The document discusses Behaviour Driven Development (BDD), which structures automated tests as executable specifications for software features and scenarios. BDD tests are written in a Given/When/Then format and serve as documentation of requirements and acceptance criteria. An example BDD test written in JavaScript is provided for a "Green Bottles" feature, testing that the number of bottles on the wall decreases by one each time one falls. BDD provides benefits like user-focused tests linked to stories that are technology-agnostic and refactor-friendly.