The document discusses using spatial technologies to detect abnormal vessel behavior. It provides background on new sea border surveillance systems and research issues. Spatial ontologies are examined as a way to share knowledge within decision support systems. The document also describes developing an abnormal vessel behavior ontology and prototypes for spatial reasoning and detecting abnormal vessel examples.

1. Apport des technologies spatiales
pour la détection de comportements anormaux de navires
Using spatial technologies to detect
abnormal vessel behaviour
- Arnaud Van De Casteele -
Sous la direction de Aldo Napoli
Mines ParisTech – CRC
Apport des technologies spatiales pour la détection de comportements anormaux de navires 1/16
MARISK 2012technologies to detect abnormal vessel behaviour
Using spatial – 26/27 Janvier

2. Contexte & Problématique Background & Research problem
Contexte Background
Nouveaux Systèmes de Surveillance New Sea border surveillance system
Enjeux de recherche Research issues
Ontologies spatiales Spatial Ontologies
Qu'est ce qu'une ontologie ? What is an ontology ?
L'ontologie de comportements anormaux Abnormal vessel behavior ontology
Raisonnement spatial Spatial reasoning
Prototype & exemples Prototype & examples
Architecture proposée Prototype architecture
Exemples de comportement anormal Examples of abnormal vessel behaviour
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Using spatial technologies to detect abnormal vessel behaviour

3. Background & research problem Spatial Ontology Prototype & examples
> background New sea border surveillance system Research issues
Context
Economic
90% of world trade is transported by sea
In EU 90% of oil and gas are transported by sea
Illegal Fishing
Only 6% of illegal fishing frauds are detected
88% of fishing stocks in the EU are overexploited
Pollution
30 000 illegal oil spills are estimated every year (EU)
Illegal immigration
55% of illegal border crossing immigration is done by sea (EU)
3000 illegal ''know'' immigrants lost their life at sea every year
Source : ICC International Maritime Bureau
Limburg oct 2002 (terrorism) MSC Napoli janvier 2007 (storm)
Hebei Spirit Dec 2007 (collision) Ponant Avril 2008 (piracy)
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Using spatial technologies to detect abnormal vessel behaviour

4. Background & research problem Spatial Ontology Prototype & examples
> background New sea border surveillance system Research issues
There might be a better way to visualize and analyze so much information isn't it ?
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Using spatial technologies to detect abnormal vessel behaviour

5. Background & research problem Spatial Ontology Prototype & examples
background > New sea border surveillance system Research issues
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Using spatial technologies to detect abnormal vessel behaviour

6. Background & research problem Spatial Ontology Prototype & examples
background New sea border surveillance system > Research issues
Spatial
OLAP
Geo- Spatial Data
collaboration Mining
Center for research on Maritime
Risks and Surveillance
Crisis System
Visualization Storage and
and
Research & training
Interface restitution
Business creation
Industrial partnerships Modelling
strong industrial contacts and
Simulation
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Using spatial technologies to detect abnormal vessel behaviour

7. Background & research problem Spatial Ontology Prototype & examples
background New sea border surveillance system > Research issues
Research Themes: Marine traffic analysis and detection of abnormal behaviours
● Spatial Data mining
● Ontology formalisation and modelling
● Bayesian Network
● Design and development of Decision Support Systems
●
Geomatic portal, geodecisional system, Geocollaboration
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Using spatial technologies to detect abnormal vessel behaviour

8. Background & research problem Spatial Ontology Prototype & examples
> What is an Ontology Abnormal Vessel behavior ontology Spatial reasoning
Vessel Pétrolier
Tanker
Navire
Boat
Super-Tanker
> How can we share knowledge inside decision support system ?
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Using spatial technologies to detect abnormal vessel behaviour

9. Background & research problem Spatial Ontology Prototype & examples
> What is an Ontology Abnormal vessel behaviour ontology Spatial reasoning
« An ontology is a formal explicit specification
of a shared conceptualization »
Studer, 1998
An ontology can be use to :
Knowledge representation
Knowledge sharing and reuse
Automatic Reasoning
Formal vocabulary, etc.
Gruninger & Lee, 2002
Source : Ontology Dimension Map; Ontology Summit 2007
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Using spatial technologies to detect abnormal vessel behaviour

10. Background & research problem Spatial Ontology Prototype & examples
What is an Ontology > Abnormal vessel behavior ontology Spatial reasoning
Modeling of abnormal vessel behavior
> How can we use spatial knowledge of maritime experts ?
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Using spatial technologies to detect abnormal vessel behaviour

11. Background & research problem Spatial Ontology Prototype & examples
What is an Ontology Abnormal vessel behavior ontology > Spatial reasoning
Example of rules detection
If a type of vessel has a speed above X then rise alert :
Vessel(?vessel),
OP_Vessel_hasVesselType(?vessel, ?vesselType),
DP_Vessel_hasSpeed(?vessel, ?speedVessel),
DP_Vessel_hasSpeed(?vesselType, ?speedTypeVessel),
greaterThan(?speedTypeVessel, ?speedVessel) ->
OP_Vessel_hasAlert(?vessel, Alert_Speed_HighSpeed)
If a vessel enters in a restricted area then rise alert :
Vessel(?vessel),
DP_Vessel_hasPosition(?vessel, ?position),
DP_Analysis_DataPath(Alert_Area_Restricted, ?geoData),
intersects(?geoData, ?position) ->
OP_Vessel_hasAlert(?vessel, Alert_Area_Restricted)
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Using spatial technologies to detect abnormal vessel behaviour

12. Background & research problem Spatial Ontology Prototype & examples
> Prototype architecture Example of abnormal vessel behaviour
Apport des technologies spatiales pour la détection de comportements anormaux de navires 12/16
Using spatial technologies to detect abnormal vessel behaviour

13. Background & research problem Spatial Ontology Prototype & examples
Prototype architecture > Example of abnormal vessel behaviour
Identification of abnormal vessel behaviour Alert age of ship
Alert Area Restricted Alert Speed
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Using spatial technologies to detect abnormal vessel behaviour

14. Background & research problem Spatial Ontology Prototype & examples
Prototype architecture > Example of abnormal vessel behaviour
Map Visualization
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Using spatial technologies to detect abnormal vessel behaviour

15. Conclusion
Evolution of the maritime threat needs new Sea border surveilance system
We need maritime expert to design this system
Ontologies can be used to model the expert knowledge
Ontologies and spatial ontologies can be used to analyze abnormal vessel behaviour
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Using spatial technologies to detect abnormal vessel behaviour

16. Questions ?
Arnaud Van De Casteele
arnaud {dot} van_de_casteele {at} mines-paristech {dot} fr
Mines ParisTech
Centre de recherche sur les Risques et les Crises (CRC)
Rue Claude Daunesse, BP 207
06904 Sophia-Antipolis Cedex - France
Tél : + 33(0)4.93.95.75.77
http://www.i2c.eu
Recent publications and conferences
A. Van De Casteele, A. Napoli, M. Morel,
Apport du géodécisionnel et de la géocollaboration aux nouveaux systèmes de surveillance maritime,
Conférence INFORSID, 2011 (France)
Idiri, B.,
Extraction de connaissances dans un système géodécisionnel dédié à la surveillance maritime,
Conférence INFORSID, 2011 (France)
Chaze X, X., Bouejla A., Napoli A., Guarnieri F., Eude T., Alhadef B.,
The contribution of bayesian networks to manage risks of maritime piracy against oil offshore fields
Conférence DASFAA 2012 (Corée du Sud)
Apport des technologies spatiales pour la détection de comportements anormaux de navires 16/16
Using spatial technologies to detect abnormal vessel behaviour