Land water food nexus

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Assignment on
Land, Water, Environment
and Food Nexus
Submitted By
Ravi Prasad Chaudhary
M.Sc. in Land & Water Engineering
078LWE004
Submitted To
Ass. Prof. Tirtha Karki
Department of Agricultural Engineering
I.O.E Purwanchal Campus

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Land & Water Security
Land Security
 Ensuring land resources are protected and
used sustainably, providing food, shelter, and
livelihoods for people.
 providing food, shelter, and livelihoods for
people, while also preserving biodiversity
and ecosystem services
 Land degradation, deforestation,
urbanization, and climate change lead to soil
erosion, loss of biodiversity, and reduced
agricultural productivity.
Availability and accessibility of these resources
for human use and environmental sustainability.
Water Security
 Ensuring access to clean drinking water,
supporting agricultural irrigation, and
protecting aquatic ecosystems
 Refers to the availability of sufficient, safe,
and reliable water resources for human use
and ecosystem needs
 Pollution, overuse, climate change, and
inefficient management of water resources
leads to water scarcity, water pollution, and
access to safe drinking water.

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Major causes in land and water use conflict &
instability
Causes
Climate change
Land tenure issues
Poor management
of water resources
Unsustainable land
use practices
Competition for
resources

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 Competition for resources: As the world's population continues to grow, competition for land
and water resources increases. This can lead to conflicts between different groups, such as
farmers, herders, and urban residents, who all rely on the same resources.
 Unsustainable land use practices: Unsustainable land use practices, such as deforestation,
overgrazing, and intensive agriculture, can lead to land degradation and soil erosion, which can
reduce the availability of water and other resources. This can exacerbate conflicts over resources,
as people may compete for dwindling supplies of water and fertile land.
 Climate change: Climate change is causing more frequent and severe droughts, floods, and other
extreme weather events, which can disrupt land and water use patterns and exacerbate conflicts.
For example, droughts can reduce water availability for irrigation and domestic use, while floods
can damage crops and infrastructure.
 Land tenure issues: Land tenure issues, such as insecure land rights and unclear land ownership,
can lead to conflicts over land use and access to resources. This can be especially problematic in
areas with weak governance structures, where powerful individuals or groups may seek to
monopolize land and water resources for their own benefit.
 Poor management of water resources: Poor management of water resources, such as over-
extraction of groundwater, can lead to conflicts between different water users, such as farmers and
urban residents. In addition, inadequate sanitation and wastewater treatment can lead to water
pollution, which can further exacerbate conflicts over water resources.

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Major Factors of land and water use conflict &
instability
Factors
Climate change
Population
growth and
urbanization
Political
instability and
weak governance
Agricultural
practices
Industrialization

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 Population growth and urbanization: As populations grow and urban areas expand, there is
increased demand for land and water resources, which can lead to competition and conflicts
between different users.
 Agricultural practices: Intensive farming practices, such as monoculture and heavy use of
pesticides and fertilizers, can lead to land degradation, soil erosion, and water pollution,
reducing the availability and quality of land and water resources.
 Climate change: Changes in weather patterns and extreme weather events, such as droughts
and floods, can affect land and water availability and quality, exacerbating competition and
conflicts between users.
 Industrialization: Industrial activities, such as mining and oil and gas extraction, can lead to
land and water pollution, reducing their availability and quality and impacting the health and
livelihoods of nearby communities.
 Land use changes: Changes in land use, such as deforestation, urbanization, and land
conversion for agriculture, can lead to habitat loss, soil erosion, and reduced water availability,
impacting both human and ecosystem health.
 Political instability and weak governance: Weak governance and political instability can lead
to conflicts over land and water resources, particularly in areas where access and control over
resources is disputed or unclear.

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Trans-boundary dynamics
The interactions and relationships between different entities, whether they be individuals,
communities, or nations, that cross geographic or political boundaries.
 TBDs can refer to any type of interaction that crosses a boundary, including economic,
social, cultural, and political interactions.
 The nature of TBDs can vary greatly depending on the context, including the nature of the
boundary, the cultural and historical context of the entities involved, and the goals and
motivations of those involved.
 Can have both positive and negative impacts, depending on the nature of the interaction and
the perspectives of those involved. For example, a positive trans-boundary dynamic might
involve cross-border collaboration to address a common environmental or social issue,
while a negative trans-boundary dynamic might involve conflict over resources or territory.
 Can be influenced by a range of factors, including government policies, economic
incentives, social and cultural norms, and technological developments.
 Effective management requires a deep understanding of the complexities involved, as well
as a commitment to building trust and fostering collaboration across boundaries.
 In recent years, the concept TBD has become increasingly important as globalization and
technological advances have made it easier for people and communities to connect and
interact across geographic and political boundaries.

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