This a reflection of all of the work I have done this semester from the course American Design and Diversity.

1. University at Buffalo – State University of New York
ARC 211 - American Diversity and Design
Spring 2017
Online Discussion Questions
Stephanie Latko
http://idsgn.org/images/typographic-­‐diversity/diversity__full.png

2. This class helped me to be more critical of seemingly everyday and mundane
objects and realize how impressive the designs are. This class allows me to view
design in a new way and appreciate the effort and planning that goes into good
design. I have been able to appreciate the time the designers spent researching
and implementing their design ideas into a finished work. I never knew how much
information was actually needed to follow through on a design. Now when I see a
good design, I look beyond the fact that it is aesthetically pleasing and think about
and appreciate the time, effort and planning that I know went on behind the
scenes.
Stephanie Latko

3.
Response to "What is design?" from Hello World
On “What is design?” from Hello World: Where Design Meets Life by Alice Rawsthron
The author opened her chapter with the example of Ying Zheng, the ruler of the Qin empire, one of the most powerful and enduring empires I the history of
China. She explained how design innovation contributed to Ying Zheng’s success. For example, in the development of weaponry, he resolved many problems
by standardizing parts, and this single innovation gave his armies great advantage over other armies.
For this discussion, let’s move away from 246 B.C. China, and into the U.S. Describe an innovation or invention (can be current or historical) that gave
advantage to a group of people in the U.S. or to the population as a whole. What were the social impacts of this innovation? Were any groups negatively
impacted by this innovation? For example, the telegraph, developed and patented in the United States in 1837 by Samuel Morse, permitted people and
commerce to transmit messages across both continents and oceans almost instantly, with widespread social and economic impacts. This heightened
communication speed allowed business persons to make decisions with up-to-date information, often resulting in big profits. Those without access had to
rely on out-dated information, which put them at a disadvantage.
I believe that one of the most amazing and useful inventions was Gutenberg's Printing Press. The idea of being able to print ink on a form of paper and have it mass
produced was huge for everyone. News could now be distributed to everyone more efficiently and in physical form. This invention also led to the printing of the bible and
now more people could have the teachings of the bible right in their hand and this was a really important step in the right direction for the religion and the printing press.
Although the printing press was providing printed news for people and that was its main job, it was also an art form. Working with ink to compose something on paper that
had perfect spacing and was legible is not an easy job. I think that print making is an incredible medium to work in and that it is a lost art. With most of our world moving
towards technology, people forget the process and how artistic it is. Today, artists still use printing presses to make many works of art including musical posters which we
see all the time!
This past summer, I had the chance to visit Hatch Show Print which is located in Nashville Tennessee. They showed us the process they go through just to do one print
and how it all started with the printing press that made our newspapers and then how it changed to the work they do today. Most of what they do is concert posters which
we have probably seen many times but we just don't realize. As an artist myself, I am really interested in this lost art and I am lucky enough to personally get to work with
the presses all the time. This an invention that is important to many people all over the world and personally really important to me!
https://cdn-­‐images-­‐
1.medium.com/max/800/1*j9r0
bcEGMiUJE_F4tx_ksw.png

4.
Response to "Introduction" from Diversity and Design
On “Introduction” from Diversity and Design: Understanding Hidden Consequences
The editors state that “diverse participation in the design process, from both professionals and public citizens alike, yields more equitable results.” This
makes sense, but typically has not been the case. Nonetheless, many marginalized groups have impacted design in ways that have changed our visual and
physical worlds as well as our systems, policies, and institutions. For example, in the 1960s, disability rights advocates designed media events to raise
awareness about barriers in the physical environment. They persisted with their efforts for decades, and, finally, in 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act
became law. It mandated accessibility in public accommodations such as restaurants and stores, public transportation, communication, and other areas of
public life. This dramatically changed our physical environment (from curb cuts to ramps to automatic doors) and the results made public life more
equitable.
Now it’s your turn. Describe a design that was impacted by a diversity group. How and why did it change form and/or circumstances? (Note that a design
can be anything requiring planning and development prior to the production of an action, system, visual, material object, or environment. Also, keep in
mind that, for our purposes, a diversity group is a group of individuals who are underrepresented in society in some way—children, older adults, the
economically disadvantaged, those with cognitive disabilities, etc.)
I think that NFTA busses that have the bike racks on them are a design that impacted a lot of people. Specifically, they are helping people who may need to ride the
bus. Most of the people are riding the bus because they aren’t able to afford a car and this is their way of getting around. The people who don’t have cars most times
have a bike which is an even cheaper way to get around. Usually, people aren’t traveling far distances by bike so if they could bring their bike on the bus with them that
would be easier for them. Recently, I have seen more busses that have this rack on the outside of them. This design invites more people to be using the busses and
makes them much more versatile.

5.
Response to Media/Society Chapter and TED Talk on Photographs
Chapter in Media/Society and TED Talk Photos that Changed the World
Where would you place the images shown in Photos That Changed the World into Croteau and Hoynes' diagram entitled “Model of Media and the Social
World”? Identify a mass media photograph taken in your own lifetime that has served as an icon of an event. (Feel free to add an attachment.) What roles
does this photo play in the communication of the event?
The four categories that make up the diagram labeled "Model of Media and the Social World" are audience, technology, media industry and media message. These
make up our social world. The images that were shown in Photos That Changed the World, I would place in the media message category. Each of the pictures that were
shown told a story and like Jonthan Kein had said, they make people want to stand up and fight. Some of these images are hard to look at but it makes the viewer
aware and want to stand up and fight.
The photo I have attached is one from New Orleans, after Hurricane Katrina. A man is carrying a few clothing items while up to almost his knees in water in the street.
There are others in the photo struggling to gather the few things that have left. It is communicating the devastation of the people and New Orleans after this natural
disaster. The emotions on the people's faces and the dark colors in the photo help get this across. Because this photo is so clear and descriptive of the situation, it
allows an outside audience to obtain a greater sense of empathy towards the victims rather than just reading about the event.
https://ublearns.buffalo.e
du/courses/1/2171_14992
_COMB/db/_3566232_1/1
50827-­‐katrina-­‐business2-­‐
editorial.jpg

6.
Response to Articles on Hats as Communication Design
“Fashioning Protest for the Women’s March on Washington” and “The Worst Design of 2016 Was Also the Most Effective”
NOTE: Use the first three part of the SEE-IT method of critical thinking (State, Elaborate, Exemplify) to address the following questions:
Typically, we do not think of hats as elements of mass media or social media. However, the two hats (red and pink) discussed in the articles certainly have
taken on that role. Why are the two hats (red and pink) mentioned in the articles vehicles of communication design? What meanings do each of the two
hats carry? In terms of communication design, how are they similar? And how are they different from one another?
State It - The pink and red hats are strong designs that are used for communication. They are not just your everyday hats. They both have very strong and powerful
meanings that are each brining people together.
Elaborate - These hats are like a picture. They each have a story and strong meaning attached to them. When you see someone wearing a "Make America Great
Again" hat, you know that they agree with Trump's ideas and they are showing support. If you see someone wearing a pink hat, you would know that it represents
feminism and it is bringing people together to stand up for what they believe in. You know that they are supporting the Women's March.
Exemplify - Both of these hats are doing the same thing. Each bringing tons of people together to support a side. Something as small as these hats have such strong
symbols. For example, just the color of these hats identify with a side and hold much meaning, and they are strong designs.
https://images-­‐na.ssl-­‐images-­‐
amazon.com/images/I/71kCM
gvuOEL._UX385_.jpg

7.
Response to “Industrial Design” by John Heskett and "The Incredible Inventions of Intuitive AI" by Maurice Conti
In his chapter on industrial design (written in 1987), historian John Heskett claims that the methods of mass production introduced by Henry Ford in the U.S.
involved new concepts of the standardization and integration of the production line that were adopted across the world. With Ford’s method, work could be
completed by relatively unskilled workers; it was more efficient and with this method, products were made more quickly and cheaply than previously
possible. What were some of the social consequences of Ford’s production line? In other words, how did this system change our U.S. society? Do any of
those changes remain with us today? Now consider Maurice Conti’s TED Talk, and the predictions he makes about production. How do you think
manufacturing processes will change in the next twenty years? How do you think these changes will affect our U.S. society?
Henry Ford's assembly line was one of the most influential manufacturing systems that we are still using today and always improving. This way to manufacture made the
products cheaper. He was able to establish a system that took less time to make the products and then they were cheaper for the customers. Also, being able to make
the product faster meant that there were much more products being made. This rapid rate of production also meant that more products were accessible to the people.
Ford's original assembly line is the foundation for many manufacturing companies today. Manufacturers are always trying to optimize the production process and keep
prices low.
In his TED Talk, Maurice Conti spoke a lot about the manufacturing process will be changing in the near future. Humans will still be a part of the manufacturing process
but it will rely more on artificial intelligence. Humans now will just be supervising and there won't need to be as many working. The artificial intelligence will allow the
products to be more precise and consistent. The outcome of the products will be something greater than anything a human could have done on its own. Down the road, I
think that AI will take away a lot jobs from people but I also see a lot of positives to this new manufacturing process. I think that there will be many new innovations while
having humans and AI work together and the system will always be evolving. This increase in productivity will decrease prices for consumers and make factories more
efficient.
http://www.ford.ie/cs/B
lobServer?blobtable=Mu
ngoBlobs&blobcol=urlda
ta&blobwhere=1214323
086854&blobkey=id

8.
Response IDEA Awards and Cradle-to-Cradle Video
NOTE: Use the first three part of the SEE-IT method of critical thinking (State, Elaborate, Exemplify) to address the following questions:
Which of the 2016 IDEA Gold Award products seems to defy the Cradle-to-Cradle concept developed by architect William McDonough and chemist Dr.
Michael Braungart? How does this product resist or disregard the concept? Provide an example of any products that embrace Cradle-to-Cradle design,
please describe and cite your source(s).
The cradle to cradle concept is having all of the materials move in a continuous cycle. For a product to work in this concept the design would have to be well thought out
in the way where you could possibly take the product apart to make something new of it. It reminded me of a transformer. The main factor is for the materials to be
reusable and use renewable energy.
One of the IDEA award winning products was the Hubb Lifetime oil Filter. This product follows the cradle to cradle concept buy being a product that is reusable and has a
lifespan of 50 years. This product is versatile because it can be used in any kind of car or truck. Annually, 400 million oil filters in the United States alone are thrown away
and this new product can last for 50 years and to keep it in good shape you just have to make sure to clean it and the soap that is used is also biodegradable.
The Robin is a really cool product I think. It is the first phone to not run out of space, In today's world, that is huge! The phone is able to keep reusing its space to make
sure that that it doesn't run out which is like a cycle that would go with the cradle to cradle concept but it doesn't entirely fit with the concept. To keep on using the phone
you will continuously have to charge it which is powered by electricity which is using more energy. Also generally with cell phones, when one or more of the parts don't
work anymore, you can’t really do anything with them and they are just going to get thrown out. This resists the cradle to cradle concept.
https://www.google.com/url?sa
=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=i
mages&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwis
6cju4tTTAhVDWRQKHZ7tB3k
QjBwIBA&url=http%3A%2F%2
Fwww.pidc.org.tw%2Fzh-
tw%2Fnews%2FPublishingIma
ges%2FeDMImages%2F%25E
7%25B6%25A0%25E8%2589
%25B2%25E7%2592%25B0%
25E4%25BF%259D%25E5%2
5A0%25B1%2F105%2F105.05
%2F20160501.jpg&psig=AFQj
CNHHTEc_x4JTjumUP-
SzXTgBp8g4Uw&ust=1493936
922348481

9.
Response to All Module 4 Materials
Your readings and viewings this week present different ways of thinking about architecture. Mies Van der Rohe describes architecture as “The will of the
epoch translated into space.” Andrew Ballantyne describes architecture as the background for life. Jeanne Gang describes it as the act of building
relationships. All agree that architecture can change based on context and culture. Choose two works of architecture from any of your materials this week—
one with sensibilities about the past and one with sensibilities about the present and/or future. How do each of these buildings either reflect or challenge
their cultural contexts? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question.)
State it- There are a lot of architects and designers who have paved the way for others in design whether it be with designs that were significant in the past or ones that
might have more impact now or in the future. In the video "Buildings that Blend Nature and City" and the video "10 Buildings that Changed America" we see both of these
kinds of buildings and architecture.
Elaborate- In the video "Buildings that Blend Nature and City", Jeanne Gang shows us her modern take on architecture in 2009 with her building Aqua Tower. In the other
video, "10 Buildings that Changed America", it talks about H. H. Richardson and his designing of the Trinity Church in Boston MA in the 1800s.
Example- Jeanne focuses her building on the building of relationships and how she could use her style of architecture to let people be more interactive with each other.
Richardson's Romanesque design is what gave the church its sacred look and what the designs of many churches are based after today.
Infer- The Aqua tower being such a new design and idea, people had to adapt and get used to it. This design was helpful with that because it was comfortable living and
modern so the people were somewhat use to the new look of it. She introduced this new idea that guests could see each other from their balcony and interact. Jeanne
wanted the design to look friendlier and welcoming to the people as well and she achieved that. The Trinity Church was a place for worship. He had built the inside to be
shaped like a cross which was interesting but worked with the et of the design of the building. It worked for the people attending the church. Placement of the people was
important in this design.
Think deeper- The Aqua Tower showed how we have learned to work architecture into our everyday life and we are more aware of what is going on around us. This
http://www.newyorker.com/wp-
content/uploads/2010/02/100201_r19261_p646
-646-630.jpg

10.
Response to Ballantyne and Zumthor Articles
Andrew Ballantyne and Peter Zumthor present ideas about architecture that seem to value the sensorial and material elements of life. How are Ballantyne’s
and Zumthor’s viewpoints on architecture alike? More importantly, how do they differ? (Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question.)
State It: Both Zumthor and Ballantyne discuss ways in which architecture is more than just a work of art, and how its meaning and value transcend the artistic realm. They
take different approaches to this and each approach has its own value.
Elaborate: Zumthor focuses more on the stories involved with the architecture and how these stories shape both our memory of and the construction of these buildings.
Ballantyne brings to focus the daily interactions of people with the architecture through their daily habits. He claims that a piece of architecture becomes a part of our
habits becoming a part of our daily routine and we tend to focus less on the aesthetics aspects of it and more on the practicality of it.
Example: Zumthor explains his relationship with architecture as a series of little stories like his interactions with a door handle, "That door handle still seems to me like a
special sign of entry into a world of different moods and smells." He shows that these stories help to bring out the best attributes of a piece of architecture.
Ballantyne focuses on the things we tend to overlook. For example, for someone who uses the subway often, they tend to be so used to the atmosphere that it seems like
a boring place and an average event. For somebody who doesn't take the subway, they may be amazed at the construction and the attributes of the building because the
building is not a part of their habits.
Infer: Zumthor believes that architecture is created, shared, loved and hated through the stories that are intertwined in their existence. He knows that these stories in
combination with design can really have an impact on their perception. Ballantye believes that form should not necessarily go before function, as our interactions with the
architecture can form incredibly strong bonds that we subconsciously associate with the architecture we interact with.
Think Deeper: How do architects weigh these different points that these writings bring up? In a battle of form over function, which prevails? Is it possible to design
something that can convey a story without being obvious and outlandish? I think that everyone has their own opinion and that each architect will do what they believe.
https://www.appr
aisalbuzz.com/wp-­‐
content/uploads/2
015/08/Memory-­‐
Lane.jpg

11.
Response to Levy Article
John Levy’s article, “An Overview: The Need for Planning,” discussed ways in which planning can determine the characteristics of a place. For example,
some smaller towns restrict the heights of buildings to maintain a certain scale. How did planning define the character of the place in which you grew up?
In "An Overview: The Need for Planning" by John Levy he talks about interconnectedness and complexity. Interconnectedness is how we intend to use the land we
have to work with. For example, this could be what kinds of houses are planned to be built, the way the roads are paved or what business the area plans to bring in.
Complexity is separating planning as its own profession and as a separate act of government. When constructing a new place, there is a lot of time and complex
decision that have tot be made to make it be great!
I grew up right here in Buffalo NY! Buffalo had a lot of factories and was mainly a blue collar area. Because of this, most of the houses were built very close to the
city. The downtown area was where a lot of the big houses were built. Most of the neighborhoods in Buffalo have decent size houses and there are many schools so
there are actually a lot of different neighborhoods. I personally grew up in the Kenmore/Tonawanda area. Kenton is a close knit community just like Buffalo as a
whole. A lot of people are drawn to Buffalo because of Niagara Falls which is one of the seven wonders of the world. People are also drawn to the downtown area
because of all the entertainment. Buffalo is actually considered to be the "city of brotherly love". The way Buffalo was planned out really helped shape how it is today
and it is my favorite place I never want to leave!
https://i2.wp.com/i
mages.huffingtonpo
st.com/2014-­‐12-­‐12-­‐
BuffaloNYTheHerdR
eport.jpg

12.
https://userscontent2.emaze.com/images/52bd17bd-­‐c869-­‐493f-­‐ad64-­‐385bec48e122/94b1b4417b2c53f553c7d8fff7dfbb1c.jpeg
Response to Pruitt Igoe Project, Talen, and Larson
Imagine that you are part of a urban planning and design firm working with Emily Talen (author of “Design That Enables Diversity”) and Kent
Larson (who gave the TED Talk "Brilliant Designs to Fit More People In Every City" The thee of you have been tasked with developing a plan
to rebuild Pruitt Igoe in St. Louis. City officials told the three of you that that they want to do it right this time. Identify three strategies for
rebuilding Pruitt Igoe in ways that promise to be more successful. What would Talen do? What would Larson do? What would you do? How
would your strategies differ from those of the original urban planners/designers of the project? Why would your strategies be more effective?
Pruitt Igoe was built in St. Louis, Missouri and was trying to help fix the probably of not have affordable living. It was also trying to decrease
poverty in the slums. When it was built, there were nice buildings with green grass outside and it was an enjoyable place to be. It was affordable
and kept the city looking nicer. After a while the buildings became a place where there was a lot of crime and vandalism. Because of these
problems, the government had to get involved and decided to destroy the buildings.
If rebuilding of Pruitt Igoe were to take place, Kent Larson would be interested in how he could integrate new and advanced technology into the
living spaces to save space and energy. He would also be able to find ways to make the space much more functional. For example, he might
implement the idea of the walls being able to move creating different kinds of spaces or have certain household essentials like beds or tables be
able to be put back into the wall to free up more space. This would give the people more space to work with and really be able to have any space
they desire. Emily Talen would be worried about the diversity and would make sure that people of all kinds could come together to live in this
space. There would be no discrimination and each person would be accommodated as best they could. Making sure that there is a space for
everyone to be in is important and I think would decrease the crime and vandalism because everyone would have been thought of in the building
of these living spaces. If it were me building the Pruitt Igoe I would make sure that the buildings looked modern inviting. I think that curb appeal
is important and people generally would just want to be around the buildings more because it was a nice area to be in. If people actually want to be
around and it is a place for everyone, there would be less violence and make it a safer place. More relationships would be built and there would
more of a sense of community. I think that if any of these ideas were put into action when rebuilding Pruitt Igoe, it could be something really
amazing.
https://userscontent2.emaze.c
om/images/52bd17bd-­‐c869-­‐
493f-­‐ad64-­‐
385bec48e122/94b1b4417b2c
53f553c7d8fff7dfbb1c.jpeg

13.
Response to F.L. Olmsted
Displaying his plan at the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Frederick Law Olmsted stated that "Buffalo is the best planned city, as to
its streets, public places, and grounds, in the United States, if not in the world." What was the basis for this claim? Would Olmsted still make
that claim today? Why or why not?
Olmstead was very interested in building parks and though that Buffalo was the best planned area. He wanted to build many parks that you would
walk through and you would not know when you were onto the next park, it would just flow. He was also very influential on the area and
environment around Niagara Falls. Olmstead started by tearing down factories so there was a nice open free space for the people enjoy nature in.
The atmosphere that he had created all around Niagara Falls was supposed to be one that was beautiful and enjoyable before you even got to the
falls. He wanted the whole experience to be amazing. Today most people go right to the falls and then leave right away. The intent was to spend
time in the whole park and just look at it all. You were supposed to flow through it. People often don't acknowledge the environment around the
falls. Today Buffalo is much different that when Olmstead was around. Many of the parks had to be changed to accommodate all of the
people. Because of all the changes that have taken place I don't think he would have the same feeling about Buffalo being the best planned area. It
is not like he remembered it to be and doesn’t seem to be as well planned as back then.
http://www.riversid
eclassof1963.com/b
history/Delaware%2
0Park.jpg

14.
Response to Walter Hood's Work
Identify something that should be memorialized either on UB's campus or in your hometown. Imagine that you are the person who will oversee this project,
and that you are using Walter Hood's 'triad of investigations' as your approach to the project. What would your landscape intervention
commemorate/memorialize? How will you use Hood's 'triad of investigations' to design a new landscape intervention? What do you imagine that the design
will be? (Either written or visual descriptions are acceptable).
Here in Buffalo, I would memorialize the start of the use for the Erie Canal. The Erie Canal's main purpose is to connect the Finger Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. It was
used as a means of transportation for people and goods for trading. The Erie Canal helped this area prosper and become what it is today. This structure's main focus
would be to cover the commemoration section of Hood's 'Triad of investigation'. It would show and remember how the start of the use of the Erie Canal changed Buffalo
for the better and how it brought so many new things to the area. I would like to build something like a replica of one of the canal boats going up in the locks. Showing
people the way the Erie Canal worked and how it was bettering the area I think would be interesting. It is something that a lot of people don't think about but it is so
important to our area. That would capture the "everyday and mundane portion". The "life ways" part would be taken into consideration while building this memorial
because this in Buffalo we are a tight knit community. The people are a big part of what makes Buffalo so great and for everyone to be appreciate a piece of Buffalo
history that still lives on today is something that will help keeping Buffalo the kind of community that it is.
https://www.google.com/se
arch?q=lockport+locks+an
d+erie+canal+cruises&hl=
en&source=lnms&tbm=isc
h&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi7
5pO-
59TTAhXI4IMKHcAyC_cQ
_AUICygC&biw=1121&bih
=634#imgrc=ZJXNOUsb9
K8XGM:

15.
http:
http://www.usatwentyfour.com/wp-­‐content/uploads/2017/01/f-­‐40.jpg//www.usatwentyfour.com/wp-­‐content/uploads/2017/01/f-­‐40.jpg
Response to the Brookes
The abolitionist poster, the Brookes, is an iconic image that often is included in exhibits that explore issues of race and power. It was commissioned by
Thomas Clarkson in 1788, and the Committee of the Abolition of Slavery used it to inform and shock the public. While some consider the poster as an
important component of the abolitionist campaign, it recently “has been strongly criticized by some individuals and groups of African heritage as providing
a very limited view of the history of the transatlantic slave trade, resistance and abolition (Hudson 2007).” The lesson here is that how a viewer sees an
image is dependent upon his/her social, economic, and cultural position. Keeping this in mind, find another iconic graphic that addresses racial issues and
post it for others in your group to view. (Add it to your response by clicking on the picture in the tools section. Do not add it as an attachment that needs to
be opened.) How do you interpret the graphic? What is its meaning? Now imagine that someone from a racial and cultural background different than your
own is looking at the same graphic. Briefly describe this person. How might s/he interpret its meaning? How might this differ from your interpretation?
What are the possible reasons for these differences? (Consider the three assessment principles mentioned in the article to help you: a technology of vision,
an instrument of empathy, and a symbol of control.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less than 250 words.)
This painting was interpreted to be about the Ferguson protests following the shooting death of unarmed black teenager Michael Brown by a white police officer in
2014. I see this painting as a cartoon version of a protest that seemed to have gotten out of hand and police needed to step in with weapons. A police officer may see
this painting as offensive. It is a cartoon version of a scene that makes the officers look like they are the bad guys and aren't taken very seriously. I could see how this
might upset them and diminish their reputation. I don't take much offense looking at this painting because I don't feel like I am personally being made look bad. It is very
blunt with what it is talking about and that can be dangerous. This piece is freedom of expression which is the artist's right but because of the way the scene is
portrayed I see how it can be offensive.
http://www.usatwent
yfour.com/wp-­‐
content/uploads/2017
/01/f-­‐40.jpg

16.
Response to Charles Davis and equityXdesign's Work
Critique either the MLK Memorial or the National Museum of African American History and Culture using equityXdesign’s core beliefs and/or design
principles. (Use the beliefs or principles that are most relevant to your critique rather than all of them.) (NOTE: Limit your response to less than 250 words.)
The MLK Memorial was built in 2011 in Washington D.C. by Lei Yixin. Yixin had one the competition that was being held to find the best design for the memorial.
Charles Davis states the importance of the fact that historical context matters. The first thing that stands out to me is the material that used for this artwork. I think that
white stone comes across and pure and peaceful. Peace is what he wanted. We know what MLK was fighting for then and how his actions have gotten us where we are
today as a nation. Davis also talks about radical inclusion. The memorial represents how far we have come and reminds us to keep moving in the right direction. When
beginning to analyze design we have to remember that all people have a different background and will view things differently. This memorial was another positive step
in the right direction and stands for the equality that we should all be a part of. The MLK memorial is a piece of unity and will always stand for just that.
https://www.nps.gov/mlkm/learn/images/mlk-­‐panorama.jpg

17.
Response to "Landscape Stories" Chapter
First, let’s start with your own home. Describe a place in your home (indoors and/or outdoors) that you think of as representative of your own ethnic
background and discuss why you consider this place to be ‘ethnic’. –OR-- Describe an object in your home that you think of as representative of your ethnic
background and discuss why this object is considered to be ‘ethnic’. (If possible, add photo/s.) Is this object or place something that you will keep or
continue when you establish your own home? Why or why not?
Now let’s move into your community. In “Landscape Stories,” the authors show how landscape architects develop a historical narrative that sifts through
and interprets the culture and material of underrepresented groups. Think about the community where you grew up. Describe and discuss any evidence of
cultural influences on the physical environment in your community. If possible, describe evidence of the cultural influence of an underrepresented group. (If
possible, add photo/s.) Is this cultural influence being acknowledged or preserved from future generations? Why or why not? (Limit your response to 250
words.)
I am Polish, English, Syrian, French, and Russian. I currently live in what was my great grandparents’ house. My great grandma was Polish and my great grandpa was
English. There are two different places at my house that come to mind that are representative of my Polish and English background. The first is the addition that my great
grandparents made to their house. They added a sitting room with a big window where they could drink tea and look out at their land. The other is the backyard. My great
grandma grew up growing all of their own fruits and vegetables so at her own house she made sure she could still do that. Just like her parents did in Poland and like she
did growing up in Vermont.
Here in Buffalo, we have a lot of Polish, Italian and Irish cultural influence. The Broadway Market is something that is really big here in Buffalo. It showcases all kinds of
ethnic Polish foods and brings tons of people of all cultures together. We also have an Italian Festival that showcases all of the different traditional Italian foods. I think
that the cultural influence is and will be acknowledged by future generations. Many families participate in these festivals will keep these traditions like the Broadway
Market and the Italian Festival.
https://i1.wp.com/broadwa
yfillmorealive.org/2.0/wp-
content/uploads/2017/01/D
SCN0318.jpg?fit=600%2C
269

18.
Response to Article on Sports Branding
Recent controversies about sports branding focus on ethnicity. The Washington Redskins team is just one example of the larger controversy, but it
receives the most public attention due to the name itself being defined as derogatory or insulting in modern dictionaries, and the prominence of the team
representing the nation’s capital. Should sports team branding designers use ethnic references (Fighting Irish, Boston Celtics, Atlanta Braves, etc.)? Why?
Why not? What are some of the complexities of this issue? (Limit your response to 150 words.)
I don't think that branding designers working in sports should use ethnic references in the names of their teams. Doing this can be offensive and also how outsiders
might see the city. Sports teams are really big for a city and they don't want negative connotations associated with them. Sports teams should be a positive thing that
unites people. Teams don't mean to be offending anyone and most times they pick the name based off of the history of the area but today many people are offended by
the names and logos of teams like The Fighting Irish or Cleveland Indians. The established brands do not want to switch their branding because it is very expensive and
and detrimental to the team’s identity.
https://media.licdn.com/medi
a-
proxy/ext?w=800&h=800&ha
sh=DBNfkX8sYR2MlPd3Sf%
2F9nXU3xXE%3D&ora=1%2
CaFBCTXdkRmpGL2lvQUF
BPQ%2CxAVta9Er0Vinkhwfj
w8177yE41y87UNCVordEG
XyD3u0qYrdf3fvec7bf7DzuV
oQcCQclA0yLfKhQzXjD8e7L
oLnKNUk2ZTncY24ZxUBbFI
8lWxI

19.
Response to "Visualizing Gender" Chapter
In their chapter “Communicating Gender,” Maya Ganesh and Gabi Sobliye discuss two primary visual advocacy approaches: 1) get the idea, and 2)
stories in data. Find a new example of either of the two visual advocacy approaches to gender issues, and post it in this thread. Cite the source.
First, identify the approach. Then explain how the designer uses the approach to communicate a gender issue. Is the approach effective in this example?
Why or why not? How could this graphic be improved? (Limit your response to 200 words.)
I just want to say that I don't entirely agree with the message of this work. In my response I am just talking about what the artwork is saying.
This is a work of art that is part of a series of other posters by dealing with human rights and gender equality issues. In this piece, the approach that is being used is
"Get The Idea”. Just from looking at this poster, you can tell what it is saying right away. There is a line right down the middle indicating that there are two sides. There
are icons indicating that one side is referring to men and the other, women. The images help show that the sides are obviously different. One side looks much busier
than the other. The words at the top help you connect the images to a meaning. I think that the poster does a really good job getting the idea across. To me it is very
clear. Honestly I think that this poster could be changed to show more equality in gender rather than men seeming superior.
https://s-­‐media-­‐cache-­‐
ak0.pinimg.com/originals/2a/83/0d/2a8
30d7408319d7d4a7b11c4e8d4fb6b.jpg

20.
Response to Bathroom Bill
Last year, North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory signed into law a bill that repealed local LGBT anti-discrimination laws, and required people to use the
bathroom that corresponded with the biological gender written on their birth certificates. This prompted massive backlash. McCrory stated, “You know, we
all have to make adjustments in life. And we’ve had the proper etiquette situation for decades in our country, and all of a sudden through political
correctness we’re throwing away basic etiquette.” Just this past Thursday, the North Carolina General Assembly passed a bill to repeal the law while
placing a moratorium on nondiscrimination measures.
Should people be required to use the bathroom that corresponds with the biological gender written on their birth certificate? State why AND state why not.
In other words, to receive full credit for this question, you need to present an argument for both sides of the issue. As a designer, how would you solve this
gender dilemma? Use the SEE-IT method to respond to this question. (Limit your response to less than 250 words.)
State It: There is a lot of talk about the issue of gender and which bathrooms should be used by each gender. I think that there are reasons that people should be
required to use bathrooms that correspond with their gender. There are also reasons I think that they shouldn't have to.
Elaborate: It can make people uncomfortable to have someone who was born the opposite sex as them in their bathroom. On the other hand, the person who has
decided to be known as the opposite gender may feel uncomfortable using the bathroom of their previous gender. They would feel like they aren't accepted for who they
are.
Example: For example, it is not fair to make males be comfortable with a person who was born a female choosing to be referred to as male use the men’s bathroom.
Looking at it from a different point of view, the person who has decided to be known as the opposite gender should be able to feel comfortable and not have to hide who
they are.
Infer: I honestly don't lean towards one side over the other because I think that there are many reasons why both outcomes of the designs of the bathrooms are a good
idea. I think that the way new design regarding this issue has to be done very carefully if it is going to be done in public restrooms moving forward.
Think Deeper: I don't think that we should have just one kind of bathroom (gender neutral or gender specific). I think that options for everyone should be available.
Gender specific bathrooms should be kept but it would only help to add gender neutral ones also. This would be a step in the right direction.
https://i.embed.ly/1/display/resize?key=1
e6a1a1efdb011df84894040444cdc60&url
=http%3A%2F%2Fassets.nydailynews.c
om%2Fpolopoly_fs%2F1.1298267!%2Fi
mg%2FhttpImage%2Fimage.jpg_gen%2
Fderivatives%2Farticle_970%2F1072561
45.jpg&width=810

21.
Response to Hidden Ways
Author Steven Flusty categorized five types of disciplinary architecture that perpetuate what he calls urban spatial injustice: 1) stealthy, 2) slippery, 3)
crusty, 4) prickly, and 5) jittery. Go out into the city of Buffalo, and find/photograph two examples from the list of five. Identify what type of space you’ve
photographed and why it might discriminate against a specific population. Identify the location where you took the photographs, and make certain that you
are in at least one of the two photographs.
The first photo took is of Shoshone Park on Hertel Ave in Buffalo. This is an example of a the disciplinary architecture called stealthy space because specifically the
photo is of batting cages which are hidden behind the bathrooms in the park. To be able to see them, you would have to come through the back entrance of the park. To
get to the entrance you have to go past a dead end sign a little bit and then around the corner for the park to be revealed. This area could be discriminating against
athletic people or just people who want to use this equipment because it is so hard to find. Also, it has not been maintained at all so it doesn't look very nice.
The second picture I took is of a bench that is in front of CFA. This kind of architecture is prickly. This bench is meant to be used by students and staff of UB but has
been abandoned. It appears to have never really been that comfortable but over time it has deteriorated and become more uninviting to use. It seems to discriminate
against UB students and staff because it is almost preventing people from sitting on it because of how uninviting and uncomfortable it looks and is.
I
took
these
photos

22.
Response to People Like Us
After almost two decades of public assistance, Tammy Crabtree took herself and her family off the welfare rolls. But her job cleaning bathrooms at a local
Burger King barely paid the bills. Crabtree wanted to do better and hopes to go to college and become a teacher.
Imagine this scenario. You are a designer who works at the well-known firm, iPD (Integrated Planning and Design). You work on a team with planners,
urban designers, policy designers, architects, and social designers. You have been tasked to develop/design a way for Tammy Crabtree and her family
(and others with situations similar to Tammy’s) to move themselves out of poverty. What will your team do to help Tammy and her family achieve their
goals? What approach will your team take to address this difficult problem?
As an end result, my group and I are focused on steering Tammy and her family in the right direction and out of poverty. Getting a good education would be a really
big step in the right direction. My team would guide Tammy on researching which schools would be best for her. We would also help her fill out the correct paperwork
to receive some financial aid to help her out. Tammy could continue work while in school if she would like. It would be tough to be a full time student and have a job
but this way, she can still make some money while attending classes. Also, by obtaining a degree, so many more doors will be opening for Tammy. She will have the
opportunities to get higher paying jobs that offer better health benefits. Once Tammy starts making a steady income, we would provide ways for her to learn how to
budget her money. By doing this, Tammy and her family should be able to move to a better neighborhood. A lot of people that are living in poverty need guidance on
how to get back on their feet and really start to take some steps towards getting out of poverty. The plan put together by my team hopefully could help Tammy and
others in her situation get out of poverty.
https://userscontent2.emaz
e.com/images/b2652848-­‐
261c-­‐4658-­‐bdb3-­‐
db8bcb68a3ef/7b41cc69-­‐
c501-­‐4627-­‐b9ea-­‐
65f33d827771.png

23.
Response to Carroll Article: “(Re)forming Regent Park: When Policy Does Not Equal Practice”
The development of Regent Park is phased, and there are several more phases to the project. What actions could be taken to ensure more social integration
for the older people living in the ‘new and improved’ Regent Park?
To make sure there is more social integration for the older residents, many actions could be taken to take steps in the right direction. The senior building has 21 floors
and the only laundry is on the 7th floor making all of them have to go to that floor. Most of the seniors have a hard time moving around and this is just hard on them. Also,
the retail shops and market are 2 blocks away from the senior’s only building so it becomes inaccessible for some seniors due to their low mobility. It is hard for the
seniors to get out and do anything because everything is so far from them. At minimum they have to walk one city block to get anywhere. Making more of these shops
and stores closer to them would help get them out of their homes. Another idea that would help would be to have more space for urban gardening. This would help
connect the communities. Right now they have to bid on gardening lots and it kind of lost the community aspect. I think that there should be a strong planning committee
that organizes things like this or events where the seniors could get out and meet people that have similar interests as them. If events are planned and well thought out,
people will want to attend. These kinds of events could be a constant for the residents and it would be something that they could look forward to.
https://i.ytimg.com/vi
/3XEMb4iaZvI/sddefau
lt.jpg

24.
Response to Enriquez TED Talk: “What Will Humans Look Like in 100 Years?”
For this question, we will focus on Juan Enriquez’ Life Two civilization, which alters fundamental aspects of the body. We are living longer than
ever before in human history. Enriquez argues that, because of advances in bio-medical technology, the possibility of living to 120 years of age and
beyond is quite possible for many of us in this D+D class. Assuming that his assertion is accurate, how do you think extended life spans will change
our societies and built environments? What new issues might designers face because of extended life spans?
Juan Enrique talks about how it is actually unethical not to evolve the human body. He talks about the idea that humans may be able to live to be
120. This is amazing but there are many things we have to think about that go alone with humans being able to live much longer than they do now. I
believe that with a longer life expectancy our societies and built environments will change and designers also will have to adapt. The first thing that
we have to think about is population. The main thing that I was thinking about with people living longer is the population is going to increase.
Buildings will have to be built to accommodate more people or there will need to be more buildings. Something else I was thinking about is, there
will have to be much more food for everyone. We get a lot of food from our farmers and there will need to be more land and farmers to grow enough
food. If new buildings are being put up, that is land that could have been used for farms. The cities will be expanding and the farms won't. Another
issue that can be related to food supply or just general items is that products need to last longer. If people are living longer, products need to be able
to work for longer periods of time. Although living longer is a positive thing there can also be negative consequences as well as positive.
https://i1.wp.com/www.lu
xurytraveldiary.com/wp-
content/uploads/2015/06
/30_AndazTokyo_Revie
w.jpg?resize=350%2C20
0&ssl=1

25.
Response to PPT, Smithsonian, and Roy
The two most frequently mentioned models of disability are the ‘social’ and the ‘medical’ models. The medical model of disability views disability as a
medical ‘problem’ that belongs to the disabled individual. The social model of disability, in contrast, draws on the idea that it is society that disables people,
through designing everything to meet the needs of the majority of people who are not disabled. There is a recognition within the social model that there is a
great deal that society can do to reduce, and ultimately remove, some of these disabling barriers, and that this task is the responsibility of society, rather
than the disabled person.
In the Smithsonian online exhibition, the story about the superhero hand, and Elise Roy’s TED Talk, you saw examples of ways to engage disability that use
the social model rather than the medical model. In the Disability and Design PowerPoint, you were introduced to the concept of Universal Design (UD)
(sometimes called inclusive design, design-for-all, or human-centered design). Certainly, UD embraces the social model of disability. In this same
PowerPoint, you saw positive and negative examples of each of the seven principles of universal design.
For the Module 12 Thread 1, please select one of the seven universal design principles, and post photographs that show both a positive and a negative
example of the principle. Then address the following question: How do your examples empower or disempower various people? Describe the specific
features of the positive example and the specific features of the negative example. Discuss ways that the positive example could be even further improved.
I researched examples of the design principal, flexibility in use. This just means that the design accommodates a wide range of abilities and you have a choice of how you
would like to use the product.
The first photo I chose was a negative example of this design principal. This is just a regular desk that you might see in an office or in a home. Someone that would be
using this desk would have to be sitting the entire time they are using it. This desk is structured in a way where you would have to sit in that one space where your legs
would go under the desk and this can start to get uncomfortable or be a problem for some people. There are many people who have back problems and may not be able
to sit like this for long. There is no other way to work at this desk besides while sitting. There should be a way for people to be able to stand and work at the desk if sitting
for long periods of time is a problem.
The second photo I chose is the exact opposite of the first. This is a positive example of the flexibility in use design principal. This desk is able to be raised up to work at
while standing and it is able to be lowered so you can sit while using it. With this product, people of all abilities are able to use it. Also, this products gives you an option.
You can pick how you would like to use it. People like being able to use something in multiple ways.
http://quickwebrefs.c
om/wp-­‐
content/uploads/2017
/03/awesome-­‐idea-­‐
height-­‐adjustable-­‐
desk-­‐varidesk.jpg
https://s-­‐media-­‐
cache-­‐
ak0.pinimg.com/origin
als/d4/a0/a9/d4a0a9a
6b4892affeb5015d4d3
ff466e.jpg

26.
Response to Survey, FIXED, and Stelarc
Currently, we have the technology for you to choose many of the survey characteristics in your future child, and this ability to choose poses some ethical
questions. Of course, we all want the best for our own child. However, as we move into a more collective situation, we need to consider how the
consequences of majority choices for children might change who we are as a species.
In the film trailer FIXED, you were introduced to the dilemma of living in a culture in which the “science-fiction of human enhancement” has become almost a
way of life, from prenatal genetic screening to bionic body parts. In the video, “A Man with Three Ears” you are introduced to an artist who is using current
technology to move humans beyond their current abilities. Last week, Juan Enriquez asked us if it is ethical to evolve the human body. All of these videos
suggest that the concept of disability ‘as we know it’ could cease to exist in the future.
This leads us to this week’s discussion question:
What lessons do you think we should learn from history when thinking about emerging enhancement technologies and reproductive technologies? What are
some of the possible consequences (both positive and negative) of being able to design our bodies and the bodies of our children? What ethical quandaries
do these technologies pose?
When thinking about all of the new technologies, it helps to look back at history to learn from the past. There have been some instances where these adjustments to
humans have been looked at negatively due to the ethical morals so we have to think about how far is too far? On the other hand, there a number of positive historical
examples including bionic body parts and new innovations in regards to finding disease in unborn babies. When it comes to designing our own bodies as well as our
children's, this can be very helpful and necessary. It allows us to reduce and or eliminate possible disease. An ethical implication is that with these body enhancements,
we won't be worrying as much about disease because it can be caught so much earlier. Something else to think about is, if we are picking what our children are like,
there will be less diversity.
https://media.licdn.com/media-
proxy/ext?w=800&h=800&hash=IkzF
6pwbYBCDvbWFrFdkIv9ZwOE%3D
&ora=1%2CaFBCTXdkRmpGL2lvQU
FBPQ%2CxAVta9Er0UKvlhkf2xMv5
KCUoE219lQJRo3RTXfhRnb1pJHV
PjP2PIeDJuP150IUeC0HjwQ3YO-
oQTLiDMn8fA

27.
Response to Titicut Follies
The state of Massachusetts tried to ban the 1967 documentary Titicut Follies, arguing that director Frederick Wiseman had violated the patients’ rights by not
getting written permission to film them. The case went to court, and Wiseman argued that he had consent from their legal guardian, the institution. After a
judge ruled in favor of the state, the legal appeals carried on for several years: in 1969, Massachusetts allowed the film to be shown to doctors, lawyers, and
health care professionals; in 1991, a superior court judge ruled it could be released for the “general public,” as privacy concerns were no longer at issue, so
many years later.
Should Wiseman have been allowed to film the residents of Bridgewater Massachusetts Correctional Facility? Why or why not? How might this film be of
value to designers (communication designers, product, designers, architects, interior designers, planners, landscape designers, systems designers, and/or
social designers)? In other words, what might they gain from this film that they could use in their work?
I do not think that Wiseman should have been allowed to film the residents of the correctional facility. Although he technically had
permission, I think that he still should have gotten consent from the residents themselves. Wiseman filmed very personal parts of the
resident's lives and the treatment that they received. They were treated very unfairly and this was all on record. Wiseman wanted to show people
outside, what was happening and I completely understand that his intentions were good but I don't think that this video gave him the right image. He
could have done it differently.
From a different point of view, designers might see this film has helpful. Seeing the horrible conditions and how the patients acted in the
facility I think would get them thinking. From this film, designers could see where there needs to be improvement and how they can better the lives
of these residents. It would be great for the residents to have more privacy to do personal things or just to have their own space. I think this would
positively contribute to how they act and just make them feel safer and like they are being cared about. It is very stressful to go through what a lot of
these people had to go through let alone when you have a disability. Everyone deserves to be treated equally and with respect. Designers could play
huge roles in these people's lives.
https://friendsofjustice.files.wordpres
s.com/2015/07/norfolk-prison.jpg

28.
Prelude: Wolf Wolfensberger's seminal work "The Origin and Nature of Our Institutional Models" posited that society characterizes people with intellectual disabilities as
sub-human and burdens of charity, He argued that this dehumanization, and the segregated institutions that result from it, ignored the potential productive contributions
that all people can make to society. He pushed for a shift in policy and practice that recognized the human needs of those with intellectual challenges and provided the
same basic human rights as for the rest of the population.
The Scenario: Imagine that you and your four children live in Amherst, New York in a $650,000 home at the end of a cul-de-sac on the edge of a ten acre woods. The
town has purchased a one acre lot three houses away from yours, and plans to build a group home for ten intellectually challenged adults.
As a resident of the neighborhood, would you support or oppose this proposal and why?
You've learned additional information about the residents of the proposed group home in your neighborhood. In 2013, three of the ten intended residents exhibited
challenging behaviors including screaming, public masturbation, repetitive rocking, and echolalia (elective incontinence). However, these behaviors have not occurred
since then.
How would this change your opinion about the construction of the group home in your neighborhood?
The residents in your neighborhood voted (14-3) to reject the town of Amherst’s proposal to build a group home in the neighborhood. Town officials agreed that the home
would not be built in your neighborhood if you and your neighbors could develop a workable alternative.
What are some possible solutions that would allow the residents of the home to be provided with “the same basic human rights as the rest of the
population”?
I would oppose this proposal to build a group home in my neighborhood. After learning about the behaviors that might occur with some of the people, it would
make me nervous to live near this home. Having 4 children around these behaviors would also be problematic. Children shouldn't be around these kinds of actions and it
might be scary for them not knowing what is going on or why these adults are acting the way they are.
Although, these behaviors haven't occurred in the last few years, I still don't think I would support the initial proposal. I think that I could be risking my children's
safety as well as giving them the opportunity to develop wrong behaviors. Even though, I may not personally have an issue with it, you have to take into account other
factors such as property values.
A solution may be to move the group home to a property that still has the feeling of a neighborhood but has its own space. It might be better if the houses have a
good amount of land in between them just so families can have their own space and not have to worry about their children having any problems with any of the residents
of the group home. The adults in the home should not feel like they are different though and don't have the same rights. They still should have some freedom but also
caretakers to make sure they are safe. It is important to keep people safe and treating everyone as equals.
http://www.youthvillages.org/portals/
0/images/what_we_do/residential/gro
up_homes/Poplar_group_home.jpg

29.
Thread 1: Response to The Connection Between Religion and Urban Planning by David Engwicht
In his article, David Engwicht discusses the fact that religions (of all types) have played major roles in the development of our cities. Today, places of worship
are primary components of almost all urban centers. Author Lorne Daniel writes “From their often active role in supporting people who live in city centers to
their iconic influence on design and use of space, religious structures tell us a lot about our history, our current needs, and where we might be headed in the
future. This is an aspect of our urban future that planners and urbanists should attend to.”
Identify a place of worship with which you are somewhat familiar. (If you are not familiar with any places of worship, do a bit of research on one in your own
city or town.) Show a photograph of this religious structure. (You may use photographs from the web.) What roles has this place served in the development
of your city/town? How has it influenced the design of the area around it? How has its role changed over time? What roles could this place of worship play in
the future development of your city/town?
The place of Worship that I chose is The Chapel at Crosspoint in Getzville, NY. This location of the Chapel is actually just 10 minutes from UB North Campus. I have
been attending this church since I was 9 years old and have spent a few years teaching in the children's ministry. The church has been a meeting place and
development center for the community and those who wish to better themselves and their community. It is a very modern building that doesn't look like your everyday
church. It is so large and has many people coming to it multiple times throughout the week for different services or events, that a lot of the area surrounding the church
is parking and places to eat. Also, the Chapel has multiple buildings that make it up and all are buildings that at a glance you might not know that it was a place of
worship. The number of people who are engaged in its activities has increased significantly so the church and its influence is expanding to many locations around
Buffalo. This will lead to more activity at the church and I think that it would lead to more service activities that will benefit the community as well as the people in it.
https://lintvwivb.files.wordp
ress.com/2015/09/thechap
el.jpg

30.
Response to Prospects for the Future of Diversity and Design
Consider the quote in your syllabus from educator Michael J. Shannon: “Design, as vision in action--the intersection of understanding and creation--
is a universal human capability that can play a fundamental role in social evolution, in the process that transforms resources, energy, and information to
make our world.”
At the beginning of this course, we discussed the idea that we are all designers regardless of our profession or field of study. We’ve asked some big
questions along the way, and the conclusion section of our textbook raises additional issues that require input from people who might not consider
themselves to be part of the formalized design professions.
Think about your own major and/or future profession. What is the biggest challenge, problem, or question that your field needs to tackle right now?
What do you plan to do to address this challenge, problem, or question either as part of your studies or professional life?
I am currently a Graphic Design major and I think that a big challenge this field faces right now is the fact that people don't value the art and the
work the way they should. A lot of people don't understand the amount of time that good design takes because most times, people just want what's
cheapest. Because of this, designers tend to undervalue their own work. The main place where this happens is online. There are websites where
designers just put their work up cheap with hopes that somebody buys and uses it. The users don't know the work that went into each design but are
attracted to them because of the cost and not as much the design itself. As artists and designers I think that we need to realize how much value our
work holds and use that to our advantage. We also need to educate others on the time and work put into each design so they can value it the way it
should be.
https://s-media-cache-
ak0.pinimg.com/originals/e
6/83/26/e683262a5453a5b
40b59ba52631b0a71.jpg