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TEORI KAUNSELING BEHAVIORISME


Behavioral Approch atau pendekatan ketingkahlakuan dalam kaunseling
mempunyai sejarah daripada tiga komponen ;


Komponen Pertama       -        Pelaziman Klasikal
Komponen Kedua         -       Perlaziman Operan
Komponen ketiga        -       Terapi Tingkahlaku kognitif
Komponen Pertama
        - Prinsip Pelaziman Klasikal/Pelaziman Responden


Diasaskan dari kajian Parlor (1960) dan Hul (1943)
John B.Watson menggunakan prinsip Parlor ini dalam eksperimen
 ke atas Little Albert.


                                                        Terperanjat dan rasa
   Bunyi loceng kuat                Tikus Putih
                                                               takut
(ransangan tak terlazim)       (ransangan terlazim)
                           +                          (responden terterlazim)



 Ini membuktikan emosi seseorang boleh dipelajari/diubah menggunakan
  prinsip pembelajaran.
Komponen Kedua – Pelaziman Operan

 Diasaskan oleh B.F.Skinner (1953)
Peneguhan – Peneguhan adalah sesuatu yang memungkinkan sesuatu
 tingkah laku itu diulang kerana ada unsur keselesaan atau rasa senang.

        Peneguhan

             Positif    Cth : hadiah, pujian, dll
                              - Menguatkan ulangan tingkah laku
            Negetif     Cth : hukuman, pelupusan, dll
                              - Mengurangkan tingkah laku berulang

Penggunaan prinsip pelaziman operan sebagai satu teknik mengubah
 tingkah laku seseorang dinamakan teknik modifikasi tingkah laku
Komponen Ketiga – Terapi tingkahlaku kognitif/
              Cognitive Behaviour Therapy.


Dikenali terapi kerana gabungan daripada dua aliran pemikiran berbeza iaitu
 pendekatan yang berunsur ketingkahlakuan dan kedua berunsur kognitif

                                        Tingkah laku

       Terapi tingkah laku
            kognitif

                                         Cara berfikir

Kita tidak dapat menjelaskan kejadian atau tingkahlaku manusia dari
 perspktif ketingkahlakuan sahaja, tetapi kita perlu juga mengambil kira
 proses pemikiran.

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Assign bk

  • 1. TEORI KAUNSELING BEHAVIORISME Behavioral Approch atau pendekatan ketingkahlakuan dalam kaunseling mempunyai sejarah daripada tiga komponen ; Komponen Pertama - Pelaziman Klasikal Komponen Kedua - Perlaziman Operan Komponen ketiga - Terapi Tingkahlaku kognitif
  • 2. Komponen Pertama - Prinsip Pelaziman Klasikal/Pelaziman Responden Diasaskan dari kajian Parlor (1960) dan Hul (1943) John B.Watson menggunakan prinsip Parlor ini dalam eksperimen ke atas Little Albert. Terperanjat dan rasa Bunyi loceng kuat Tikus Putih takut (ransangan tak terlazim) (ransangan terlazim) + (responden terterlazim) Ini membuktikan emosi seseorang boleh dipelajari/diubah menggunakan prinsip pembelajaran.
  • 3. Komponen Kedua – Pelaziman Operan  Diasaskan oleh B.F.Skinner (1953) Peneguhan – Peneguhan adalah sesuatu yang memungkinkan sesuatu tingkah laku itu diulang kerana ada unsur keselesaan atau rasa senang. Peneguhan Positif Cth : hadiah, pujian, dll - Menguatkan ulangan tingkah laku Negetif Cth : hukuman, pelupusan, dll - Mengurangkan tingkah laku berulang Penggunaan prinsip pelaziman operan sebagai satu teknik mengubah tingkah laku seseorang dinamakan teknik modifikasi tingkah laku
  • 4. Komponen Ketiga – Terapi tingkahlaku kognitif/ Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. Dikenali terapi kerana gabungan daripada dua aliran pemikiran berbeza iaitu pendekatan yang berunsur ketingkahlakuan dan kedua berunsur kognitif Tingkah laku Terapi tingkah laku kognitif Cara berfikir Kita tidak dapat menjelaskan kejadian atau tingkahlaku manusia dari perspktif ketingkahlakuan sahaja, tetapi kita perlu juga mengambil kira proses pemikiran.