A presentation on the case of Billy Milligan, who was free from all criminal charges on the grounds of insanity. Please do like and share, if you found this interesting!

4. In the Many
Minds of
Billy Milligan
The Insanity Defence Case

5. Contents
Billy
Milligan
Multiple
Personality
Disorder
Crime Court Case
Verdict
Insanity
Defense
Personalities Influences

6. BILLY MILLIGAN
His Story or Theirs?

7. ■ William Stanley Milligan (February 14, 1955 –
December 12, 2014), known as Billy Milligan, was an
American citizen who was the subject of a highly
publicized court case in Ohio in the late 1970s.
■ Committed several felonies including armed robbery, he
was arrested for three rapes on the campus of the Ohio
State University.
■ In the course of preparing his
defence, psychologists diagnosed Milligan with multiple
personality disorder.

8. ■ Milligan's mother, Dorothy Milligan, grew up
in Ohio farm country, and lived in Circleville, with her
husband.
■ They divorced, and she eventually moved to the Miami,
Florida area, where she worked as a singer.
■ There she began living with Johnny Morrison,
a comedian who was still unmarried.
■ They had 3 children together, and the burden was too
much for Johnny, he started suffering from depression
and alcoholism
■ He committed suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning,
when Milligan was 4 years old.

9. ■ Dorothy took her children and returning to Circleville,
Ohio, where she remarried her ex-husband.
■ This marriage lasted about a year
■ In 1962, she met Chalmer Milligan, who’s first wife
Bernice divorced him on "grounds of gross neglect".
■ Dorothy and Chalmer married in Circleville, Ohio on
October 27, 1963.
■ Chalmer was blamed for abusing Billy.

10. ■ According to psychiatric reports based on Billy
Milligan's memory, his stepfather repeatedly sodomized
him and tortured him by burying him alive and
hanging him by his toes and fingers.
■ Chalmer Milligan denied all of those allegations, and
he was never charged.
■ The abuse caused Milligan's personality to splinter,
psychiatrists said, and from that point on, he ran into
trouble almost everywhere.

11. MULTIPLE
PERSONALITY
DISORDER
Reality or Fantasy?

12. ■ Dissociative identity disorder (DID)/multiple personality
disorder (MPD), is a mental disorder characterized by
– at least two distinct and relatively enduring
identities or dissociated personality states that
alternately show in a person's behaviour,
– accompanied by memory impairment for important
information not explained by ordinary forgetfulness.
■ These symptoms are not accounted for by substance abuse,
seizures, other medical conditions, nor by imaginative play
in children
■ Diagnosis is often difficult as there is
considerable comorbidity with other mental disorders.

13. ■ DID is one of the most controversial psychiatric disorders,
with no clear consensus on diagnostic criteria or treatment
■ Research on treatment efficacy has been concerned
primarily with clinical approaches and case studies.
■ Dissociative symptoms range from common lapses in
attention, becoming distracted by something else, and
daydreaming, to pathological dissociative disorders.
■ It is not the same as schizophrenia.
■ DID is also controversial within the legal system, where it
has been used as a rarely successful form of the insanity
defence.
■ The 1990s showed a parallel increase in the number of
court cases involving the diagnosis.

14. ■ Dissociative disorders including DID have been attributed
to disruptions in memory caused by trauma and other
forms of stress, but research on this hypothesis has been
characterized by poor methodology
■ Although neither epidemiological surveys nor longitudinal
studies have been conducted, it is generally believed that
DID rarely resolves spontaneously.
■ Symptoms are said to vary over time.
■ DID became a popular diagnosis in the 1970s, 80s and 90s,
but it is unclear if the actual rate of the disorder increased,
if it was more recognized by health care providers, or if
sociocultural factors caused an increase in therapy-induced
(iatrogenic) presentations.

15. CRIMES
His mistakes or Theirs?

16. ■ Milligan was suspended from junior high school
because he went into trances and wandered around
Lancaster.
■ His parents committed him to a state mental hospital
on the Hilltop in Columbus where hysterical neurosis
was diagnosed.
■ The hospital kicked him out three months later because
his behaviour was too disruptive.
■ His high School expelled him in 1972, and he joined the
Navy.
■ The Navy discharged him a month later because he
couldn't adapt to Navy life.

17. ■ A judge found Milligan guilty of accused rape, and
Milligan served six months in a Zanesville youth camp.
■ After his release, his personalities began working as a
security guard for a drug and gun dealer
■ In late 1974, two cross-dressing men approached
Milligan at a rest stop. He beat them up and took their
purses
■ He helped plan a Lancaster drugstore robbery in early
1975
■ 2 years later, the campus-area rapes started.

18. ARREST
Fair or Unfair?

19. ■ In 1975, Milligan was imprisoned at Lebanon
Correctional Institution in Ohio, for rape and armed
robbery.
■ He was also forced to register as a sex offender.
■ In October 1977, Milligan was arrested for raping three
women on the Ohio State University campus.
■ He was indicted on "[...] three counts of kidnapping,
three counts of aggravated robbery and four counts of
rape"

20. ■ In the course of preparing his defence, he underwent
a psychological examination by Dr. Willis C. Driscoll,
who diagnosed Milligan with acute schizophrenia.
■ He was then examined by psychologist Dorothy Turner
of Southwest Community Mental Health Centre
in Columbus, Ohio.
■ During this examination, Turner concluded that
Milligan suffered from multiple personality disorder.
■ One of the victims said that he was quite nice and that
he acted like a 3-year-old girl.

21. CASE
A good actor or just really insane?

22. ■ For the trial of a man accused as the locally notorious
“university rapist, the proceedings were low-key.
■ It was a trial by stipulation, with written statements
read uncontested by both sides.
■ Attorneys read the statements in dry, sometimes
almost inaudible voices.
■ The prosecution didn’t contest the plea of insanity.
■ The defence didn’t deny that Milligan committed three
of the four rapes he was charged with.

23. ■ What the defence argued was that Milligan is not an
ordinary rapist/robber/kidnapper.
■ The contention of the defence, unchallenged by the
prosecution, was that the real Bill Milligan, called an
artistically talented man with the I.Q. of a genius, had not
been present during the crimes.
■ Instead, according to the testimony of psychiatrists,
Milligan had been “asleep” for most of the last seven years,
and the crimes actually had been committed by two other
personalities who sometimes “take over and use his body.”
■ Legally, Milligan could be set free—after some required
conditions have been met—if, in the future, psychiatrists
judge him to be sane.

24. VERDICT
Not everyone was pleased

25. ■ Billy Milligan is the first person to avoid jail for
robberies and rapes thanks to his multiple personality
disorder on insanity defence
■ Eventually acquitted due to insanity, he was sent to the
Athens Mental Health Centre to recover by fusing all
his personalities into one.
■ He had to visit different centres, as no singe one was
able to keep him under control
■ Released in 1988, Billy Milligan became free from
supervision in 1991.

26. ■ He moved to California in 1996 to work on a movie about
his life with James Cameron & Joel Schumacher, but never
made it.
■ California judge had found Milligan incapable of handling
his own affairs in 1996, where the State sued him for the
amount spent on his treatment
■ He declared bankruptcy in San Diego. He came out of it in
2000
■ His location thereafter remained for a long time unknown,
his former acquaintances having lost contact with him.
■ Milligan died of cancer at a nursing home in Columbus,
Ohio on December 12, 2014. He was 59

27. THE INSANITY
DEFENCE

28. ■ Also known as the mental disorder defence, is
a defence by excuse in a criminal case, arguing that the defendant
is not responsible for their actions due to an episodic or
persistent psychiatric disease at the time of the criminal act.
■ This is contrasted with an excuse of provocation, in which
defendant is responsible, but the responsibility is lessened due to
a temporary mental state
■ The defence is based on evaluations by forensic mental health
professionals with the appropriate test according to the
jurisdiction.
■ Their testimony guides the jury, but they are not allowed to
testify to the accused's criminal responsibility, as this is a matter
for the jury to decide.
■ Similarly, mental health practitioners are restrained from making
a judgment on the issue of whether the defendant is or is not
insane or what is known as the "ultimate issue".

29. PERSONALITIES
His mental family

30. ■ The Ten
– These ten are the alters whom personalities "Ragen"
and "Arthur" decided were not "undesirable."
– They freely shared consciousness, and doctors quickly
learned of their existences.
■ The Undesirables
– These 14 more people were labelled "undesirable" after
breaking the rules laid down by Ragen and Arthur.
– These alters were no longer allowed "on the spot" and
only revealed themselves after Milligan was sent to the
hospital.

31. Billy Milligan
■ (William Stanley
Milligan) is the core
personality.
■ Actual owner of the body
Arthur
■ Is an extremely
sophisticated and
educated Englishman.
■ An expert in science and
medicine, with a focus
on hematology.
■ He is in the spot during
times that required
intellectual thinking.
■ Arthur is one of only two
personalities who could
classify a person in the
group as an undesirable.

33. Allen
■ A con man and a
manipulator.
■ He is the most common
person to talk to the
outside world.
■ He plays the drums and
paints portraits.
■ Also the only right-handed
self.
■ He is the only personality
that smokes cigarettes.
Ragen Vadascovinich
■ The "keeper of hate".
■ His name comes from the
words "rage again".
■ Describes himself as
Yugoslavian, has
a Slavic accent, can write and
speak in Serbian and is
extraordinarily strong.
■ Controls the spot in dangerous
times and can designate group
members as "undesirable".
■ He admitted committing
robbery in order to support
"the family", but had no
knowledge of the rapes.

35. Tommy
■ Is the escape artist; he is
often confused with Allen.
■ He plays the tenor sax
and is an electronics
expert.
■ He is also a painter,
specializing in
landscapes.
Danny
■ Is afraid of people,
especially men.
■ He only paints still life
and never paints
landscapes.
■ He says this was because
Chalmer made him dig
his own grave and buried
him in it.

37. Christene,
■ Aged three, was the one
who would stand in the
corner in school when
"Billy" would get in
trouble.
■ She has dyslexia, but
Arthur taught her to read
and write.
■ Ragen has a special bond
with her.
Christopher,
■ Christene's brother, plays
the harmonica.

39. Adalana,
■ A lesbian,
■ Cooks and cleans house
for the others,
■ And writes poetry.
■ Milligan's attorney
claimed that adalana had
admitted to committing
the rapes without the
knowledge of milligan or
the other alters.
David,
■ Age eight, is the "keeper
of pain".
■ He comes to the spot to
take the pain of the
others.

41. The Teacher
■ The Teacher, was by far the greatest milestone to helping
Billy achieve fusion. He is the sum of all 24 people put
together, and has almost total recall of all the other
people's actions and thoughts.
■ Dr. David Caul at the Athens Mental Health Centre
wanted to treat Milligan by "fusing” him. But it turned out
Milligan was already fused in a personality called "The
Teacher.“
■ The Teacher helped the other personalities learn their
special talents, but he didn't hold Milligan's consciousness.
■ Caul drew The Teacher into consciousness in December
1978 which was the first time Milligan had felt like one
person since he was little.

42. Influences on Culture
■ Daniel Keyes authored a biographical non-fiction
novel called The Minds of Billy Milligan (1981)
■ His follow-up book, The Milligan Wars, was published
in Japan in 1994
■ Several attempts had been made by Hollywood to adapt
Keyes' book. In the early 1990s, James Cameron co-wrote a
screenplay with Todd Grafffor a film version he was to
direct then-titled A Crowded Room
■ After Cameron left the project, Warner Bros. continued to
develop it now slightly retitled The Crowded Room, which
stalled till February 2015, where it was confirmed that
Leonardo DiCaprio would star as Milligan, with Jason
Smilovic to pen the script.[13]

43. ■ The Tamil Language Film – Anniyan (2005) – was loosely
based on Milligan's life.
■ The movie Split (2017 film) by M. Night Shyamalan, James
McAvoy plays Kevin, a man with 24 different personalities
who kidnaps three teenagers.
■ American-born Taiwanese Mandopop singer-
songwriter Wilber Pan released a song and music video
inspired by Billy Milligan on 2012 called "24個比利" (The
Story of Billy) as part of his ninth studio album 'The Story
of Billy'.
■ This song went on to win 'Golden Melodies of the Year' At
the 20th Chinese Music Chart Awards held at Taipei Arena
on 29 December, 2012.

44. CONCLUSION
Was the Jury’s decision the right decision?

45. Thank You
By Leroy, Sanket & Yash

46. Bibliography
■ http://www.columbusmonthly.com/content/stories/2010/
03/the-strange-case-of-billy-milligans-jigsaw-
psyche.html
■ http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2007/10/2
8/BILLY.ART_ART_10-28-07_A1_EV89AGB.html#
■ http://www.learning-mind.com/case-of-billy-milligan/
■ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative_identity_diso
rder#Society_and_culture
■ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Milligan#Personaliti
es
■ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insanity_defense