2. Analgesia
• absence of sensibility to pain.
• insensibility to pain without loss of
consciousness
3. Major differences between Analgesia
and Anesthesia
• Analgesia is lack of pain, anesthesia refers to
lack of sensation; anesthesia is usually
accompanied by analgesia
• Patients are awake while using analgesia; with
anesthesia, patient can be unconscious and
asleep
• Analgesia is patient controlled, anesthesia is
controlled by a person specializing in
administration of anesthesia
4. Concequences of untreated pain
• Catabolism
• Immune system suppression
• Inflammation and delayed wound healing
• Patient suffering
5. • Analgesia is needed at every stage of
hospitalization and treatment
– Preanesthetic period
– Surgical period
– Immediately postoperative period
– Remainder of hospital stay
– At home
6. Type of analgesia
• Topical analgesia – recommended to
avoid systemic side- effects
• ex- painful joins may be treated with
an ibuprofen containing gel
• Systemic analgesia
7. Type of analgesia
• transdermal analgesia - a patch with a rate-
controlling membrane is applied to the skin;
the medication is deposited in the upper
layers of the skin where it is absorbed into the
systemic circulation.
8. • epidural analgesia - analgesia
induced by introduction of the
analgesic agent into the epidural
space of the vertebral canal.
12. • patient controlled analgesia (PCA) - a pump
attached to an intravenous or subcutaneous
injection site and filled with multiple doses of
medication that are available when the system
is activated by the patient.
• The pump is programmed to “lock-out” the
patient for specified intervals making
overdosage unlikely.
13.
14. • Analgesic drugs act in various ways
on the peripheral and central
nervous systems
• Choice of drug depends on
–Severity and type of pain
–Patient’s general condition
–Route of delivery
15. Analgesics
• classified based on their mechanism of action
• Paracetamol (acetaminophen)
• NSAIDs - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• COX-2 inhibitors
• Opioids –morphine, methadone, fentanyl
• Alcohol
• Medical cannabis
• Combinations
• Alternative medicine
16. Multimodal Therapy
• Use of more than one type of analgesic
to relieve pain
–Pain is produced by several
mechanisms
–Different drugs will targed different
mechanisms along the pain pathway
