The document provides references for a bag valve mask type ventilator, including 4 patent references and 4 non-patent literature references describing existing ventilator designs from MIT, Rice University, and IIT Kanpur. It also lists major ventilator manufacturers and suggests a design for a ventilator that could be powered by a single compressor to power multiple ventilators simultaneously in order to reduce energy consumption compared to individual compressors per ventilator. The conclusion discusses the priority of overcoming IP barriers to enable widespread manufacturing of critical medical equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic.

1. PRIOR ART SEARCH & LITERATURE SURVEY REPORT
Title Report For Bag Valve Mask Type Ventilator
Contents
References..................................................................................................................................2
Patent Reference ....................................................................................................................2
Non Patent Literature References:.........................................................................................8
1) MIT E-Vent .............................................................................................................8
2) Rice university Open source ventilator....................................................................9
3) IIT Kanpur emergency ventilator ............................................................................9
4) Major full scale Ventilator manufacturers :.............................................................9
A ventilator design suggestion we could think of:...............................................................10
Conclusion: ..........................................................................................................................11

2. References
Patent Reference
1) US5711295A
Patent/Publication No US5711295A Priority Date 27/1/1998
Legal Status Expired Indian Patent Family No
Applicant Robert. E Harris
Title Resuscitation device
ABSTRACT:
This is a device for resuscitation of asphyxiated or semi asphyxiated patients. It is used
primarily by emergency rescue and ambulance personnel. It is designed to supplement
equipment already in use and is not intended to replace other equipment. It comprises
manually operable mechanical equipment to replace the use of a medic's hand, presently used
to squeeze and release a plastic air bag (10) which in turn alternately forces air or oxygen into

3. the lungs of the patient and releases carbon dioxide and other waste gases from the lungs of
the patient. The resuscitation device holds the plastic bag between a stationary mechanical
upper hand (36) and a vertically moveable mechanical lower hand (56). The vertical
movement of the lower hand is sustained by a pivotable lever (70) which is manually
operated by rescue personnel. The pivotable lever gives the rescue personnel substantial
mechanical advantage and leverage for sustaining the pumping action of the standard
equipment used to force air or oxygen into the lungs of the patient and to release waste gases
from the lungs of the patient. This device prevents the air bag from being accidentally moved
during rescue efforts. It provides the rescue personnel with the assurance of knowing where
the air bag is located at all times during hectic rescue efforts. When the rescue personnel must
remove his hand temporarily from the pivotable lever to perform other life saving tasks, he
can quickly return to the task of moving the lever up and down to provide respiratory support.
DRAWINGS:

4. Fig 1

5. Fig 2

6. 2) US20140000613A1
Patent/Publication
No
US20140000613A1 Priority Date 2012-06-20
Legal Status Abandoned Indian Patent Family No
Applicant STARSHIP ENTERPRISES LLC
Title Apparatus, System and Method of Remotely Actuating a Manual
Ventilation Bag
ABSTRACT:
An apparatus, system and method of actuating a manual ventilator system bag to cause
patient ventilation. The apparatus, system and method include a pressure exerter proximate to
the manual ventilator system bag; and an actuator suitable for remote actuation of said
pressure exerter. In embodiments, actuation of the actuator remotely causes the pressure
exerter to make contact with and exert pressure against the manual ventilator system bag to
thereby execute ventilation of the patient associated with an inlet hose/tube.

7. Fig 3.

8. Fig 4.
Non PatentLiterature References:
1) MIT E-Vent
MIT has been fast tracking a design to tackle the Covid-19 crisis. The MIT design is based on
a student project carried out in 2010. The design along with all the clinical, mechanical,
controls and electrical as well as testing data have been made open source by MIT and the
same has been put online in the website : https://e-vent.mit.edu/ . To access these designs a
user just has to register on the website of MIT and simply has to provide his credentials.

9. 2) Rice university Open source ventilator
https://news.rice.edu/2019/05/01/student-invention-gives-patients-the-breath-of-life-2/
Rice university _emergency ventilator design. MIT e-vent team has cited this design
in their specifications. This design also could be relied upon for these reasons.
https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-04/ru-rue040320.php
Rice University emergency ventilator plans now online
ApolloBVM, an open-source bag valve mask automation device, could help
patients in treatment for COVID-19
3) IIT Kanpur emergency ventilator
Among Indian universities IIT Kanpur has taken the lead in developing low cost
ventilator devices. These devices have been developed by a startup incubated by IIT
kanpur’s incubation cell. The efforts are being led by Professor Amitabha
Bndopadhyaya
https://indianexpress.com/article/education/iit-kanpur-announces-portable-ventilators-
to-provide-medical-aid-to-coronavirus-patients-6332757/
4) Major full scale Ventilator manufacturers :
Below is a list of the major ventilator manufacturers worldwide. Many of these ventilator
manufacturers have made their ventilator designs and specifications open source or have put
vey lenient terms and conditions for licencing of their Intellectual property during this time of
crisis. Many of such designs have been licenced to Automobile manufacturers turned
emergency ventilator manufacturers for. Eg Mahindra licencing ventilator technology from
an un-named ventilator manufacturer.

10. Some of the major ventilator manufacturers world-over are1
Philips Healthcare
2. ResMed
3. Medtronic
4. Becton
5. Dickinson and Company
6. Getinge
7. Drager
8. Smiths Group
9. Hamilton Medical
10. GE Healthcare
11. Fisher & Paykel
12. Air Liquide, Zoll Medical
13. Allied Healthcare Products
14. Airon Mindray
A ventilator designsuggestionwe could think of2
:
While studying the patent and non-patent literature we (credits to Shival Ethape) have
found a peculiarity that all ventilators require a separate compressor to function. All prior
art as well as non-patent literature searched has shown this peculiarity. As a result the per unit
energy consumption of each ventilator is bound to rise. We have been thinking whether it is
possible to utilize a single powerful or multi-stage compressor to power multiple
ventilators simultaneously. An industrial compressor, which is already present in the
premises or in hospitals could be used to power multiple ventilators simultaneously. Such a
device could be novel, useful and the design could be protected in the future as well, after
the pandemic is over.
Suggestion and working of the multi-actuator pneumatic circuit
(Single compressor design) : (Explained in the attached pdf)
Automating the ventilator so that continual operator intervention is not needed for safe,
desired operation requires three basic components:
1 https://www.openpr.com/news/1999026/ventilator-market-2020-growth-factors-ongoing-trends-and-key
2 Shival Ethape

11. A source of input energy to drive the device;
A means of converting input energy into output energy in the form of pressure and flow to
regulate the timing and size of breaths; and
A means of monitoring the output performance of the device and the condition of the patient.
The current system that we are working on uses a claw setup, which is mechanically operated
and presses onto the bag of bvm which in turn pumps air. In this system the pressing action
could said to be the input energy to drive the device, the bvm as means of converting input
energy.
This kind of a setup would require a different motor for every setup. But during this time if
crisis, with high risk patients being kept together, the number of ventilators required in a
single location could be high. So, instead of having multiple motors each running a single
ventilator the alternative could be using a single source to drive a number of setups. A
pneumatic system would be more suitable compared to a mechanical one in running multiple
setups on a single source. An air compressor similar to one used in cycle Store could be used
to run multiple pneumatic actuators which can be used to obtain pressing on the bvm bags.
We are sharing a pdf regarding the design of multiple actuator pneumatic circuit herewith.
Conclusion:
Considering the gravity of the pandemic we believe that IP should not be a hindrance towards
the development of emergency and critical medical equipment. Majority of the Government’s
and judiciaries all around the world have invoked compulsory licencing provisions in their
patent act in relation to emergency commodities such as drugs and medical equipment
necessary to overcome the COVID – 19 pandemic. The focus all around the world is to see
that such drugs and equipment are manufactured on an industrial scale as soon as possible to
deal with the surge of patients.