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Analogier
Anders Gerestrand
Medieteknik
Linnéuniversitet
Vardagligt
• Flitig som en myra
• Hungrig som en varg
Exempel på analogier i klassrummet
• Som en
• Det är precis som
• Samma som
• På liknade sätt
• På samma sätt
Glynn 2008
Analogi konceptet
Analogi
Analogi
koncept
Kännetecken
Kännetecken
kännetecken
Mål
koncept
Kännetecken
Kännetecken
kännetecken
Ett exempel
Krets
Vatten krets
Rör
Pump
Tryck
Smalnar av
Elektrisk krets
Kabel
Batteri
Volt
Motstånd
En video att fundera över
• http://vimeo.com/95729494
Vad är funktion?
Ett exempel till - Sannolikhet
• En stad har 15 000 bilar
• Och 5 000 lastbilar
• Du går ut under en lektion och räknar antal
fordon som passerar din skola under 20 min.
Det är 100 fordon, hur många av dessa är
lastbilar?
En elevs förståelse
Deras förklaringar
=
vetenskapligt accepterade förklaringar
Möta eleven
• Förstå hur deras förståelse är
My aim in this is to show that the celestial
machine is to be likened not to a divine organism
but rather to a clockwork
Kepler
Konstruktivism
• Lärarens uppgift att hjälpa eleven att aktivt
bygga ut och förändra sin begreppsliga
förståelse i riktning mot en som stämmer
bättre överens med vetenskapligt accepterade
uppfattningar.
Wikipedia
Förändra en elevs förståelse
• dissatisfaction
– Missnöjd med sin förståelse
• intelligibility
– nya begreppet måste vara begripligt
• plausibility
– nya begreppet även framstår som rimligt
• fruitfulness
– ökar hans eller hennes förståelse av världen
Posner (1982)
Lära ut med analogier
1. Introduce the target concept, Coulomb’s law of
electrical force, to students.
2. Remind students of what they know of the analog
concept, Newton’s law of gravitational force.
3. Identify relevant features of Coulomb’s and Newton’s
laws.
4. Connect (map) the similar features of the laws.
5. Indicate where the analogy between the laws breaks
down.
6. Draw conclusions about the laws.
Glynn 2008
Referenser
• Glynn SM. (2008) Making science concepts meaningful to students: teaching with
analogies. In: Mikelskis-Seifert S, Ringelband U and Bruckmann M (eds) Four
Decades of Research in Science Education -From Curriculum Development to
Quality Improvement. Waxmann Verlag GmbH, Germany.
• Posner, G. J., Strike, K. A., Hewson, P. W., & Gertzog, W. A. (1982). Accommodation
of a scientific conception: Toward a theory of conceptual change. Science
Education, 66, 211-227.

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Analaogier flippkon14

  • 2. Vardagligt • Flitig som en myra • Hungrig som en varg
  • 3. Exempel på analogier i klassrummet • Som en • Det är precis som • Samma som • På liknade sätt • På samma sätt Glynn 2008
  • 5. Ett exempel Krets Vatten krets Rör Pump Tryck Smalnar av Elektrisk krets Kabel Batteri Volt Motstånd
  • 6. En video att fundera över • http://vimeo.com/95729494
  • 8. Ett exempel till - Sannolikhet • En stad har 15 000 bilar • Och 5 000 lastbilar • Du går ut under en lektion och räknar antal fordon som passerar din skola under 20 min. Det är 100 fordon, hur många av dessa är lastbilar?
  • 9. En elevs förståelse Deras förklaringar = vetenskapligt accepterade förklaringar
  • 10. Möta eleven • Förstå hur deras förståelse är
  • 11. My aim in this is to show that the celestial machine is to be likened not to a divine organism but rather to a clockwork Kepler
  • 12. Konstruktivism • Lärarens uppgift att hjälpa eleven att aktivt bygga ut och förändra sin begreppsliga förståelse i riktning mot en som stämmer bättre överens med vetenskapligt accepterade uppfattningar. Wikipedia
  • 13. Förändra en elevs förståelse • dissatisfaction – Missnöjd med sin förståelse • intelligibility – nya begreppet måste vara begripligt • plausibility – nya begreppet även framstår som rimligt • fruitfulness – ökar hans eller hennes förståelse av världen Posner (1982)
  • 14. Lära ut med analogier 1. Introduce the target concept, Coulomb’s law of electrical force, to students. 2. Remind students of what they know of the analog concept, Newton’s law of gravitational force. 3. Identify relevant features of Coulomb’s and Newton’s laws. 4. Connect (map) the similar features of the laws. 5. Indicate where the analogy between the laws breaks down. 6. Draw conclusions about the laws. Glynn 2008
  • 15. Referenser • Glynn SM. (2008) Making science concepts meaningful to students: teaching with analogies. In: Mikelskis-Seifert S, Ringelband U and Bruckmann M (eds) Four Decades of Research in Science Education -From Curriculum Development to Quality Improvement. Waxmann Verlag GmbH, Germany. • Posner, G. J., Strike, K. A., Hewson, P. W., & Gertzog, W. A. (1982). Accommodation of a scientific conception: Toward a theory of conceptual change. Science Education, 66, 211-227.

Editor's Notes

  1. Regler, ofta en matematisk formel deterministiska => konsekvent in och utvärde Förstå vad en funktion är innan man börjar med begreppen
  2. naiva uppfattningar, missuppfattningar eller alternativa uppfattningar. Meta kognition
  3. Forskning visar att det är svårt
  4. annars inte kan undersöka det och prova dess möjligheter att förklara (intelligibility). Här kan liknelser och metaforer användas för att underlätta. Kan gå fort men kan också ske över lång tid