Anatomy of uterus for mbbs first year

1. By: Elina Deshmukh
Riddhi Joshi

2. Introduction
• The uterus, also known as the womb, is a vital
organ in the female reproductive system. It's
a pear-shaped muscular structure located in
the pelvis, between the bladder and the
rectum.
• The uterus plays a crucial role in pregnancy by
providing a nurturing environment for a
fertilized egg to implant and develop into a
fetus. Additionally, during childbirth, the
uterus contracts to expel the baby through the
birth canal.
• Its inner lining, the endometrium, undergoes
cyclical changes during the menstrual cycle,
shedding if pregnancy doesn't occur.

3. Size and Shape
• Uterus is pyriform in shape.
• 7.5 am long, 5 cm broad, 2.5 cm thick.
• Weighs about 30 to 40 grams.
• Uterus can be divided into body (upper
expanded part) and cervix (lower cylindrical
part).
• Junction of body and cervix - marked by isthmus
• Part of the uterus above the fallopian tube is
called as the fundus.
• Upper 2/3rd of uterus forms the body and cervix
forms the lower 1/3rd of the organ.
• The cornua of the uterus, also known as the
uterine horns or uterine cornua, refer to the
uppermost parts of the uterus where the
fallopian tubes attach.

4. 1.Free end of uterus
2.Lies above the opening of
uterine tube
ANTERIOR PART:
1. Flat
2. Related to urinary bladder
3. covered by peritoneum
4. Forms superior wall of uterovesical pouch
POSTERIOR PART:
1. Convex
2. Related to terminal ileum
3. Covered by peritoneum
4. Forms anterior wall of rectouterine pouch
1.Round and Convex
2.Attachment to broad ligament of uterus
3.Uterine tube open into uterus at upper
end of this border
1.Lower cylindrical part of
uterus
2.Lower part of cervix projects
into anterior wall of vagina
which is divided into
supravaginal and vaginal part.
Parts of Uterus
Fundus
Body
Lateral Body
Cervix

6. Ligaments of uterus
Peritoneal
Anterior ligament
Posterior ligament
Right and left broad
ligament
_____________________________
_
___________
_
• Mesovarium
• Mesosalpinx
• Mesometrium
Uterine tube
Round ligament of uterus
Ligament of ovary
Uterine vessels
Ovarian vessels
STRUCTURE
S

7. 1. Uterosacral ligament
2. Transverse cervical
ligament
3. Pubocervical ligament
4. Round ligament of uterus
Ligaments of
uterus
Fibromuscular
ligaments

8. Arterial Supply
The uterus is supplied by:
• Chiefly by two uterine arteries which are
markedly enlarged during pregnancy.
• Partly by ovarian arteries.
Apart from the uterus, the uterine artery also gives
branches to:
• Vagina
• Medial 2/3rd of the uterine tube
• Ovary
• Ureter
• Structures present in broad ligament
Venous Drainage
• The veins form a plexus along the lateral border of the uterus.
• The plexus drains through the uterine, ovarian and vaginal veins into the internal iliac
veins.

9. Lymphatic Drainage
There are mainly five groups of lymph nodes
for uterus:
• Aortic nodes
• External iliac nodes
• Internal iliac nodes
• Sacral nodes
• Superficial inguinal nodes
• Upper lymphatics from the fundus and upper
part of body - aortic nodes, partly - superficial
inguinal nodes
• Middle lymphatics from the lower part -
external iliac nodes
• Lower lymphatics from cervix - internal iliac
and sacral nodes

10. Nerve Supply
• Uterus is richly supplied by both sympathetic and
parasympathetic nerves, through the inferior hypogastric and
ovarian plexuses.
• Sympathetic nerves from T12, L1 and segments of spinal cord
produce uterine contraction and vasoconstriction.
• Parasympathetic nerves (S2-S4) produce uterine inhibition and
vasodilatation.
• Pain sensations from the body of the uterus pass along the
sympathetic nerves, and from the cervix along the
parasympathetic nerves.

11. Pelvic
Diaphragm
Perineal
body

12. Pubocervical Ligaments
• These ligaments connect the cervix to the posterior surface of
pubis.
• They are derived from the endopelvic fascia, and correspond to the
medial and lateral puboprostatic ligaments in the male.

13. Transverse cervical Ligaments of
mackenrodt
• Fan-shaped condensations of the
endopelvic fascia on each side of the
cervix above the levator ani and around
the uterine vessels.
• They connect the lateral aspects of the
cervix and of the upper vaginal wall to the
lateral pelvic wall, about 2.5 cm ventral to
the ischial spine.
• They form a hammock that supports the
uterus.

14. Uterosacral ligaments
• They are also condensations of the
endopelvic fascia .
• They connect the cervix to the periosteum
of the sacrum (S2, S3), and are enclosed
within rectouterine folds of peritoneum.
• The uterosacral ligaments keep the cervix
braced backwards against the forward pull
of the round ligaments.
• The two ligaments form a couple that
maintains the uterine axis.

15. ROUND LIGAMENT OF UTERUS
• Two fibromuscular flat bands, 10 to 12
cm long, which lie between the two
layers of the broad ligament,
anteroinferior to the uterine tube.
• The round ligament keeps the fundus
pulled forwards and maintains the
angle of anteversion against the
backward pull of uterosacral
ligaments.

16. Clinical
Anatomy

17. THANK YOU