The document summarizes key findings from research comparing telecommunications reforms in India and China. Some main points: - Both countries saw large performance gains from privatization and competition reforms, with India seeing greater effects from full privatization compared to China which did not privatize. - India experienced faster network expansion and productivity improvements after reforms, while competition complemented and limited the market power of privatized operators. - China's reforms through state-owned entities led to infrastructure growth but reforms may yield greater benefits if privatization was allowed, according to foreign investors. - Overall, research found privatization works best when good market institutions are in place and that competition can complement privatization in delivering benefits.