Architect presentation by Ar. Ayaz Ahmad Khan

2. father of
skyscrapers
father of
modernism One of the recognized
LOUISHENRY
SULLIVAN
Form
follows
function“ ”

3. About….
Born September 3, 1856
Boston,Massachuset
ts,USA.
studied
Influencedby
Masatuset institute
ofArchitecture
Henry Hobson
Richardson
Influenced Frank LloydWright
Died April14,
1924 (aged 67)
Chicago, Illinois,U.S.

4. About….
• Louis Henri Sullivan (September 3, 1856 – April 14, 1924)was an
American architect
• He is considered as the creator of the modern skyscraper, was an
influential architect and critic of the Chicago School
• Was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright, and an inspiration to the
Chicago group of architects who have come to be known as the
Prairie School
• Also considered as “ Father of Modernism”.

5. LIFE HISTORY….
• Louis Sullivan was born to an Irish-born father and a Swiss-born mother, both
of whom had imigrated to the U.S. in the late 1840s
• Louis spent most of his childhood in Boston at his grandparent’s farm.
• While attending high school Sullivan met Moses Woolson, whose teachings
made a lasting impression on him, and nurtured him until his death
• Sullivan entered MIT at the age of sixteen
• After one year of study, he moved to Philadelphia and engaged himself into a
job with architect Frank Furness.
• In 1871 he worked for William LeBaron Jenney, the architect often credited
with erecting the first steel-frame building
• After less than a year with Jenney, Sullivan moved to Paris and studied at the
École des Beaux-Arts for a year

6. LIFE HISTORY….
• In 1879 Dankmar Adler hired Sullivan; a year later, he became a partner in the
firm. This marked the beginning of Sullivan's most productive years.
• And at this firm Sullivan deeply influenced Frank Lloyd Wright, who came to
embrace Sullivan's designs and principles as the inspiration for his own work.
• Adler and Sullivan initially achieved fame as theater architects
• While most of their theaters were in Chicago, they got commissions as far west as Pueblo,
Colorado, and Seattle, Washington .
• The culminating project of this phase of the firm's history was the 1889 Auditorium
Building in Chicago, an extraordinary mixed-use building which included not only a 3000-
seat theater, but also a hotel and office building.

7. LIFE HISTORY….
• Adler and Sullivan saw a precipitous decline in their practice with the onset of
the Panic of 1893.
• He built many Midwestern banks , wrote books, and in 1922 appeared as a
critic of Raymond Hood's winning entry for the Tribune Tower competition, a
steel-frame tower dressed in Gothic stonework that Sullivan described as a
shameful piece of historicism.
• He died in a Chicago hotel room on april 14, 1924

8. chronology
1856 born to Irish/Swiss immigrants In Boston, Massachusetts,U.S.
1872 Attents Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
1874 leaves for Paris to study further at the Ecole des Beaux Arts
1888 Frank Lloyd Wright joins the Adler/Sullivanfirm.
1889 Auditorium Building
1924 Passed away

9. design
Sullivan's philosophy that "form follows
function" became one of the basic principles
of twentieth century architecture, and was
one of the foundations of PrairieSchool style
Ornament and structure were integral; their
subtle rhythm sustained a high emotional
tension, yet produced a sense of serenity. But
the building's identity resided in the
ornament.

10. design
He uses simple
GEOMETRIC FORMS
But highly
ORNAMENTAL

11. design
decorated with
ornamentationbased on
ORGANIC
SYMBOLISM

12. design
Sullivan developed a style of ornamentation
reflected nature through symmetrical use of stylized foliage & weaving geometric forms

13. design
MANIPULATIONOFTHEORGANIC
SIMPLE LEAF-FORMS
COMPOUND LEAF- FORMS

14. design

15. design

16. design

17. design
Another signature element of Sullivan's work
is the massive, semi-circular arch.
Sullivan employed such arches throughout his career—in shaping
entrances, in framing windows, or as interior design.

18. design
TERRACOTTA
various
DECO RAT IO N in
d on e b y L .S u l l i v a n

19. Major works
Public buildings
Auditorium Building,1989
Chicago, illinois

20. Major works
office buildings
Wainwright Building
St. Louis (1890)
Guaranty Building
(formerly Prudential Building)
Buffalo,NY (1894)

21. Major worksBank buildings
National Farmer's Bank ,
Owatonna, Minnesota(1908)
People's Federal Savings and Loan
Association, Sidney, Ohio(1917)
Farmers and Merchants Union Bank,
Columbus, Wisconsin(1919 )
Merchants' NationalBank,
Grinnell, Iowa(1914)

22. Major works
churches
Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Cathedral
and Rectory,
Chicago (1900–1903)
Pilgrim Baptist Church(1890),
Chicago, Illinois

23. Major works
Martin Ryerson Tomb
1889
Chicago, Illinois
Wainwright Tomb
1892
St. Louis, Missouri
Carrie Eliza Getty Tomb
Chicago, Illinois,
Tombs

24. Major works
Auditorium Building | 1886-1890
Chicago, Illinois USA
Wainwright Building | 1890-1891
St. Louis, Missouri USA
Guaranty Building | 1894-1895
Buffalo, New York USA
Carson, Pirie, Scott and Co. | 1899-1904
Chicago, Illinois USA
National Farmers' Bank | 1906-1908
Owatonna, Minnesota USA
Merchant's National Bank | 1913-1914
Grinnell, Iowa USA
People's Savings and Loan Association Bank | 1919
Sidney, Ohio USA
Farmers' and Merchants' Union Bank | 1919
Columbus, Wisconsin USA
Zion Temple, Chicago. 1884

25. DeSIGN
PHILOSHOPHY
• Louis Sullivan coined the phrase “form ever follows function”, which,
shortened to "form follows function," would become the great battle-cry of
modernist architects.
• Placed the demands of practical use above aesthetics.
• His buildings could be spare and crisp in their principal masses, he often
punctuated their plain surfaces with eruptions of lush Art Noveau.
• Some of the decorations, usually cast in iron or terra cotta, and ranging from
organic forms like vines and ivy, to more geometric designs, and interlace,
inspired by his Irish design heritage
• Another signature element of Sullivan's work is the massive, semi-circular
arch. Sullivan employed such arches throughout his career — in shaping
entrances, in framing windows, or as interior design.

26. DeSIGN
PHILOSHOPHY• Louis Sullivan wrote that the skyscraper "must be tall, every inch of it tall. The
force and power of altitude must be in it the glory and pride of exaltation must
be in it. It must be every inch a proud and soaring thing, rising in sheer
exultation that from bottom to top it is a unit without a single dissenting line."
(The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered, 1896, by Louis Sullivan.
Pirie, Scott, Building

27. DeSIGN
PHILOSHOPHY• Most of his design was visibly divided into three "zones“
of design:
 a plain, wide-windowed base for the ground-level shops;
 vertical ribbons of masonry rising unimpeded across
nine upper floors to emphasize the building's height
 an ornamented cornice at the roof level
• He was a great supporter of Art Noveau

28. (PRUDENTIAL
BUILDING)

29. Guaranty Building
Year(s) of
construction: 1895-1896
Architects: Louis H.
Sullivan and
DankmarAdler
Function: OfficeBuilding
Present name
Prudential
Building
No. of Floors: 13
Height: 46 m

30. plan
1ST FLOOR
in 1897

31. plan
1ST FLOOR
Restored in 1984

32. plan
typical
UPPER FLOORS

33. design
The structure was built entirely of steel
Combines masonry with terra cotta
Ornaments :most defining
characteristics
used strong vertical lines to emphasize their
verticality

34. design
the ornament of the glass windows

35. Guaranty Building
The elaborately decorated
terra cotta cornice

36. Guaranty Building
Ornaments of a
column capital

37. Guaranty Building
A Floral detail
on the wall

38. Guaranty Building
Arch at the entrance

39. Guaranty Building - interior

40. Guaranty Building - interior

42. AUDITORIUM
BUILDING

43. AUDITORIUM
BUILDING
Year(s) of
construction: 1889
Architects: Sullivan and
DankmarAdler
Function: Auditorium
Style:
No. of Floors:
Late 19th and
Early 20thCentury
AmericanMovements
13
Height: 46 m

44. AUDITORIUM
BUILDINGauditorium was designed so that all seats
would have good views and acoustics
FLOOR PLAN

45. AUDITORIUM
BUILDINGLONGITUDINAL SECTION
Longitudinal section looking south

46. AUDITORIUM
BUILDING
ELEVATION EAST

47. AUDITORIUM
BUILDING
VIEW

48. AUDITORIUM
BUILDING
ELEVATION
SOUTH

49. AUDITORIUM
BUILDING

50. AUDITORIUM
BUILDING

51. AUDITORIUM
BUILDING

53. merchAnts’ nAtionAl bAnk

54. Year(s) of
construction: 1914
Architects: LouisSullivan&
Stewart-
Robison-Laffan
Function: Bank Building
Architectural
Styles
Late 19th And
Early 20th
CenturyAmerican
Movements,
Other
Status National Historic
Landmark
merchAnts’ nAtionAl bAnk

55. design
Façade of the bank

56. It is one of a series of
small banks designed
by LouisSullivan
in the Midwest between
1909 and 1919.
All of the banks are built
of brick and for this
structure he employed
various shades of brick
Structurally the building is a rectangular box
merchAnts’ nAtionAl bAnk

57. a series of stained glass windows on
the eastern facade
Light is introduced into the interiorby
these windows and a sky light
the oversized cartouche that
surrounds a circular window
merchAnts’ nAtionAl bAnk
built of various shades of brick, ranging
in color from blue-black to golden
brown, giving it an overall reddish
brown appearance

58. merchAnts’ nAtionAl bAnk
The cornice design

59. merchAnts’ nAtionAl bAnk
design above the ground floor windows

60. merchAnts’ nAtionAl bAnk
The entrance portal and decorative designs

61. merchAnts’ nAtionAl bAnk
oversized cartouche
that surrounds a
circular window

62. merchAnts’ nAtionAl bAnk
Lion griffin beside door
of Merchants' National
Bank

63. merchAnts’ nAtionAl bAnk

64. merchAnts’ nAtionAl bAnk
Circular
window
On the facade
colored glass
skylight on ceiling
glass windows on
the easternfacade

65. NATIONAL’S FARMERS BANK
National Farmers' Bank ·Owatonna,Minnesota

66. NATIONAL’S FARMERS BANK
• The National Farmers' Bank of Owatonna, Minnesota is a bank building
designed by Louis Sullivan with decorative elements by George Elmslie.
• The building is clad in red brick with green terra cotta bands, and features two
large arches.
• The great ornamented mass brings the lines of street facades and jumbled
store fronts and an arcaded office building to a monumental climax.
Corner view, from
southwest · National
Farmers' Bank
·Owatonna,Minnesota

67. NATIONAL’S FARMERS BANK
• Ornamentation is concentrated in panels, of bronze-green terra cotta, with
intricate cast iron escutcheons at the corners.
• The base is of red sandstone, with dark red brick walls.
• Ornamentation is concentrated in panels, of bronze-green terra cotta, with
intricate cast iron escutcheons at the corners; the cornice is simply corbeled
brick courses.

68. NATIONAL’S FARMERS BANK
• The main banking
room is a single
cubical space
enclosed by a box,
indicated by the
wide stained-glass
lunette windows

69. NATIONAL’S FARMERS BANK
• Internal elements include two
stained glass windows designed by
Louis J. Millet, a mural by Oskar
Gross, and four immense cast iron
electroliers designed by George
Grant Elmslie and cast by Winslow
Brothers Company (owned by
William Winslow, for whom Frank
Lloyd Wright designed an iconic
house)

70. National Farmers' Bank
South walls · National Farmers' Bank · Owatonna, Minnesota

71. National Farmers' Bank
Interior, east wall · National Farmers' Bank · Owatonna, Minnesota

72. National Farmers' Bank
Interior, ceiling/northwest corner · National Farmers' Bank

73. National Farmers' Bank
Ceiling · National Farmers' Bank

74. National Farmers' Bank

75. National Farmers' Bank

76. "the most sensitive and the most graceful of
Sullivan's tombs" and as "one of Sullivan's
masterpieces."

77. Wainwright Tomb
• The Wainwright Tomb is a mausoleum located in Bellefontaine Cemetery in St.
Louis, Missouri. Originally constructed for Charlotte Dickson Wainwright in 1892, the
tomb also contains the remains of her husband, Ellis Wainwright.
• Shortly after the construction of the Wainwright Building in Downtown St.
Louis (itself now a National Historic Landmark), the "young and beautiful" wife of
wealthy St. Louis brewery owner Ellis Wainwright died.
• Wainwright commissioned Louis Sullivan to design a tomb for his wife and
himself, which was completed in 1892.

78. Wainwright Tomb
• The tomb is a domed cubic building with walls of concrete covered in limestone on
the exterior.
• On the northeast (front) side of the tomb is the entrance with a double-leafed bronze
grill and double-doors.
• The sides of the tomb each have windows, also covered in bronze grills.
• The limestone walls are carved with floral patterns that do not repeat.
• The interior of the tomb has two burial slabs and a mosaic floor and ceiling.
• The Wainwright Tomb has significance as a work of Louis Sullivan, and it has been
described as "the most sensitive and the most graceful of Sullivan's tombs" and as
"one of Sullivan's masterpieces.

79. Wainwright Tomb

80. Wainwright Tomb
FLOOR PLAN
PLAN - 1/4 OF
THE CEILING

81. Wainwright Tomb
TRANSVERSE
SECTION
SIDE
ELEVATION

82. Wainwright Tomb
The interior of the tomb has two burial
slabs and a mosaic floor and ceiling

83. Wainwright Tomb
Entrance with a double-
leafed bronze grill

84. Wainwright Tomb
The sides of the tomb each have windows,
also covered in bronze grills

85. Wainwright Tomb

86. references
http://www.hodgsonruss.com/Home/Offices/GuarantyBuilding
http://exhibits.slpl.org/steedman/data/Steedman240089386.asp?thread=240091124
http://www.prairiestyles.com/lsullivan.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Sullivan
http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Auditorium_Building.html
http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/sidney/sidney.html