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basic gender concepts for general population.ppt
- 1.
- 2. Refers to the biologicaland physiological characteristics that define men and women
- 3. SEX CHARACTERISTICS… • Womenmenstruated while men do not • Women have developed breasts that are usually capable of lactating while men have not • Women can give birth. • Men can supply sperm. • Men have testicles while women do not CANNOT BE CHANGED
- 4. Gender refers tothe socially constructed roles and relationships, personality traits, attitudes, behaviors, values, relative power and influence that society ascribes to the two sexes on a differential basis.
- 5. BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES.... FEMALE MALE GENITALIAvagina, clitoris penis, scrotum INTERNAL REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS uterus, ovaries, fallopian tube, ovum teste s CHROMOSOMES XX XY HORMONES Estrogen Progesteron Testosterone
- 9. INSTITUTIONS THAT PERPETUATE GENDERPOWER RELATIONS FAMILY
- 10. FAMILY FAMILY Composition of theFamily Role of each member is often defined by gender Father – responsible for the material well being of the wife, children, and elderly dependents Mother – responsible for the emotional and spiritual welfare of the family unit
- 11. Colors FAMILY FAMILY Gender stereotyping and genderbased inequality in the family begins with child care and rearing
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- 13. Toys Kids PlayWith FAMILY FAMILY
- 14. Fairy Tales KidsGrew Up With FAMILY FAMILY
- 15. • TEXTBOOKS •CURRICULUM • TOYS •LEARNINGMATERIALS • CAREER OPTIONS • SEGREGATION • ETC.
- 16. Textbooks Underscore the “appropriate” tasks formales and females SCHOOL SCHOOL
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- 18. In nursery andkindergarten classes, boys and girls are taught what toys and games are “appropriate” for their gender – Heavy block, trucks, airplanes and carpentry for boys – Dolls and home making equipment for girls SCHOOL SCHOOL
- 19. Classroom dynamics • Teacherscall on boys more often and spend more time with them • Ask boys more challenging questions • Wait longer for boys to answer • Urge boys to try harder, constantly telling the boys that they can do it SCHOOL SCHOOL
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- 22. These constructed or mediatedrealities may have normative or prescriptive values Defines IDEAL MAN ADONIS
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- 24. Masculinity and SportsMedia • Sports is dominated by men • Transmit powerful ideas about manliness and masculinity • Refer to men athletes as “big,” “strong,” “gutsy,” “brilliant” • Call men by their last names
- 25. Women and Sports •Women occupy usually only 2% of air time • Sports commentators describe women athletes as “panicked,” “fatigued,” “weary,” “vulnerable,” • Usually use the first names of women • Photos are sexualized, emphasizes the beauty rather than the game
- 26. Masculinity and advertising •Powerful bodies dominate space in ads • Men are presented as “virile,” “slim,” “muscular,” “powerful”
- 27. BUSINESS/ MARKET •BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES • POSITIONS •WAGE RATES • TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN •SEXUAL HARASSMENT •etc.
- 28. STATE •LAWS / POLICIES •POLITICAL PARTICIPATION AND REPRESENTATION • etc.
- 29. Because of unevenand unjust GENDER POWER RELATIONS women and men are boxed boxed into situations – which constrain constrain their Capacity to do and to be
- 30. Gender issues/concerns are issues,concerns or problems arising from societal expectations and perceptions on the roles of women and men that impede one’s opportunities to participate in the development process and enjoy its benefits.
- 31. GENDER BIASES AGAINST MEN Inherently aggressive and violent Don’tfeel pain/incapable of experiencing human relations Inherently expressive in their sexuality Don’t need closeness, reassurance and attention etc.
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- 33. NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON PERSONHOOD VIOLENCE M ARGIN ALIZATIO N SUBO RDIN ATIO N M U LTIPLE BU RDEN GENDER STEREOTYPING WOMEN’S GENDER ISSUES AGAINSTWOMEN Manifestations of gender biases
- 34. Manifestation of GenderBias NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON PERSONHOOD • no self-determination & self-actualization • low self-esteem / lack of self-confidence • inability to set higher goals • etc.
- 35. The Public-Private DIVIDE PRODUCTIVEREPRODUCTIVE Production of goods & services Care & maintenance of the household Done outside the home; public Done inside the home; private Recognized as work Not recognized as work; invisible Valued; paid Not valued; unpaid Usually 8-hrs. job No fixed hours; often simultaneous tasks Men’s sphere Women’s sphere
- 36. GAD is aboutbeing faithful to the principle that Justice and equity demands that everyone in society, whether male or female, has the right to the same opportunities to achieve a full, satisfying and peaceful life.
- 37. Key Principles Development thatis gender-responsive should: EXPAND/ENLARGE women’s range of CHOICES and OPPORTUNITIES Deliberately ADDRESS OBSTACLES to women’s effective participation in and their enjoyment of the benefits of development STRENGTHEN their capabilities to attain a full, satisfying & peaceful life
- 38. SUPERMARKET * SUPERMARKET * LAUNDRY LAUNDRY COOKING* COOKING * HOMEMAKER HOMEMAKER CONSUMER * CONSUMER * SECRETARY SECRETARY EMOTIONAL EMOTIONAL OVERTIME * SEMINARS OVERTIME * SEMINARS BOSS * BARS * TENNIS BOSS * BARS * TENNIS FRIENDS * POLITICS FRIENDS * POLITICS BREADWINNER BREADWINNER
- 39. SUPERMARKET * SUPERMARKET * LAUNDRY LAUNDRY COOKING* COOKING * HOMEMAKER HOMEMAKER CONSUMER * CONSUMER * SECRETARY SECRETARY OVERTIME * SEMINARS OVERTIME * SEMINARS BOSS * BARS * TENNIS BOSS * BARS * TENNIS FRIENDS * POLITICS FRIENDS * POLITICS BREADWINNER BREADWINNER SUPERMARKET * LAUNDRY * COOKING SUPERMARKET * LAUNDRY * COOKING HOMEMAKER * CONSUMER * SECRETARY HOMEMAKER * CONSUMER * SECRETARY EMOTIONAL * EMOTIONAL * OVERTIME * SEMINARS OVERTIME * SEMINARS BOSS * BARS * TENNIS BOSS * BARS * TENNIS * * FRIENDS * POLITICS FRIENDS * POLITICS BREADWINNER BREADWINNER
Editor's Notes
- #33 Marginalization (economic sphere) Not equal pay for work of equal value Women last hired, first fired No/little opportunities for career advancement (training available or accessible to men only) Work at home not given any economic value, not considered as work Work outside the home that are considered extension of their home roles are valued less Subordination (political sphere) Few women in decision-making (incl. At home) Glass ceiling for women – promotions slow, some leadership positions not for women - 10% women in most legislatures Politics too dirty for women – di masikmura ng women Gender Stereotyping “kinakahon” – men’s place, role, work, dress, color, etc. not women’s place, role, dress, color, etc. From womb to tomb – malikot sa tiyan/baby boy, maganda ang nanay/baby girl – boy’s games & toys/girl’s games & toys Prevents women from full enjoyment of rights and expression of her talents Like the air we breath – oftentimes subtle so we are socialized into it without realizing it – defined by our songs, textbooks, church sermons, advertisements Multiple burden 8 hr. work outside the home – 8 hrs. housework required by defined gender roles – little time for rest & recreation Men not expected to do housework (some do housework, but only when they want to.e.g. pasikat sa friends na marunong magluto ng pasta) Violence against women Whole range of violent acts – green jokes, sexual innuendos, sexual harassment, acts of lasciviousness, rape Women treated as sex objects Men socialized into thinking than women are virgins (they expect of their girlfriend, wives, daughters) or vamps (the women who provide them sexual favors) Some places (parks, bars,etc. or work (night work, work that requires travel) not for women - No woman is safe until all women are safe. Negative effect on personhood Women develop low self-esteem, no self-confidence No control over their bodies Women set low expectations of themselves, will not want to achieve more, will not want to outshine her man Will feel that without a man, she is nothing (pressures for women to get married, when married – must keep her man at all costs)