asthma ppt

1. Asthma
Overview, Causes, Symptoms, and
Management

2. Introduction
• • Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of
the airways.
• • It causes recurrent episodes of wheezing,
breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing.
• • Airway obstruction is reversible, either
spontaneously or with treatment.

3. Causes and Risk Factors
• • Genetic predisposition
• • Environmental triggers (dust, pollen, smoke)
• • Respiratory infections
• • Allergens and occupational exposures
• • Lifestyle factors (obesity, stress)

4. Pathophysiology
• • Airway inflammation
• • Hyperresponsiveness of bronchial tubes
• • Increased mucus production
• • Narrowing of airways leading to obstruction

5. Symptoms
• • Wheezing
• • Shortness of breath
• • Chest tightness
• • Chronic cough
• • Symptoms often worsen at night or early
morning

6. Diagnosis
• • Clinical history and physical examination
• • Pulmonary function tests (spirometry)
• • Peak expiratory flow monitoring
• • Allergy testing
• • Response to bronchodilators

7. Management
• • Avoidance of triggers
• • Medications:
• - Relievers (short-acting beta-agonists)
• - Controllers (inhaled corticosteroids,
leukotriene modifiers)
• • Patient education and self-management
• • Regular follow-up and monitoring

8. Complications
• • Severe asthma attacks
• • Respiratory failure
• • Reduced quality of life
• • Side effects from long-term medication use

9. Conclusion
• • Asthma is a common but manageable
chronic disease.
• • Early diagnosis and proper treatment
improve quality of life.
• • Patient awareness and adherence to therapy
are key to control.