Dokumen tersebut membahas perbandingan antara teknologi jaringan seluler GSM dan CDMA. GSM beroperasi pada frekuensi 900-1800 MHz sementara CDMA menggunakan akses multipleksi kode untuk memungkinkan banyak pengguna berbagi frekuensi yang sama. Dokumen juga membandingkan kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing teknologi.
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This document provides an orientation for a business club called Royale Business Club International Inc. The objective is to help people understand why Royale is one of the best business options and how they can help others improve their lives. It discusses emotional topics like overcoming poverty through various means of employment or business opportunities. The bulk of the document focuses on mindset training, outlining habits and beliefs that can help or hinder success. It provides seven laws to achieve aggressive dreams, including clarity, focus, action, hustle, gestation, and integrity. It aims to help people overcome fears of failure, rejection, and uncertainty about the future. The key messages are developing the right attitude and taking immediate action like making a prospect list and
This study investigated the effects of harvest-applied shellac, wax, and shrink wrap coatings on 'Gala' and 'Golden Delicious' apples during cold storage and shelf life. Over 30 volatile compounds were detected, mostly esters, alcohols, aldehydes and a ketone. Shellac and wax coatings temporarily reduced total volatiles in 'Golden Delicious' but not 'Gala' during cold storage. Coatings reduced respiration and ethylene production when fruit were transferred to shelf life conditions. Coatings also led to less weight loss and better firmness retention in 'Golden Delicious' compared to untreated fruit. The results suggest fruit coatings can improve storage and shelf life
Dokumen tersebut membahas perbandingan antara teknologi jaringan seluler GSM dan CDMA. GSM beroperasi pada frekuensi 900-1800 MHz sementara CDMA menggunakan akses multipleksi kode untuk memungkinkan banyak pengguna berbagi frekuensi yang sama. Dokumen juga membandingkan kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing teknologi.
Plastic extrusion hygienic PVC cladding panel,2440 x 1220 x 3 mm,solid. Over 90 transfer printing surfaces for your option...No matter Italian Poroto Marble or Spanish Cream Marfil ,always any color at one price!
This document provides an orientation for a business club called Royale Business Club International Inc. The objective is to help people understand why Royale is one of the best business options and how they can help others improve their lives. It discusses emotional topics like overcoming poverty through various means of employment or business opportunities. The bulk of the document focuses on mindset training, outlining habits and beliefs that can help or hinder success. It provides seven laws to achieve aggressive dreams, including clarity, focus, action, hustle, gestation, and integrity. It aims to help people overcome fears of failure, rejection, and uncertainty about the future. The key messages are developing the right attitude and taking immediate action like making a prospect list and
This study investigated the effects of harvest-applied shellac, wax, and shrink wrap coatings on 'Gala' and 'Golden Delicious' apples during cold storage and shelf life. Over 30 volatile compounds were detected, mostly esters, alcohols, aldehydes and a ketone. Shellac and wax coatings temporarily reduced total volatiles in 'Golden Delicious' but not 'Gala' during cold storage. Coatings reduced respiration and ethylene production when fruit were transferred to shelf life conditions. Coatings also led to less weight loss and better firmness retention in 'Golden Delicious' compared to untreated fruit. The results suggest fruit coatings can improve storage and shelf life
This document provides statistics and information about Egypt's information technology industry development agency (ITIDA) and ICT sector. It shows growth in ICT sector revenues, contribution to GDP, exports, and mobile phone lines between 2007-2012. It also includes rankings of countries by ease of doing business and numbers of offshore employees in various ICT subsectors in Egypt. The document outlines major foreign companies that have agreements with ITIDA and their services and employee growth. It shares statistics on ICT exports by country and trends in the industry.
EITESAL is the largest non-governmental organization representing Egypt's information and communications technology industry. It was formed through the merger of two older NGOs in 2004. EITESAL aims to empower its members, which range from small to large companies, strengthen the ICT industry, and advocate for its interests nationally and internationally. It provides services like training, networking opportunities, and advocacy to its over 300 member companies.
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This document discusses how educational technology helps improve learning. It describes how computers, the internet, and applications like educational games, virtual reality, and e-books are enhancing teaching and learning. Specific technologies highlighted include flashcards for developing vocabulary, blackboards for making learning more effective outside the classroom, and PowerPoint presentations for improving memory and student attitudes. Examples are provided of each technology.
Trade Atlas, kesin olarak ithalat yapan ithalatçı firma bilgileri sağlayan bir e-ticaret sitesidir. Trade Atlas is an e-commerce website that provides the most up-to-date information about overseas importers according to HS Code or product name for the companies aiming to start exportation or increase and diversify their exports.
This document discusses different types of planting design, including groundcover, shrubs, and trees. It provides examples of plant species for each category and describes their uses in spatial design. Groundcover plants below knee height can form carpets or be combined with taller plants. Shrubs between knee and eye level act as barriers or provide privacy. Tall shrubs and small trees above eye level can enclose or screen areas. Medium and large trees above 10 meters are used to integrate buildings, provide shelter, and frame views. Tree planting in different heights and arrangements is essential for defining spaces and integrating structures into the landscape.
teknis budidaya tanaman kopi dan komoditas kopiNurulia Dimitha
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang teknis budidaya tanaman kopi mulai dari persiapan lahan, pembibitan, penanaman, hama dan penyakit, pengolahan pasca panen, serta syarat mutu komoditas kopi."
Jenis jenis teknologi baru ( ilmu komunikasi semester 2 )Sari Gultom
presentasi tentang satelit komunikasi dan media media baru yang menkonvergensi beberapa media menjadi suatu kombinasi yang ideal yang mendasari perkembangan hingga saat ini. dibahas pula perubahan dan alasan manusia menggunakan teknologi komunikasi baru.
Dokumen tersebut menjelaskan tentang IP address dan bagaimana komputer terhubung ke internet melalui jaringan area lokal atau provider layanan internet. Selanjutnya dijelaskan pula tentang contoh diagram deployment yang menggambarkan koneksi antara smartphone, server, dan komputer melalui hub.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang berbagai jenis penerima televisi seperti televisi hitam putih, berwarna, kabel, satelit, IPTV, dan HD TV. Juga membandingkan perbedaan antara televisi hitam putih dan berwarna. Menguraikan tentang televisi kabel dan satelit serta kelebihan dan kelemahan internet kabel.
Kuliah Komunikasi Data ke-14: Jaringan mobileYeffry Handoko
Dokumen tersebut membahas sejarah dan kondisi saat ini dari jaringan seluler, termasuk evolusi standar GSM, konsep penggunaan kembali frekuensi, masalah perpindahan pengguna antar sel, dan generasi telepon seluler dari 1G hingga 4G."
Beikut slide tentang Regulasi Penyiaran dan Radio Digital. Data yang sama ambil berasal dari KOMINFO, KPID Jakarta, KPI Pusat dan jurnal.
Semoga bermanfaat. Terima Kasih
This document provides statistics and information about Egypt's information technology industry development agency (ITIDA) and ICT sector. It shows growth in ICT sector revenues, contribution to GDP, exports, and mobile phone lines between 2007-2012. It also includes rankings of countries by ease of doing business and numbers of offshore employees in various ICT subsectors in Egypt. The document outlines major foreign companies that have agreements with ITIDA and their services and employee growth. It shares statistics on ICT exports by country and trends in the industry.
EITESAL is the largest non-governmental organization representing Egypt's information and communications technology industry. It was formed through the merger of two older NGOs in 2004. EITESAL aims to empower its members, which range from small to large companies, strengthen the ICT industry, and advocate for its interests nationally and internationally. It provides services like training, networking opportunities, and advocacy to its over 300 member companies.
Wi-fi compatability IP Camcorders, Wi-fi compatability Criminal Camcorders, Wi-fi compatability Small Camcorders & amp; additional concealed in item wi-fi video cameras. For More Information,Visit: http://spycamspecialist.info
This document discusses how educational technology helps improve learning. It describes how computers, the internet, and applications like educational games, virtual reality, and e-books are enhancing teaching and learning. Specific technologies highlighted include flashcards for developing vocabulary, blackboards for making learning more effective outside the classroom, and PowerPoint presentations for improving memory and student attitudes. Examples are provided of each technology.
Trade Atlas, kesin olarak ithalat yapan ithalatçı firma bilgileri sağlayan bir e-ticaret sitesidir. Trade Atlas is an e-commerce website that provides the most up-to-date information about overseas importers according to HS Code or product name for the companies aiming to start exportation or increase and diversify their exports.
This document discusses different types of planting design, including groundcover, shrubs, and trees. It provides examples of plant species for each category and describes their uses in spatial design. Groundcover plants below knee height can form carpets or be combined with taller plants. Shrubs between knee and eye level act as barriers or provide privacy. Tall shrubs and small trees above eye level can enclose or screen areas. Medium and large trees above 10 meters are used to integrate buildings, provide shelter, and frame views. Tree planting in different heights and arrangements is essential for defining spaces and integrating structures into the landscape.
teknis budidaya tanaman kopi dan komoditas kopiNurulia Dimitha
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang teknis budidaya tanaman kopi mulai dari persiapan lahan, pembibitan, penanaman, hama dan penyakit, pengolahan pasca panen, serta syarat mutu komoditas kopi."
Jenis jenis teknologi baru ( ilmu komunikasi semester 2 )Sari Gultom
presentasi tentang satelit komunikasi dan media media baru yang menkonvergensi beberapa media menjadi suatu kombinasi yang ideal yang mendasari perkembangan hingga saat ini. dibahas pula perubahan dan alasan manusia menggunakan teknologi komunikasi baru.
Dokumen tersebut menjelaskan tentang IP address dan bagaimana komputer terhubung ke internet melalui jaringan area lokal atau provider layanan internet. Selanjutnya dijelaskan pula tentang contoh diagram deployment yang menggambarkan koneksi antara smartphone, server, dan komputer melalui hub.
Dokumen ini membahas tentang berbagai jenis penerima televisi seperti televisi hitam putih, berwarna, kabel, satelit, IPTV, dan HD TV. Juga membandingkan perbedaan antara televisi hitam putih dan berwarna. Menguraikan tentang televisi kabel dan satelit serta kelebihan dan kelemahan internet kabel.
Kuliah Komunikasi Data ke-14: Jaringan mobileYeffry Handoko
Dokumen tersebut membahas sejarah dan kondisi saat ini dari jaringan seluler, termasuk evolusi standar GSM, konsep penggunaan kembali frekuensi, masalah perpindahan pengguna antar sel, dan generasi telepon seluler dari 1G hingga 4G."
Beikut slide tentang Regulasi Penyiaran dan Radio Digital. Data yang sama ambil berasal dari KOMINFO, KPID Jakarta, KPI Pusat dan jurnal.
Semoga bermanfaat. Terima Kasih
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang perbedaan antara televisi lokal dan televisi digital, termasuk landasan hukum, teknologi, dan implementasi televisi digital di berbagai negara termasuk Indonesia. Di Indonesia, migrasi ke televisi digital akan dilakukan secara bertahap hingga 2018 di seluruh wilayah nasional. Hal ini menimbulkan tantangan seperti peningkatan persaingan untuk merebut pangsa iklan televisi.
Makalah ini membahas tentang sinyal komunikasi, perangkat transmisi, dan media transmisi dalam telekomunikasi. Topik utama yang dibahas adalah sinyal analog dan digital, modulasi sinyal, jenis media nirkabel dan fisik, serta metode transmisi baseband dan broadband.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang telekomunikasi, internet, dan teknologi nirkabel. Ia menjelaskan konsep dasar dari ketiga hal tersebut dan teknologi jaringan yang mendukungnya seperti jenis jaringan, media transmisi, protokol internet, serta layanan dan teknologi jaringan broadband. Dokumen ini juga membahas tentang konsep internet secara umum, domain name system, serta layanan utama di internet seperti world wide web.
1. 1
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang
Teknologisistempenyiaranpada
era
saatinisemakinmajuseiringberkembangnyasistempenyiarantelevisi
digital.Beberapasistempenyiarantelevisi digital seperti ATSC (Advanced
Television System Commitee), DMB-T (Digital Multimedia
Broadcasting Teresterial), DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting
Teresterial)
dangenerasikeduadari
DVB-T
yaitu
DVBT2.Sistempenyiarantesebuttelahbanyakdiadopsiolehbeberapanegara
yang memanfaatkanataumengembangkansistemtelevisi digital.Indonesia
sendirisedangmerintisuntukmengembangkansistempenyiaran
DVB-T
berdasarkanPeraturanMenteriKomunikasidanInformatika
No.
07/P/M.KOMINFO/03/2007
tentangStandarPenyiaran
Digital
Teresterialuntuktelevisitidakbergerak
di
Indonesia,
menetapkanbahwastandarpenyiaran Indonesia adalah DVB-T (Digital
Video Broadcasting Teresterial). [1]
DVB-T adalahsistem yang penyiarannyasecarateresterial, DVB-T
menggunakan OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex)
denganvariasimodulasi QPSK, 8 QAM, 16 QAM dan 64 QAM, jaringan
yang dapat di implementasikanpada DVB-T adalah SFN
(SingleFrequency Network) dan MFN (Multiple Frequency Network).
Pemerintah
Indonesia
menetapkanbahwa
TVRI
diberikanwewenangsebagaiketuakonsorsiumtelevisi
digital
danberhakmelakukanujicobasiarantelevisi digital pertamadengansistem
DVB-T.Perkembanganregulasitelevisi
digital
di
Indonesia
saatinidisahkanbahwasistem yang akandigunakanadalah DVB-T2
yaitusecond generation dari DVB-T, namun TVRI sebagaistasiuntelevisi
yang
di
berikanwewenangdalampengembangatelevisi
digital
masihmenggunakansistem DVB-T dikarenakaninfrastruktur yang
dimilikimasihdengansistem DVB-T sehinggauntukmelakukanmigrasike
DVB-T2 diperlukanwaktu yang lama danbiaya yang tidaksedikit. Dari
sisiteknologisistem DVB-T masihlaikdigunakansebagaisistem yang
diterapkanpadatelevisi digital di Indonesia.
1
2. 2
Pada
tugasakhiriniakandilakukanpengukurandananalisaperformansitelevisi
digital
dengansistem
DVB-T,
untukmendapatkan
data
konkreattentangperformansidaritelevisi digital DVB-T.
1.2 Permasalahan dan Batasan Masalah
Pada
penelitian
inidilakukanpengukurandananalisauntukmelihatpengaruhinterferensiwifi
standar
802.11npadapenerimaanpaketwifi
existing
yang
berupathroughputberdasarkanperubahannilai
data
rate,
danberdasarkanthroughput tersebutakandidapatnilaijitter delay dannilai
level Interferensi.
Permasalahan yang akandiselesaikanpadapenelitianiniadalah :
Bagaimanamengukur C/N padasistem DVB-T ?
BagaimanamengukurSpektrum DVB-T pada bandwidth 8 MHz ?
Bagaimanamenghitung BER berdasarkanfungsijarakpadateknologi
DVB-T ?
Bagaimanamembuatvisualisasidaripengukurandan
perhitungan
performansi ?
Permasalahan pada penelitian ini akan diabatasi pada :
Pengukuraninihanyaberlakupadateknologitelevisi digital DVB-T.
Pengukuraniniberlakupadakanalfrekuensi band V (582-960 MHz).
Frekuensi audio televisi digital 484.75 -804.75 Mhz.
Frekuensi video televisi digital 479.25-799.25 Mhz.
Stasiuntelevisi yang akandiukuryaitu TVRI JATIM Stasiun
Surabaya.
Pengukuranmenggunakanspectrum analyzer Rohde & Schwarz
FSH3 100 Mhz-3 Ghz
1.3
Tujuan
Tujuandilakukannyapenelitianiniadalahsebagaiberikut :
1. Menganalisaperformansipenerapantelevisi digital dengansistem
DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcasting Terestrial) berdasarkan.
• Pengukuranspektrum DVB-T pada bandwidth 8Mhz.
• Pengukuran C/N.
3. 3
• Perhitungan BER dan C/N.
2. Melakukanvisualisasiperformansihasilpengukurandananalisa.
1.4
Metodologi
Metodologi yang digunakanpadaTugasAkhiriniadalah :
1.4.1 StudiPustaka
Pada tahapawaldilakukanstudi literature tentangteknologi DVB-T
dancarapengukurannya.
1.4.2 Set-up PengukurandanPengambilan Data
Pada set up pengukuran,peralatan yang digunakanadalah1 buah
laptop sebagai display pengukuran, 1 buah antenna
seabagaipenerimasinyaltelevisi digital, 1 buahspektrum analyzer
dengantipe FSH-3 yang memiliki range kerja 100 KHz – 3
GHzsebagaialatukur, 1 buahset top box sebagai receiver sinyal
digital
darisistem
DVB-T,
1
buahkabel
coaxial
sebagaipenghubungantaraantenadengan set top box dan set top
box
denganspektrum
analyzer.
Pengambilan
data
pengukurandilakukan
di
sejumlahtitik
yang
telahditentukandenganstarting pointberadapadapadajarak 0 meter
dariantenapemancar DVB-T.
1.4.3 Pengolahan Data
Pengolahan
data
pengukuranmenggunakan
software
untukmendapatkannilaienergi per bit noise density (
)dan
bit error rate (BER) berdasarkannilaiCarrier to noise ratio (C/N)
sesuaidengantitiktitikpengujian
yang
akanmenghasilkangrafikperbandinganperformansiantara
denganBER.
1.4.4 AnalisaData
Menganalisahasil data yang telahdiperoleh dari pengukurandan
perhitungansehinggadapatdiketahuiperformansidarisistem DVBT existing.
1.4.5 Kesimpulandan Saran
Membuatkesimpulandan saran dari data yang diperoleh.
4. 4
1.5
SistematikaPembahasan
Sistematikapembahasan
bukulaporanproyekakhirini
akandibahassebagaiberikut :
yang
akandiuraikandalam
terbagidalambab-bab
yang
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
Bab
iniberisitentanglatarbelakang,
permasalahandanbatasanmasalah,
sertasistematikapembahasan.
tujuan
,
metodologi,
BAB IITEORI PENUNJANG
Bab
iniberisimengenaiteoritentangstandartelevisi
DVB-T berdasarkan ETSI 10074.
digital
BAB IIIPENGUKURAN DATA
Bab
inimenjelaskanmengenaitahap–tahappengukuran,
skenariopengukuran yang dilakukandanperalatan yang
digunkanuntukmendapatkan data pengukuran.
BAB IVPENGOLAHAN DAN ANALISA DATA
Bab
inimenyajikanmengenai
hasil
data
pengukurandananalisaperformansisistem
DVB-T
berdasarkangrafikperbandinganilai BER dengan carrier to
noise ratio, analisa perhitungan carrier to noise ratio,energi
per bit noise dan bit error rate.
BAB V
PENUTUP
Bab
iniberisikesimpulandarikeseluruhanpembuatanproyekakhirini
dan saran untukpengembanganselanjutnya.