The document provides an overview of computer basics, detailing hardware components like the CPU, RAM, motherboard, and storage drives (HDD and SSD), along with their functions. It also outlines software aspects, including operating systems and utility programs, that manage hardware resources and perform maintenance tasks. Additionally, it covers input and output devices, including printers and monitors, specifying their roles in computer operations.

1. Basics of Computer
By
I Tejaswini
Department (CSM&CSD)

2. CLASS-1
Basic components
of the computer

3. Components of
computer
Hardware
Components
Software
Components

5. Central Processing Unit
CPU consists of 3 major units, which are:
•Memory or Storage unit - The memory unit is responsible for
transferring information to other units of the computer when
needed. Data and instructions are stored in memory units which
are required for processing. It also stores the intermediate
results of any calculation or task when they are in process.
•Control Unit- Controlling of data and transfer of data and
instructions is done by the control unit among other parts of the
computer. It manages all parts of the computer.
•ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)- ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) is
responsible for performing arithmetic and logical functions or
operations. By arithmetic operations, we mean operations like
addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, and all these
operations and functions are performed by ALU.
By Logical operations, we mean operations
or functions like selecting, comparing,
matching, and merging the data, and all
these are performed by ALU.

6. Where is the CPU located?

7. Keyboard

8. Printer
A printer is an output
device that prints paper
documents. This includes
text documents, images, or
a combination of both. The
two most common types
of printers are inkjet and
laser printers.

9. Monitor
A computer monitor is an output device that displays information in
pictorial or textual form. A discrete monitor comprises a visual display,
support electronics, power supply, housing, electrical connectors, and
external user controls.
Components of a Monitor:
Display Panel
Backlight
Circuit Board
Power Supply
Stand
Input ports

10. Mouse
Uses of Computer Mouse:
Pointing items
Selecting
Drawing
Dragging and drop
Scrolling up and down on documents or screen
Clicking
Hovering
Playing games
Parts of Mouse:
Buttons
Wheel
Cable/connector
LED or laser
Mouse motherboard

11. Motherboard:
• The motherboard, or mainboard is the
main circuit board that connects all
the other components of the computer,
including the CPU, RAM, and storage.
• It also contains other essential
components, such as the BIOS (basic
input/output system) and expansion
slots.
• The motherboard processes the actual
exchange of information and data in a
computer system and comprises the
CPU, memory and secondary storage
devices.

12. RAM:
• Random Access Memory
(RAM) is a type of computer
memory that stores data
temporarily while a
computer is running.
• It’s called “random access”
because the computer can
access any part of the
memory directly and
quickly.

14. CLASS-2
Hardware and Various
terms in Computer

15. Computer hardware components:
•Motherboard
•Central processing unit (CPU)
•Random access memory (RAM)
•Storage drive (HDD or SSD)
•Graphics processing unit (GPU)
•Keyboard, mouse, & monitor

16. Storage Drive
A hard disk drive (HDD) is
an electro-mechanical data
storage device that stores
and retrieves digital
data using magnetic
storage with one or more
rigid rapidly
rotating platters coated with
magnetic material.

17. Solid State Drive
A solid-state drive (SSD) is a type of solid-state storage device
that uses integrated circuits to store data persistently. It is
sometimes called semiconductor storage device, solid-state
device, or solid-state disk.
Intel SSD device

18. Graphics Processing Unit:
A GPU is a processor designed
to handle graphics operations.
This includes both 2D and 3D
calculations, though GPUs
primarily excel at rendering
3D graphics.

20. CLASS-3
Software and Operating System

21. Software Components
Operating System
Device Drivers
Utility Software
Application Software
Firmware

22. Operating System
An Operating System (OS) is system
software that manages computer hardware,
software resources, and provides various
services for computer programs. It acts as an
intermediary between users and the computer
hardware, enabling the user to interact with
the computer and run applications.

24. Device Driver:
• A device driver is a small software program that allows the
operating system (OS) to communicate with and control
hardware devices.
• It acts as a translator between the OS and the hardware,
enabling the OS to interact with hardware components like
printers, graphics cards, sound cards, network adapters,
storage devices, and many others.
• Without device drivers, the OS would not be able to use
hardware resources effectively or in some cases at all.

26. Utility Software
Utilities perform maintenance tasks and help with
system management. Common utilities include disk
defragmenters, antivirus software, and backup tools.

27. Disk Defragmenters:
Disk fragmenters, also known as disk defragmenters or disk defraggers, are utility programs
that rearrange the data on a computer's hard disk drive (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD) to
improve performance, reduce fragmentation, and increase storage efficiency. They then
rearrange the files to occupy contiguous blocks on the disk

28. Registry Cleaners, Virus Scanners and Screen savers
Registry cleaner
Virus scanner Screen saver

29. Application Software: Application software is
designed to help the user perform specific tasks or solve
specific problems.

31. THANK
YOU