This document provides a history and overview of Linux and GNU/Linux distributions. It discusses the origins of the GNU project and Linux kernel, how they combined to form GNU/Linux systems, and the growth of Linux users over time. It also summarizes some of the core freedoms and principles of open source software using Linux, and provides an introduction to common Linux desktop environments, software alternatives, and considerations for adoption.

1. GNU/Linux Introduction Be Free, Be LINUX.

2. About This Document This document is under GNU Free Document License (FDL). Feel free to use and distribute.

3. History Linux Beaning : Linus Torvalds. GNU project : Richard Stallman. GNU/Linux Combination.

4. History 1983: The GNU Project launched by RMS 1991: Linux 0.01 ( 10k line of code, 1 user ) 1994: Linux 1.0 ( 170k line of code, 100 thousand user) 1996: Linux 2.0 ( 400k line of code, 1.5 million user) 1998: Open Source Definition (4 Freedoms) 1998: Linux 2.1.11 ( 1.5M line of code, 7.5 million user) 1999: Linux 2.2: 12 million users.

5. 4 Freedoms(1998) The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0). The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2). The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3).

6. Distributions Meaning of a Distribution. Many Resales of one Distribution. Debian ,Slack ware ,Red Hat (The Big three). Other Distributions Based on Others. The Best one For Beginners. Distribtion Map

7. Ubuntu Ubuntu History. Meaning of “Ubuntu”. Ubuntu Releases. Why Ubuntu?

8. The Ubuntu Promise Ubuntu will always be free of charge, including enterprise releases and security updates. Ubuntu comes with full commercial support from Canonical and hundreds of companies around the world. Ubuntu includes the very best translations and accessibility infrastructure that the free software community has to offer. Ubuntu CDs contain only free software applications; we encourage you to use free and open source software, improve it and pass it on.

9. Alternatives M$ Office >> Open Office. Photo Shop >> GIMP. Media Player >> Mplayer,vlc,totem. IE >> Mozilla Firefox. Yahoo,MSN Messenger >> Pidgin. For more check http://www.osalt.com/

10. Pre-installation Live CD What is it? How it work. GRUB What is it? Dual Booting

11. System Requirements Minimum To Work: 300 MHz x86 processor. 64 MB of system memory (RAM). At least 4 GB of disk space (for full installation and swap space). VGA graphics card capable of 640x480 resolution. CD-ROM drive or network card.

12. System Requirements To work Efficiently : 8 GB free or more. 700 MHz x86 processor. Graphics card capable of 1024x768 resolution. 384 MB of system memory (RAM). Sound card. A network or Internet connection

13. Swap What's Swap? Why Swap? Some programs are very memory-consuming. Extra memory can come in handy. Optimizing memory usage. Hibernation (suspend-to-disk) How much? Swap in Linux VS Virtual Memory in Window$.

14. Desktop Environment Meaning of “Desktop Environment”: DE not Themes. ‫‪” Explorer‬‬” in Window$. Explorer Components. So What's the DE?!!

15. Desktop Environment Dead Points in Window$ DE: Build inside Kernel. ONE FORMAT,ONE SHAPE ,ONE DE. Limited And powerfulness. A Big Security Hole Inside Your PC.

16. Desktop Environment Advantages of Linux DE: Build Away from Kernel. Open source so it like sesal. Separated Modules. Sick not mean Death. Multi DE on one OS. Faster, More flexible. Resources Friendly.

17. Desktop Environment GNOME:

18. Desktop Environment The Official Desktop Environment For Ubuntu. The Fastest And The Easiest. Design on GTK libraries.

19. Desktop Environment KDE:

20. Desktop Environment The Official Desktop Environment For Kubuntu. More Beautiful. Similar to Window$ DE. Design on QT libraries.

21. Desktop Environment XFCE:

22. Desktop Environment The Official Desktop Environment For Xubuntu. Based on GNOME. For Old Computers. More Simple.

23. Dealing with programs Repositories Concept How to Deal With it? Installation's Ways From Add/Remove Tool. From Synaptic Package Manager. Dealing With APT throw the Command Line. Compiling From Source Code.

24. Terminal What's The Terminal? Difference Between Terminal and C.L. Basic Commands. Permissions.

25. Users And Groups Users Privileges : Advantages in Linux Disadvantages in Window$. Users types in Linux : Root User. Super User. Regular User.

26. Linux File System Every thing is a file inside Linux. Linux Directory Structure. /bin , /usr/bin. /sbin ,/usr/sbin. /etc. /proc. /home. /root. /media , /mnt. ........

27. How To Get HELP Offline system documentation‬. ‫‪ Online system documentation‬‬. ‫‪ Community Support‬‬(‫‪Forums‬‬ ,IRC ,....). Man Pages.

28. Linux Adoption Many Countries Adopt Open Source Generally and Linux Specially. Some turn to Linux Because they looking for a good OS they can Modify in it to satisfy their needs. Some turn Because of the High Cost of Micro$oft OS. Some turns Because of the Licenses of Micro$oft force them not to us it.

29. Linux Adoption In 2005 the Government of Peru voted to adopt open source across all its bodies. The Netherlands has an initiative called "Open source and standards in education". The Government of India has set up a resource center for Free and Open Source Software The Ministry of Defence in Singapore began migrating its computers from Microsoft to free software in 2004 In Germany's federal state Thuringia the Ministry for culture and education has launched a project called (Linux for schools)

30. Linux Adoption And There is many Hardware Companies turned to sell Linux pre-installed on their Computers. And Micro$oft Try to Fight this Phoneme with any WAY. Dell announced it would begin shipping Ubuntu-based computers to Canada , Latin America and China. Acer launched the Linux-based Acer Aspire one. And Many..................

31. Window$ Vs Linux Windows : Advantage. Disadvantage. Linux: Advantage. Disadvantage.

32. Window$ Vs GNU/Linux In a world without walls, who needs windows?

33. GNU/Linux Thanks For your Attention any Questions are Welcomed.