This document discusses arrays in the C programming language. It defines arrays as collections of similar data elements stored in consecutive memory locations referenced by an index. The document outlines three types of arrays: single dimensional, two dimensional, and multi-dimensional. Single dimensional arrays are like lists, two dimensional arrays are like tables with rows and columns, and multi-dimensional arrays can have more than two dimensions. The document provides examples of declaring, initializing, and performing operations on arrays in C code.

1. ARRAYS IN C LANGUAGE

2. Aditya Silver Oak Institute of Technology
• Name : Surbhi R Yadav
• Branch : Computer Engineering
• Enroll. No.: 141200107065
• Subject Name : Computer Programming and
Utilization
• Date : 03/03/2015

3. Contents
• Need of an Arrays
• Introduction
• Types of Arrays
• Single dimensional Arrays
• Two dimensional Arrays
• Multi-dimensional Arrays

4. Need of an Array
• Till now, we have been storing data in simple
variables.
• Although storing data of a large number of
people is quite difficult with the process we use
still.
• To store this large data, the developers
developed the concept of arrays in C language

5. Introduction
• An array is a collection of similar data elements
with same data type
• The elements of the array are stored in
consecutive memory locations and are
referenced by an index.
• Index indicates an ordinal number of the
elements counted from beginning of the array.

6. Some examples where the concept of the array can be
used are :
• List of temperatures recorded on every day of month
• List of employees in a company
• List of students in a class
• List of products sold
• List of customers
Arrays are of three types :
• Single dimensional Array
• Two-dimensional Array
• Multi-dimensional Array

7. Single dimensional Array
• The one dimensional array or single dimensional
array in C language is the simplest type of array
that contains only one row for storing data.
• One dimensional array is like a list of some
items, which can be stored by using only one
dimension.

8. Declaration of Array
• An array must be declared before being used
• Declaring an array means specifying three things
o Data type-what kind of values it can store, like
int, char, float, double
oName-to identify the array
oSize-the maximum number of values that array
can hold
oSyntax : datatype variablename[size] ;
oEx : int marks[10];

9. Initialization of Arrays
• Elements of the array can also be initialized at
the time of declaration as in the case of every
variable.
• Arrays are initialized as :
datatype array_name[size]={list of values};
Ex : int a[5]={90,82,78,95,88};
a[0] a[1] a[2] a[3] a[4]
90 82 78 95 88

10. Operations that can be performed on
Arrays
There are number of operations that can be
performed on arrays. These operations include :
• Transversal
• Insertion
• Search
• Deletion
• Merging
• Sorting

11. Example of One Dimensional Array
• /*Write a program to get n numbers and find out sum and average of numbers*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[10]; //array of size 10
int i,n;
float avg,sum=0;
clrscr();
printf(“Give the values of n”);
scanf(“%d”,&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf(“Give numbern”);
scanf(“%d”,&a[i]);
sum=sum+a[i];
}
avg=sum/n;
printf(“Array elements are :n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf(“nSum=%f Average= %6.2fn”,sum, avg);
}

12. Two Dimensional Array
• If one dimensional array is like a list, two
dimensional array is like a table.
• A two dimensional array is specified using two
index where one denotes row and another one
denotes column.
• C considers the two dimensional array as an
array of a one dimensional array.

13. Declaration of Two Dimensional Array
• Similar to one dimensional arrays, two
dimensional arrays must be declared before
being used.
• A two dimensional array is declared as :
data_type array_name[rowsize][columnsize];
Ex :
int marks[3][5];

14. Initialization of Two-Dimensional Array
• A two-dimensional array is initialized in the same
way as a one-dimensional array.
• Ex : int a[2][3] = {90,87,78,68,62,71};
or
int a[2][3] = {{90,87,78},{68,62,71}};
a[0][0] a[0][1] a[0][2]
90 87 78
68 62 71
a[1][0] a[1][1] a[1][2]

15. • /*Write a program to read 3*3 matrix and find maximum number*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int a[3][3],i,j,max;
clrscr();
printf(“How matrix row wisen”);
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf(“a[%d][%d]= “,i,j);
scanf(“%d”,&[i][j]);
}
printf(“n”);
}
max=a[0][0];
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(j=o;j<3;j++)
{
if(max<a[i][j])
max=a[i][j];
}
}
printf(“Max number is = %d”,max);
getch();
}

16. Multi-dimensional Array
• In general, we can have n-dimensional array.
• If n>=2, then we call that array as multi-
dimensional array. For example, suppose we
want to store 5 students marks information for
two different exams carried out in the term for 4
different subjects, this data can be stored by
using 3-dimensional array like,
int marks[5][2][4];