1. UNIVERSITY OF CAPE COAST
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
a presentation on
ANALYSIS OF EFFLUENT FROM AMEEN SHANGARI
INDUSTRIES LIMITED
by
FELIX BOADU – SC/ICH/08/0009
MR. KWASI OPOKU BOADU (SUPERVISOR)

2. INTRODUCTION
ICH
Effluent is an outflow of waste material from a human–
made structure discharged into the environment especially
when serving as a pollutant
Effluents from soap manufacturing industries are known
to contain complex chemicals most of which are very
toxic and capable of destroying the microbial habitats
Ameen Shangari Industries Limited is a soap producing
company
Its also produces Glycerine(crude and refined), Cooking
Oil, Brake Lining and Palm Kernel Cake
© FELIX BOADU - SC/ICH/08/0009 Thursday, February 14, 2013

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT
ICH
Effluents generated from soap factories, like in all other
effluents contain organic and inorganic matter which
when discharged to the environment can cause serious
environmental hazards if the contents exceed maximum
permissible levels
© FELIX BOADU - SC/ICH/08/0009 Thursday, February 14, 2013

4. OBJECTIVES
ICH
 To determine the effluent generated from Ameen Shangari
Industries Limited by determination of water quality
parameters particularly Chemical Oxygen Demand
(COD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended
Solids (TSS), pH and sediments.
 To make recommendation on further treatment, if
necessary, before being discharge.
© FELIX BOADU - SC/ICH/08/0009 Thursday, February 14, 2013

5. PARAMETERS
ICH
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
pH
SEDIMENTS
TEMPERATURE
TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS
TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS
© FELIX BOADU - SC/ICH/08/0009 Thursday, February 14, 2013

6. CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD)
ICH
Method used Open Reflux
COD test shows the amount of oxygen present in the
effluents
Oxidizing agent used in this analysis was Potassium
dichromate (under acidic conditions)
Acidity is usually achieved by the addition of sulfuric acid
The excess potassium dichromate is titrated with ferrous
ammonium sulfate (FAS)
© FELIX BOADU - SC/ICH/08/0009 Thursday, February 14, 2013

7. pH
ICH
Method used Potentiometric
 pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of an aqueous
solution
 pH scale ranges between 0 and 14
© FELIX BOADU - SC/ICH/08/0009 Thursday, February 14, 2013

8. TEMPERATURE
ICH
Method Used Mercury thermometer
 Temperature is a measure of hotness or coldness
 Its plays an important role in determining the rate and
extent to which chemical reactions occur
© FELIX BOADU - SC/ICH/08/0009 Thursday, February 14, 2013

9. SEDIMENTS
ICH
Sediment is naturally occurring material that is broken
down by processes of weathering and erosion
© FELIX BOADU - SC/ICH/08/0009 Thursday, February 14, 2013

10. TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS
ICH
Method Used Calculation from TS and TSS
 Total dissolved solids (TDS) are a measure of dissolved
matter in water
 The most common chemical constituents are
calcium, sodium, potassium and chloride
© FELIX BOADU - SC/ICH/08/0009 Thursday, February 14, 2013

11. TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS
ICH
Method Used Gravimetric after Filtration
 Total suspended solids (TSS) include all particles
suspended in water which will not pass through a filter
© FELIX BOADU - SC/ICH/08/0009 Thursday, February 14, 2013

12. RESULTS
ICH
PARAMETER SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 2 SAMPLE 3 EPA
COD (mg/l) 5412 5134 5273 250
pH 5.1 5.2 5.0 6–9
Sediments (mg/l) 400 370 390 -
Temperature (°C) 29.5 26.7 28.4 -
TDS (mg/l) 8000 7900 7900 1000
TSS (mg/l) 12500 11900 12400 50
© FELIX BOADU - SC/ICH/08/0009 Thursday, February 14, 2013

13. A Graph Showing the Level of COD of Samples
against EPA Standard
ICH
6000
Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l)
5000
4000
3000
5412 5134 5273
2000
1000
250
0
Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 EPA
© FELIX BOADU - SC/ICH/08/0009 Thursday, February 14, 2013

14. A Graph showing the ph Levels of Samples against
EPA Standard
ICH
6.2
6
5.8
5.6
5.4
pH
5.2
5
4.8
4.6
4.4
Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 EPA
pH 5.1 5.2 5 6
© FELIX BOADU - SC/ICH/08/0009 Thursday, February 14, 2013

15. A Graph showing TDS and TSS Levels of Samples
against EPA Standards
ICH
9000 14000
8000
12000
7000
10000
6000
5000 Sample 1 8000 Sample 1
Sample 2 Sample 2
4000 6000
Sample 3 Sample 3
3000 EPA EPA
4000
2000
2000
1000
0 0
TDS TSS
© FELIX BOADU - SC/ICH/08/0009 Thursday, February 14, 2013

16. A Graph of Average Values against EPA Standard
ICH
14000
12000
10000
8000
Average Values
6000 EPA
4000
2000
0
COD pH TDS TSS
© FELIX BOADU - SC/ICH/08/0009 Thursday, February 14, 2013

17. CONCLUSION
ICH
All parameters analyzed were not in the permissible range
of EPA of Ghana
Effluents from Ameen Shangari Industries Limited were
not properly treated
© FELIX BOADU - SC/ICH/08/0009 Thursday, February 14, 2013

18. RECOMMENDATIONS
ICH
The composition of the effluent should be check when
analysing it.
The effluent should be well treated before been discharge.
© FELIX BOADU - SC/ICH/08/0009 Thursday, February 14, 2013

19. THANK YOU