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Assisting Birds to Cross the Hume
Highway, NSW
Comparing the Effectiveness of Two Bird
Crossing Designs in an Open Rural Landscape.
Stephen J. Ambrose
Ambrose Ecological Services Pty Ltd
Types and Locations of Bird Crossings
Mountain Creek (east of bridge)
Mountain Creek (west of bridge)
Mt McKenzie Bird Underpass
(western side)
Mt McKenzie Bird Underpass
(eastern side)
Methods: May 2012 – May 2014
For both Mountain Creek Bridge & Mt McKenzie Bird Underpass:
 5 survey periods: autumn (May) & spring (Oct) survey periods.
 6 survey sessions (3 mornings, 3 afternoons) per survey period.
 In each survey session: 15-minute stationary obs. @ 12
transects:
(a) Three transects each side of bridge/underpass
(3 north, 3 south, 100 m apart).
(b) Three 15-minute surveys on each side (west and east) of
bridge or underpass (over/under/through bridge or
underpass).
 All transects: 20 m wide, perpendicular to highway.
 Order of transect surveys randomised.
Highway Bird Crossings:
Total No. Sightings
1464
1726
1260
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
1800
2100
Sides of
bridge
Over
Bridge
Under
Bridge
Mountain Creek Bridge
(∑ = 4450)
1427
551
154
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
Sides of
Underpass
Over
Underpass
Through
Underpass
Mt McKenzie Bird
Underpass (∑ = 2132)
Highway Bird Crossings:
Total No. Species
37
40
22
0
10
20
30
40
50
Sides of
bridge
Over
Bridge
Under
Bridge
Mountain Creek
Bridge (49 spp.)
42
33
7
0
10
20
30
40
50
Sides of
Underpass
Over
Underpass
Through
Underpass
Mt McKenzie Bird
Underpass (47 spp.)
Mountain Creek Bridge
8.4
9.6
7.6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Sides of
bridge
Over Bridge Under
Bridge
Mean (± SE) Bird
Sightings/15 min survey
period
Under v Sides of Bridge:
NS (t = 0.58, df = 312).
Under v Over Bridge:
NS (t = 1.29, df = 312).
Over v Sides of Bridge:
NS (t = 0.71, df = 312).
Total Highway Crossings: Mountain Creek
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
WelcomeSwallow
Sulphur-crestedCockatoo
CommonStarling
Galah
AustralianRaven
Red-rumpedParrot
AustralianMagpie
SuperbFairy-wren
CrimsonRosella
Magpie-lark
LittleRaven
Red-browedFiretail
WillieWagtail
White-facedHeron
EasternRosella
AustralianWhiteIbis
Black-facedCuckoo-shrike
White-throatedNeedletail
AustralasianPipit
White-plumedHoneyeater
Black-shoulderedKite
TreeMartin
LittlePiedCormorant
Yellow-rumpedThornbill
RedWattlebird
FuscousHoneyeater
FairyMartin
PacificBlackDuck
WhistlingKite
White-throatedGerygone
LaughingKookaburra
LittleLorikeet
AustralianKestrel
AustralianWoodDuck
EuropeanBlackbird
LittleFriarbird
Yellow-facedHoneyeater
FlameRobin
JackyWinter
PallidCuckoo
StriatedThornbill
LittleBlackCormorant
GreyShrike-thrush
EasternShrike-tit
Yellow-tuftedHoneyeater
BrownGoshawk
LittleCuckoo-shrike
PiedCurrawong
RufousWhistler
Unidentified
Bird Movements Under Mountain Creek Bridge
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Mt McKenzie Bird Underpass
Through v Sides of Underpass:
P < 0.001 (t = 8.28, df = 358).
Through v Over Underpass:
P < 0.001 (t = 5.56, df = 358).
Over v Sides of Underpass:
P < 0.001 (t = 6.66, df = 358).
7.8
2.4
1.0
0
2
4
6
8
10
Sides of
Underpass
Over
Underpass
Through
Underpass
Mean (± SE) Birding
Sightings/15 min survey
period
Total Highway Crossings: Mt McKenzie
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350 Red-rumpedParrot
Galah
AustralianRaven
WelcomeSwallow
Sulphur-crestedCockatoo
RedWattlebird
LittleRaven
CommonStarling
Magpie-lark
WillieWagtail
SuperbFairy-wren
AustralianMagpie
FuscousHoneyeater
White-plumedHoneyeater
Black-shoulderedKite
TreeMartin
Yellow-rumpedThornbill
EasternRosella
FairyMartin
Black-facedCuckoo-shrike
AustralianWoodDuck
WhistlingKite
AustralasianPipit
White-napedHoneyeater
RufousSonglark
JackyWinter
LittleLorikeet
PiedCurrawong
LaughingKookaburra
Yellow-facedHoneyeater
White-belliedCuckoo-…
Red-browedFiretail
CrimsonRosella
RufousWhistler
AustralianKestrel
WesternGerygone
Yellow-tuftedHoneyeater
Fan-tailedCuckoo
FlameRobin
BrownFalcon
White-facedHeron
LittleFriarbird
LittleCuckoo-shrike
TawnyFrogmouth
LittlePiedCormorant
DuskyWoodswallow
LittleBlackCormorant
Unidentified
Bird Movements Through Mt McKenzie
Bird Underpass
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Welcome
Swallow
Superb Fairy-
wren
Willie Wagtail Fairy Martin Yellow-rumped
Thornbill
Red-browed
Firetail
Australian
Kestrel
Proportion of Recorded Woodland Bird Species
in Locality (85 spp) Observed Moving Across Highway
Type of Crossing Mountain Creek
Bridge
Mt McKenzie
Underpass
Over highway
(north/south of bridge or underpass)
43.5% 49.4%
Over bridge or underpass 47.0% 38.8%
Under bridge/through underpass 25.9% 8.2%
Total 57.6% 55.2%
Acknowledgments
RMS
Peter Hurst, Michial Sutherland, Amy Evans,
Kevin Roberts & Josie Stokes.
SMEC
Tom Newsome, Kirsten Velthuis, Jennifer Anson,
David Sharpe, Simone d’Unienville & Catherine
Gallery.

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ANET Conference, Coffs Harbour (20-23 July 2014)(a)

  • 1. Assisting Birds to Cross the Hume Highway, NSW Comparing the Effectiveness of Two Bird Crossing Designs in an Open Rural Landscape. Stephen J. Ambrose Ambrose Ecological Services Pty Ltd
  • 2. Types and Locations of Bird Crossings
  • 3. Mountain Creek (east of bridge)
  • 4. Mountain Creek (west of bridge)
  • 5. Mt McKenzie Bird Underpass (western side)
  • 6. Mt McKenzie Bird Underpass (eastern side)
  • 7. Methods: May 2012 – May 2014 For both Mountain Creek Bridge & Mt McKenzie Bird Underpass:  5 survey periods: autumn (May) & spring (Oct) survey periods.  6 survey sessions (3 mornings, 3 afternoons) per survey period.  In each survey session: 15-minute stationary obs. @ 12 transects: (a) Three transects each side of bridge/underpass (3 north, 3 south, 100 m apart). (b) Three 15-minute surveys on each side (west and east) of bridge or underpass (over/under/through bridge or underpass).  All transects: 20 m wide, perpendicular to highway.  Order of transect surveys randomised.
  • 8. Highway Bird Crossings: Total No. Sightings 1464 1726 1260 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 Sides of bridge Over Bridge Under Bridge Mountain Creek Bridge (∑ = 4450) 1427 551 154 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 Sides of Underpass Over Underpass Through Underpass Mt McKenzie Bird Underpass (∑ = 2132)
  • 9. Highway Bird Crossings: Total No. Species 37 40 22 0 10 20 30 40 50 Sides of bridge Over Bridge Under Bridge Mountain Creek Bridge (49 spp.) 42 33 7 0 10 20 30 40 50 Sides of Underpass Over Underpass Through Underpass Mt McKenzie Bird Underpass (47 spp.)
  • 10. Mountain Creek Bridge 8.4 9.6 7.6 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Sides of bridge Over Bridge Under Bridge Mean (± SE) Bird Sightings/15 min survey period Under v Sides of Bridge: NS (t = 0.58, df = 312). Under v Over Bridge: NS (t = 1.29, df = 312). Over v Sides of Bridge: NS (t = 0.71, df = 312).
  • 11. Total Highway Crossings: Mountain Creek 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 WelcomeSwallow Sulphur-crestedCockatoo CommonStarling Galah AustralianRaven Red-rumpedParrot AustralianMagpie SuperbFairy-wren CrimsonRosella Magpie-lark LittleRaven Red-browedFiretail WillieWagtail White-facedHeron EasternRosella AustralianWhiteIbis Black-facedCuckoo-shrike White-throatedNeedletail AustralasianPipit White-plumedHoneyeater Black-shoulderedKite TreeMartin LittlePiedCormorant Yellow-rumpedThornbill RedWattlebird FuscousHoneyeater FairyMartin PacificBlackDuck WhistlingKite White-throatedGerygone LaughingKookaburra LittleLorikeet AustralianKestrel AustralianWoodDuck EuropeanBlackbird LittleFriarbird Yellow-facedHoneyeater FlameRobin JackyWinter PallidCuckoo StriatedThornbill LittleBlackCormorant GreyShrike-thrush EasternShrike-tit Yellow-tuftedHoneyeater BrownGoshawk LittleCuckoo-shrike PiedCurrawong RufousWhistler Unidentified
  • 12. Bird Movements Under Mountain Creek Bridge 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
  • 13. Mt McKenzie Bird Underpass Through v Sides of Underpass: P < 0.001 (t = 8.28, df = 358). Through v Over Underpass: P < 0.001 (t = 5.56, df = 358). Over v Sides of Underpass: P < 0.001 (t = 6.66, df = 358). 7.8 2.4 1.0 0 2 4 6 8 10 Sides of Underpass Over Underpass Through Underpass Mean (± SE) Birding Sightings/15 min survey period
  • 14. Total Highway Crossings: Mt McKenzie 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Red-rumpedParrot Galah AustralianRaven WelcomeSwallow Sulphur-crestedCockatoo RedWattlebird LittleRaven CommonStarling Magpie-lark WillieWagtail SuperbFairy-wren AustralianMagpie FuscousHoneyeater White-plumedHoneyeater Black-shoulderedKite TreeMartin Yellow-rumpedThornbill EasternRosella FairyMartin Black-facedCuckoo-shrike AustralianWoodDuck WhistlingKite AustralasianPipit White-napedHoneyeater RufousSonglark JackyWinter LittleLorikeet PiedCurrawong LaughingKookaburra Yellow-facedHoneyeater White-belliedCuckoo-… Red-browedFiretail CrimsonRosella RufousWhistler AustralianKestrel WesternGerygone Yellow-tuftedHoneyeater Fan-tailedCuckoo FlameRobin BrownFalcon White-facedHeron LittleFriarbird LittleCuckoo-shrike TawnyFrogmouth LittlePiedCormorant DuskyWoodswallow LittleBlackCormorant Unidentified
  • 15. Bird Movements Through Mt McKenzie Bird Underpass 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Welcome Swallow Superb Fairy- wren Willie Wagtail Fairy Martin Yellow-rumped Thornbill Red-browed Firetail Australian Kestrel
  • 16. Proportion of Recorded Woodland Bird Species in Locality (85 spp) Observed Moving Across Highway Type of Crossing Mountain Creek Bridge Mt McKenzie Underpass Over highway (north/south of bridge or underpass) 43.5% 49.4% Over bridge or underpass 47.0% 38.8% Under bridge/through underpass 25.9% 8.2% Total 57.6% 55.2%
  • 17. Acknowledgments RMS Peter Hurst, Michial Sutherland, Amy Evans, Kevin Roberts & Josie Stokes. SMEC Tom Newsome, Kirsten Velthuis, Jennifer Anson, David Sharpe, Simone d’Unienville & Catherine Gallery.