This document provides an overview of grammar, letter writing, report writing, and writing skills topics that are part of the Communication Skills course for the BCA Sem 1 at Shree H. N. Shukla College of I.T. & Mgmt. The topics covered include articles, tenses, voice, direct and indirect speech, modals and auxiliaries, formal and business letters, application/resumes, business and press reports, and essay writing, translation, comprehension, and vocabulary. The document outlines the key elements and structures of letters, reports, resumes and provides examples to illustrate grammar concepts like articles, tense, voice.

1. SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road 2 – Vaishalinagar
Nr. Shaligram App. Nr. Amrapali Railway Fatak
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station Raiya Road
Rajkot – 360001 Rajkot - 360001
Ph. No–(0281)2224362,2235030 Ph.No–(0281)2440478,2472590
SHREE H.N.SHUKLA COLLEGE OF IT & MGMT.
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
B.C.A – Sem 1.
Unit 1 :
GRAMMAR
Ch. 1. ARTICLES
Articles are of two kinds : - Definite Article – ‘ the’
Indefinite Article – ‘ a, an’
Definite Article ‘the’ is used to point out a specific person or object.
Eg: the blind girl, the first boy etc.
Indefinite Articles ‘a,an’ are used to point out persons or objects in general.
Eg: a book, a girl, an hour etc.
Indefinite Article ‘a’ is used before words beginning with a consonant sound.
Eg: a book, a chair etc.
Indefinite Article ‘an’ is used before words beginning with a vowel sound.
Eg: an umbrella, an orange etc.
Ch. 2. TENSES
TENSES represent the time of an action.
A verb has three forms : 1. The present form
2. The past form
3. The past participle
Based, on these three forms are the tenses. Tenses are chiefly divided into:
- The Present Tense
- The Past Tense
- The Future Tense
These Tenses are further divided into :
The Present Tense:
- The Simple Present Tense
- The Present Continuous Tense

2. SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road 2 – Vaishalinagar
Nr. Shaligram App. Nr. Amrapali Railway Fatak
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station Raiya Road
Rajkot – 360001 Rajkot - 360001
Ph. No–(0281)2224362,2235030 Ph.No–(0281)2440478,2472590
SHREE H.N.SHUKLA COLLEGE OF IT & MGMT.
- The Present Perfect Tense
- The Present Perfect Continuous Tense
The Past Tense :
- The Simple Past Tense
- The Past Continuous Tense
- The Past Perfect Tense
- The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
The Future Tense :
- The Simple Future Tense
- The Future Continuous Tense
- The Future Perfect Tense
- The Future Perfect Continuous Tense
• The Present Tense is used to denote actions that take place in the present time.
• The Past Tense is used to denote actions that have already taken place in the past.
• The Future Tense is used to denote actions that will take place at some time in the future.
Ch. 3. VOICE
VOICE is related to the verb. It can be : ACTIVE or PASSIVE
• When the subject is the DOER of an action in a sentence, the verb is said to be in the
ACTIVE VOICE.
Ex. I like comic novels.
• When the subject is the RECEIVER of an action in a sentence, the verb is said to be in the
PASSIVE VOICE.
Ex. Comic novels are liked by me.
However, various rules must be considered while changing the VOICE from ACTIVE to
PASSIVE.
Ch.4. DIRECT – INDIRECT SPEECH

3. SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road 2 – Vaishalinagar
Nr. Shaligram App. Nr. Amrapali Railway Fatak
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station Raiya Road
Rajkot – 360001 Rajkot - 360001
Ph. No–(0281)2224362,2235030 Ph.No–(0281)2440478,2472590
SHREE H.N.SHUKLA COLLEGE OF IT & MGMT.
DIRECT – INDIRECT (REPORTED SPEECH) is used in order to report what has been heard or
spoken. It can be done in two ways :
• Using the exact words of the speaker
• Expressing the main idea of the speaker using your own words
When the exact words used by the speaker are reproduced, it is called the DIRECT SPEECH.
Ex. The teacher said, “Rahul works hard.”
When the meaning of a speech is conveyed in the reporter’s words (not in the exact words used
by the speaker), it is called the INDIRECT SPEECH.
Ex. The teacher said that Rahul worked hard.
However, various rules must be considered while changing the SPEECH.
Ch. 5. MODALS AND AUXILIARIES
Auxiliaries are basically verbs.
Auxiliaries are verbs that help another verb to change its tense, voice or mood. Thus, Auxiliaries are
basically helping verbs.
Ex. 1. I have lost my book.
2. We are preparing for the exams.
The primary auxiliaries are:
1. be
2. shall
3. will
4. do
5. have
A verb used to express the mood or attitude of a speaker is called a modal. Modals are actually
auxiliaries as they perform the role of helping verbs. So, modals are often referred to as MODAL
AUXILIARIES.
The most commonly used MODALS are :
Can Could
Will Would
Shall Should

4. SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road 2 – Vaishalinagar
Nr. Shaligram App. Nr. Amrapali Railway Fatak
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station Raiya Road
Rajkot – 360001 Rajkot - 360001
Ph. No–(0281)2224362,2235030 Ph.No–(0281)2440478,2472590
SHREE H.N.SHUKLA COLLEGE OF IT & MGMT.
May Might
Must Ought to
Need Dare
MODALS are used to express the various moods and attitudes of a speaker like :
Permission
Ability
Advice, Suggestion or Duty
Possibility
Promise
Intention
Request
Necessity, Compulsion
Prohibition
Wish
Challenge
UNIT II LETTER WRITING
Ch. 6. FORMAL LETTERS
Unlike Informal letters, FORMAL LETTERS are written to officials and authorities,
business firms, educational institutions, newspapers and editors etc.
Therefore, FORMAL LETTERS must be :
• short
• clear
• concise
• formal in style
• polite and courteous
LAYOUT / INWARD STRUCTURE OF A FORMAL LETTER
The main elements of a formal letter are :
• The Heading : which includes the sender’s address and the date
• The Inside Address : the receiver’s address

5. SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road 2 – Vaishalinagar
Nr. Shaligram App. Nr. Amrapali Railway Fatak
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station Raiya Road
Rajkot – 360001 Rajkot - 360001
Ph. No–(0281)2224362,2235030 Ph.No–(0281)2440478,2472590
SHREE H.N.SHUKLA COLLEGE OF IT & MGMT.
• The Salutation
• The Subject Line
• The Body
• The Complimentary Close
• The Signature
Ch. 7. BUSINESS LETTERS
Business Letters play an important role in commercial correspondence.
A Business Letter serves the following purposes :
• Communicates commercial information
• Maintains a permanent record of the company’s business transactions
• Expands the company’s commercial relations and business market
LAYOUT / INWARD STRUCTURE OF A BUSINESS LETTER
The main elements of a business letter are :
• The Heading
• The Date Line
• The Inside Address
• The Salutation
• The Subject Line
• The Body
• The Complimentary Close
• The Signature
OTHER IMPORTANT PARTS OF A BUSINESS LETTER
• The Enclosure Line
• The Reference Line
• The Attention Line
• The Identification Initials
• Postscript
KINDS OF BUSINESS LETTERS
• Letter of Inquiry and Reply to an Inquiry

6. SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road 2 – Vaishalinagar
Nr. Shaligram App. Nr. Amrapali Railway Fatak
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station Raiya Road
Rajkot – 360001 Rajkot - 360001
Ph. No–(0281)2224362,2235030 Ph.No–(0281)2440478,2472590
SHREE H.N.SHUKLA COLLEGE OF IT & MGMT.
• Letter of Order
• Execution of an Order
• Cancellation of an Order
• Letter of Complaint
• Letter of Adjustment
• Sales Letter
• Collection Letter etc.
Ch.8. APPLICATION / RESUME
A Letter of Application is written to sell one’s services. Writing a good application is an
ART – an art which must be mastered in order to get a good job.
A job application usually consists of two parts :
• Cover Letter
• Curriculum Vitae / Resume
LAYOUT / INWARD STRUCTURE OF A COVER LETTER
The main elements of a business letter are :
• The Heading
• The Inside Address
• The Salutation
• The Subject Line
• The Body
• The Complimentary Close
• The Signature
RESUME
A Resume is a list of skills and achievements to be presented before the recruiter so
as the give an idea of one’s abilities to the prospective employer.
LAYOUT / INWARD STRUCTURE OF A RESUME
• Personal Details

7. SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road 2 – Vaishalinagar
Nr. Shaligram App. Nr. Amrapali Railway Fatak
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station Raiya Road
Rajkot – 360001 Rajkot - 360001
Ph. No–(0281)2224362,2235030 Ph.No–(0281)2440478,2472590
SHREE H.N.SHUKLA COLLEGE OF IT & MGMT.
• Career objective
• Educational Qualification
• Other Achievements
• Skills Acquired
• Work Experience
• Field Work
• Interests / Hobbies
• References
• Signature
UNIT III REPORT WRITING
A Report is a basic management tool used in decision making.
It is a short formal statement of what happened, why and what should be done.
BUSINESS REPORT
A Business Report must be concise, clear, correct, logical and precise.
LAYOUT / INWARD STRUCTURE OF A BUSINESS REPORT
The main elements of a business report are :
• The Heading
• The Date
• The Inside Address
• The Salutation
• The Subject Line
• Introductory Paragraph
• Findings and Recommendations
• Last Paragraph
• The Complimentary Close
• The Signature
PRESS REPORT

8. SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road 2 – Vaishalinagar
Nr. Shaligram App. Nr. Amrapali Railway Fatak
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station Raiya Road
Rajkot – 360001 Rajkot - 360001
Ph. No–(0281)2224362,2235030 Ph.No–(0281)2440478,2472590
SHREE H.N.SHUKLA COLLEGE OF IT & MGMT.
Press Reports are written on almost anything and everything in the world.
Press Reports must be factual and must answer the questions like who, what, where, when
and why. It must begin with an eye-catching headline and must be written in a manner that
interests the prospective reader. It must also give sufficient contact information.
UNIT IV
WRITING SKILLS AND VOCABULARY
Essay Writing on topics of Current Affairs
Translation from English to Gujarati and from Gujarati to English
Comprehension
Text Vocabulary
• Words Often Confused
• One Word Substitution
• Synonyms and Antonyms