CBD bath bombs could be a big market for fibromyalgia, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/are-cbd-bath-bombs-great-for-fibromyaliga-and-sleep-disorders
Is Weed Causing People to Leave Their Religion?Cannabis News
Religion and people using cannabis, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/the-great-exodus-from-organized-religion-is-cannabis-playing-a-key-role
Should We Put Social Justice and Cannabis Reform Together Anymore?Cannabis News
Is social justice and cannabis reform working, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/is-mixing-social-justice-with-marijuana-reform-doing-more-harm-than-good-right-now
Is Weed Causing People to Leave Their Religion?Cannabis News
Religion and people using cannabis, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/the-great-exodus-from-organized-religion-is-cannabis-playing-a-key-role
Should We Put Social Justice and Cannabis Reform Together Anymore?Cannabis News
Is social justice and cannabis reform working, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/is-mixing-social-justice-with-marijuana-reform-doing-more-harm-than-good-right-now
Do Marijuana Users Need More Drugs During Endoscopies and Colonoscopies?Cannabis News
Yes, they do on MAC scores, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/medical/whats-your-mac-score-why-cannabis-users-need-stronger-sedation-drugs-for-colonoscopies-and-endo
Can the Cannabis Industry Lead the Way on Water Issues in the World?Cannabis News
The marijuana industry to the rescue, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/how-the-cannabis-industrys-technology-could-help-solve-the-worlds-water-problems
The Conscious Cannabis Consumer Through the Lens of Psychologist Ken WilberCannabis News
Yes, he can look at weed, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/the-stages-of-the-conscious-cannabis-consumer-through-the-lens-of-psychologist-ken-wilber
Did Evolution Happen Due to Apes Eating Magic Mushrooms?Cannabis News
The Stoned Ape Theory of Evolution explained, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/did-apes-evolve-into-humans-because-they-ate-magic-mushrooms-the-stoned-ape-theory-of-evolution
The history of marijuana and racism, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/if-you-think-the-word-marijuana-is-racist-does-that-make-you-a-racist-too
New Political Ads Feature Weed Smoking Politicians?Cannabis News
Yes, we are smoking cannabis to get elected now, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/news/politicians-smoking-weed-to-get-elected-the-cool-new-trend-in-appealing-to-voters
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Musk on Twitter, read more https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/ganja-theories-elon-musk-buying-twitter-signals-a-shift-in-the-laws-of-polarity-and-woke-cultur
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DISSERTATION on NEW DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF DRUG DISCOVERYNEHA GUPTA
The process of drug discovery and development is a complex and multi-step endeavor aimed at bringing new pharmaceutical drugs to market. It begins with identifying and validating a biological target, such as a protein, gene, or RNA, that is associated with a disease. This step involves understanding the target's role in the disease and confirming that modulating it can have therapeutic effects. The next stage, hit identification, employs high-throughput screening (HTS) and other methods to find compounds that interact with the target. Computational techniques may also be used to identify potential hits from large compound libraries.
Following hit identification, the hits are optimized to improve their efficacy, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties, resulting in lead compounds. These leads undergo further refinement to enhance their potency, reduce toxicity, and improve drug-like characteristics, creating drug candidates suitable for preclinical testing. In the preclinical development phase, drug candidates are tested in vitro (in cell cultures) and in vivo (in animal models) to evaluate their safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Toxicology studies are conducted to assess potential risks.
Before clinical trials can begin, an Investigational New Drug (IND) application must be submitted to regulatory authorities. This application includes data from preclinical studies and plans for clinical trials. Clinical development involves human trials in three phases: Phase I tests the drug's safety and dosage in a small group of healthy volunteers, Phase II assesses the drug's efficacy and side effects in a larger group of patients with the target disease, and Phase III confirms the drug's efficacy and monitors adverse reactions in a large population, often compared to existing treatments.
After successful clinical trials, a New Drug Application (NDA) is submitted to regulatory authorities for approval, including all data from preclinical and clinical studies, as well as proposed labeling and manufacturing information. Regulatory authorities then review the NDA to ensure the drug is safe, effective, and of high quality, potentially requiring additional studies. Finally, after a drug is approved and marketed, it undergoes post-marketing surveillance, which includes continuous monitoring for long-term safety and effectiveness, pharmacovigilance, and reporting of any adverse effects.
Do Marijuana Users Need More Drugs During Endoscopies and Colonoscopies?Cannabis News
Yes, they do on MAC scores, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/medical/whats-your-mac-score-why-cannabis-users-need-stronger-sedation-drugs-for-colonoscopies-and-endo
Can the Cannabis Industry Lead the Way on Water Issues in the World?Cannabis News
The marijuana industry to the rescue, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/how-the-cannabis-industrys-technology-could-help-solve-the-worlds-water-problems
The Conscious Cannabis Consumer Through the Lens of Psychologist Ken WilberCannabis News
Yes, he can look at weed, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/the-stages-of-the-conscious-cannabis-consumer-through-the-lens-of-psychologist-ken-wilber
Did Evolution Happen Due to Apes Eating Magic Mushrooms?Cannabis News
The Stoned Ape Theory of Evolution explained, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/did-apes-evolve-into-humans-because-they-ate-magic-mushrooms-the-stoned-ape-theory-of-evolution
The history of marijuana and racism, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/if-you-think-the-word-marijuana-is-racist-does-that-make-you-a-racist-too
New Political Ads Feature Weed Smoking Politicians?Cannabis News
Yes, we are smoking cannabis to get elected now, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/news/politicians-smoking-weed-to-get-elected-the-cool-new-trend-in-appealing-to-voters
Elon Musk Buying Twitter and the Woke Culture BacklashCannabis News
Musk on Twitter, read more https://cannabis.net/blog/opinion/ganja-theories-elon-musk-buying-twitter-signals-a-shift-in-the-laws-of-polarity-and-woke-cultur
Louisiana Legalizes Marijuana But Wants to Lock Kids Up for ItCannabis News
What is Louisiana doing, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/news/no-jail-time-for-weed-possession-in-louisiana-unless-you-are-a-kid-then-we-will-lock-you-up
DISSERTATION on NEW DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT STAGES OF DRUG DISCOVERYNEHA GUPTA
The process of drug discovery and development is a complex and multi-step endeavor aimed at bringing new pharmaceutical drugs to market. It begins with identifying and validating a biological target, such as a protein, gene, or RNA, that is associated with a disease. This step involves understanding the target's role in the disease and confirming that modulating it can have therapeutic effects. The next stage, hit identification, employs high-throughput screening (HTS) and other methods to find compounds that interact with the target. Computational techniques may also be used to identify potential hits from large compound libraries.
Following hit identification, the hits are optimized to improve their efficacy, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic properties, resulting in lead compounds. These leads undergo further refinement to enhance their potency, reduce toxicity, and improve drug-like characteristics, creating drug candidates suitable for preclinical testing. In the preclinical development phase, drug candidates are tested in vitro (in cell cultures) and in vivo (in animal models) to evaluate their safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. Toxicology studies are conducted to assess potential risks.
Before clinical trials can begin, an Investigational New Drug (IND) application must be submitted to regulatory authorities. This application includes data from preclinical studies and plans for clinical trials. Clinical development involves human trials in three phases: Phase I tests the drug's safety and dosage in a small group of healthy volunteers, Phase II assesses the drug's efficacy and side effects in a larger group of patients with the target disease, and Phase III confirms the drug's efficacy and monitors adverse reactions in a large population, often compared to existing treatments.
After successful clinical trials, a New Drug Application (NDA) is submitted to regulatory authorities for approval, including all data from preclinical and clinical studies, as well as proposed labeling and manufacturing information. Regulatory authorities then review the NDA to ensure the drug is safe, effective, and of high quality, potentially requiring additional studies. Finally, after a drug is approved and marketed, it undergoes post-marketing surveillance, which includes continuous monitoring for long-term safety and effectiveness, pharmacovigilance, and reporting of any adverse effects.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
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Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).