luar berprotein (kapsid) -tidak mempunyai sitoplasma,tiada organel bermembran dan tiada membran plasma. -Adalah PARASIT dan hanya membiak di dalam perumah HIDUP. 1.Aktiviti mikro organisma dipengaruhi oleh faktor abiosis iaitu :- -suhu -pH -keamatan cahaya -kepekatan nutrien -pelbagai jenis nutrien
  • 3.  Mikroorganisma Ciri - ciri Bakteria. -Unisel,berbentuk sfera(kokus),rod(basilus),berpilin(s pirilum)/koma(vibrio) -tidak mempunyai organel bersalut membran -bahan genetik adalah satu gegelung DNA di dalam sitoplasma. -Bakteria membiak secara aseks melalui PEMBELAHAN DEDUA apabila keadaan sesuai;suhu optimum,nutrien dan air yang mencukupi. -membentuk spora dalam keadaan yg x sesuai Protozoa -organisma unisel,x mempunyai organisasi sel. -bergerak dengan menggunakan pseudopodium,flagela / silia.
  • 4.  Mikroorganisma Ciri - ciri Alga Cth :- pleurococcus,spirogyra -unisel,berfilamen atau multisel -fotoautotrof,mengandungi kloroplas,dinding sel berselulosa. -badan tidak berbeza dengan batang,daun / akar -contohnya :-klorela,chlamydomonas dan lain2 Kulat Cth :- sel yis dan rhizopus -fungi adalah heterotrof,hidup sbg saprofit,parasit / membentuk interaksi MUTUALISME dengan organisma lain -badan terdiri drpd Hifa -tidak mempunyai klorofil.
  • 5.   -Mikroorganisma mempunyai peranan penting dalam:  -pereputan  -kitar geokimia(kitar karbon,kitar nitrogen)  -pencernaan selulosa dlm anai2 & ruminan  -penghasilan vitaamin tertentu dalam kolon manusia. peranan berfaedah mikroorganisma:
  • 6.   Seperti :-  -p’hasilan antibiotik,vaksin & hormon  -peembersihan tumpahan minyak  -rawatan kumbahan  -pemprosesan makanan  -pembuatan bioplastik  -penghasilan tenaga daripada biojisim Penggunaan mikroorganisma dalam bioteknologi:-
  • 7.   1.menyebabkan penyakit , serta kerosakan makanan dan bahan.  Patogen. :- mikroorganisma yg MENYERANG perumah hidup dan menyebabkan penyakit.  2.Cara-cara penyakit boleh merebak:  -udara  -air  -makanan tercemar  Sentuhan langsung & vektor haiwan Kesan berbahaya mikroorganisma
  • 8.   3.Cara-cara mencegah:-  -pengunaan antiseptik  -vaksin  -antibiotik  -disinfektan
  • 9.  Patogen penyakit virus Demam denggi Virus kurg daya tahan manusia(HIV) AIDS Kulat Tinea Pedis Kurap pada Kaki Protozoa Plasmodium Mlalaria Contoh-contoh patogen & penyakit.