This collaborative paper describes the power of youth advocacy and engagement to advance an effective child welfare policy agenda.

1. Amplifying Youth Voices to Advance
Child Welfare System Reform
The Annie E. Casey Foundation /Casey Family Services
September 2010

2. Table of Contents
Executive Summary ............................................................................................... 1
Introduction .......................................................................................................... 4
Connecticut’s Young Advocates .............................................................................. 6
The First Steps ........................................................................................... 6
Youth Advocacy Day Events ...................................................................... 7
The Second Youth Advocacy Day ............................................................ 10
The Youth Advocacy Leadership Academy ............................................... 12
Legislative Initiatives .............................................................................. 16
Presentations to National Audiences ...................................................... 19
Lessons Learned that Can Inform Other Youth Advocacy Efforts ......................... 21
Tips for Other Communities .............................................................................. 23
Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 24

3. Executive Summary
As part of its mission to advance sound public policy, Casey Family Services
actively engages young people in foster care as advocates in system reform. In
November 2004, the Casey Family Services Policy Department convened staff
in the agency’s Connecticut offices to discuss how to effectively engage state
legislative and executive leadership on child welfare policy issues. From these
conversations emerged a commitment to engage young people served by the
agency in policy advocacy. To support this effort, policy and communications
staff held focus groups with young people to determine and develop shared policy
priorities for the agency and the youth’s Connecticut work. Through the young
people, a policy agenda to promote sibling and other family connections for
children and youth in foster care emerged.
Fully engaged by the topic, the youth prepared for, and held on May 2, 2005,
their first Youth Advocacy Day, entitled “Someone to Care, A Place to Belong –
Lifelong Connections for Connecticut Youth in Foster Care.” Six young advocates
discussed the importance of lifelong relationships and actively engaged in dialogue
with legislative leaders. As a follow up to the event, the participants later met with
the Commissioner of the Connecticut Department of Children and Families and
with the state’s Chief Child Protection Attorney.
On May 15, 2007, the second Youth Advocacy Day, entitled “Family, School, and
Legal Supports for Adolescents in Care: Keeping Youth Connected and Protected,”
was held. The young people took full responsibility for planning, moderating, and
presenting on sibling and family connections, adequate legal representation for
children and youth in foster care, and stability in school placements. Following
this event, State Representative Tony Walker invited the young advocates to work
with her to develop a bill for then upcoming legislative session.
To prepare themselves for these meetings with Walker, the youth worked
with Casey staff to create a Youth Advocacy Leadership Academy (YALA), an
opportunity for participants to develop leadership and advocacy skills to improve
their own lives and the foster care system at large. Held in October 2007, the
first annual YALA provided young advocates with the skills they needed to work
effectively to support policy development. That work resulted in the drafting of
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4. Senate Bill 159: An Act Concerning Foster Placement and Education, introduced
in 2008. Though the bill was not enacted, the young advocates learned invaluable
lessons in legislative advocacy, including the reality that change takes time and
patience.
Parallel to these actions, the Casey Family Services Policy Department undertook
an effort to deepen its knowledge about the issues identified as great concern by
the youth. Specifically, educational stability emerged as an issue in Connecticut.
While public policy advocates such as Connecticut Voices for Children and the
Center for Children’s Advocacy had begun to formulate legislative proposals, the
consumers most impacted by a lack of educational stability – children and youth
placed in foster care – were unaware of reform efforts.
A two-pronged approach was then designed to further educate Connecticut’s
young advocates about educational stability, and to have these advocates educate
other youth placed in foster care, as well as adult stakeholders across the country.
In 2008, the reach of the young advocates expanded to national audiences. They
gave presentations at a range of national conferences where they inspired other
young people to become advocates for child welfare reform. The youth further
strengthened their policy and legislative advocacy skills at the second annual YALA
and a December 2008 Education Forum at which they educated state leadership
on the importance of educational stability for children and youth in foster care. As
a result of the forum, in 2009, an education bill was introduced: HB 6497: An Act
Concerning Education Stability for Children in Foster Care. The young advocates
played key roles in supporting the bill, which passed into law in 2010.
In October 2009, a third YALA was held, focusing on the federal Fostering
Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008. The session
sought to emphasize the significance of the Act for young people in Connecticut
foster care. The young advocates significantly benefited from the YALA in terms
of knowledge, skills, and peer support, according to evaluations. Their work
continued as the young people engaged other young people in foster care as
advocates.
Much has been learned from the work of the Connecticut young advocates
that can be translated into other youth advocacy efforts. The power of youth
advocacy to impact policy, the power of advocacy for youth themselves, and the
power of youth advocacy to build new bridges emerged as key lessons. Through
this experience, Casey Family Services identified several essential elements for
supporting young advocates: committed resources, supportive leadership within
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5. the agency, the creation of a safe space for young people, consistent training,
support from the youths’ social workers and foster parents, communications staff
to help youth craft cohesive and compelling messages and learn the art of strategic
sharing, and, perhaps most importantly, the need for young people themselves to
drive the process.
Acknowledgments
Casey Family Services, the direct service agency of the Annie E. Casey Foundation,
wishes to thank the young advocates of Connecticut who tirelessly seek a better
day for all children and youth in foster care. They have inspired and energized us
in our commitment to fully incorporate the voices of young people to advance
sound public policy. The agency also thanks Lamond Daniels and Karina Jimenez
Lewis for their leadership in significantly increasing the number of child welfare-
related youth advocacy opportunities sponsored by the organization.
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6. Introduction
Over the past decade, an increasing emphasis on involving young people in foster
care reform has developed. In addition to improving the system, the benefits to
the individual also are significant. Young people develop new skills and attitudes,
refine values, and gain insights through their participation in causes bigger than
themselves. Their engagement in foster care system reform provides them with
opportunities for positive development, which prepares them to be successful adults.
Studies have shown that engaging youth in decision making has positive effects on
both adults and organizations. Youth involvement helps organizations to clarify
their mission and make their programming more responsive to young people.
Youth involvement has been found to enhance adults’ perception of young people’s
competence, to heighten adults’ commitment and energy, and to make them more
aware of the needs and concerns of youth (citation needed).
Casey Family Services’ mission includes a commitment to “advance sound public
policy.” This commitment deepened in 2002 with the establishment of a Policy
Department. Sania Metzger, the department’s first and current director of policy,
reflects that she brought to Casey “her commitment and understanding of the
essential role parent and youth perspectives bring to the shaping of policy to reform
child welfare systems.” She formed this view while working as legislative counsel for
more than a decade to Roger Green, former chair of the New York State Assembly
standing committee on Children and Families.
“As a young advocate, my goal is to show youth that we don’t have to be a
statistic in the world’s eyes. We are just like ‘normal’ kids but without normal
situations. We can excel and we can speak out to change things we do not
agree with.”
- Young Advocate
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7. This paper describes the agency’s support of young people in the Connecticut foster
care system to effectively advocate for change. It then shares the lessons learned
through this engagement process in order to inform other agencies’ efforts to engage
youth in systems reform.
As the direct service agency of the Annie E. Casey Foundation, Casey Family
Services works to build better futures for children and families. Since the work
highlighted in this report was implemented, the Casey Foundation has integrated
its own policy staff with the policy, research, and communications teams at Casey
Family Services, forming the Policy, Research, and Communications Group
(PRCG). Now part of the Foundation’s Center for Effective Family Services and
Systems, PRCG works to advance significant, measureable, and enduring policy
reforms to improve the lives of children, youth, and their families. Raising the voices
of youth and families is central to the Center’s reform strategies.
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8. Connecticut’s Young Advocates
The First Steps
In November 2004, the Casey Family Services Policy Department convened staff
from the Bridgeport and Hartford divisions and agency administration to identify
policy issues on which to engage the Connecticut legislature and senior executive
staff, including the Department of Children and Families (DCF) Commissioner. The
Connecticut Policy and Advocacy Strategy Group, as this group was named, included
the directors, deputy directors, life-skills specialists, and community liaisons from
each of the two divisions, as well as the policy and communications staff from
administration. Staff collectively agreed that issues impacting youth in foster care
should be the priority. Given that focus, they convened focus groups of youth to
identify the most appropriate issues to engage both policymakers and DCF senior staff.
In December 2004, two focus groups were held: one in Bridgeport, facilitated by
the community liaison and a communications staff member, and one in Hartford,
facilitated by the life skills specialist in that division, the then senior program
associate for life skills from administration, and a communications staff member.
Young people were invited to join together for dinner and share their stories. Each
focus group was comprised of 15 youth who were currently in or had been in foster
care. These young people represented a range of ages, races, and ethnicities.
The facilitators began by asking: “If you were talking with state legislators, the DCF
Commissioner, or the Governor, what would you say to them about your experience in
the system?” They also were asked to share what was helpful to them, what was missing,
and what changes they would recommend to improve the child welfare system.
“I am really proud of myself. I am most
proud that I am an advocate.”
- Young Advocate
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9. The two focus groups generated more than 30 issues to be addressed. The facilitators
summarized this list and shared them with the focus group participants when
they reconvened one month later. Through a process of prioritizing issues, the
participants identified these as the top issues:
• Facilitating pre-placement with prospective foster parents in order to promote
compatible relationships,
• Providing adequate information on the rights of youth in foster care, and
• Promoting sibling and other family connections.
The discussion then focused on identifying the issue on which young people were
most likely to have the greatest impact and where there were opportunities for
change within the child welfare field. Thinking strategically, participants identified
promoting sibling and other family connections as an area where DCF would be
able to make immediate change. DCF already had a policy on sibling connections,
but it was not being implemented uniformly, the group felt.
Youth Advocacy Day Events
The First Youth Advocacy Day
Preparation. From January through April 2005, Casey staff, coordinated by Lamond
Daniels, then a community liaison in the Bridgeport Division, identified a group of
20 youth in foster care and alumni interested in sharing their stories and advocating
for change. Some of the youth had participated in the focus groups; others were
newly identified. Plans for a Youth Advocacy Day were set in motion.
In preparation for the event on May 2, 2005, in the main hearing room at the
State Legislative Building, young people made two trips to the State Capitol to
hand deliver invitations and flyers to legislators. Representative Lydia Martinez, a
legislative leader for youth in foster care, welcomed the young people to her office,
gave a tour of the Capitol, shepherded them through the hearing room where they
would testify, and educated them about the legislative process. Casey staff and the
young people worked together to select six young people to make two-minute
presentations. Twelve other youth made up a “support team” for the speakers. The
support team also was encouraged to ask and answer questions from legislators, state
officials, and other audience members.
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10. All the young people were involved in preparing for the hearing, receiving hands-
on training from Roye Anastasio-Bourke, communications manager at Casey. The
youth who were presenting were provided with additional assistance in honing their
presentation skills and developing their stories about being removed from their
families, being placed in family foster care or group care, facing an uncertain future,
and losing contact with their siblings. All the young people participated in role-plays
and practiced responses to possible questions by legislators, such as, “Why is this
important?” and “What difference will this make?” They learned how to handle the
realities of testifying in the legislative environment, including legislators coming
and going and using cell phones and other devices during presentations. The young
people took advantage of tips on presentations, dress, behavior, and overcoming
“stage fright.” They learned the concept of “strategic sharing,” placing a filter on
what they chose to tell others about their personal lives. They learned that it was vital
to balance managing the realities of their lives with sharing a compelling story to
move legislators to positive action. Underlying this work was a firm commitment to
eliminating any element of exploitation, voyeurism, or self-aggrandizement.
As part of the preparation process, Casey Family Services Policy Director Sania
Metzger developed a brief entitled Policy Viewpoint: Youth in Foster Care Need
Connections to Family: Call for Visits with Siblings. This document reinforced the
key messages that the young people were primed to deliver:
• DCF should adhere rigorously to existing sibling visitation regulations and policies;
• DCF should provide training to its caseworkers on the importance of sibling and
other family connections for youth in foster care, and invite foster care alumni to
participate in those trainings; and
• Incentives should be offered by DCF to the local or regional offices that
demonstrate the greatest improvement in facilitating frequent sibling visits.
Each Connecticut legislator received a copy of the brief, including those who were
not present at Youth Advocacy Day.
The planning for Youth Advocacy Day brought together natural allies – Casey
Family Services, the State of Connecticut Office of the Child Advocate, and the
Connecticut Commission on Children – as sponsors.
The Event. The inaugural Youth Advocacy Day took place on May 2, 2005, at
the State Capitol. Representative Lydia Martinez was the legislative host and
Representatives Lile Gibbons and Kenneth Green were the legislative co-hosts. Six
current and former foster youth from across the state discussed the importance of
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11. establishing lifelong connections and engaged in an inspiring dialogue about their
lives in foster care and their hopes for a brighter future for all children and youth in
foster care. Several legislators promised to put youth concerns “front and center” in
the next legislative session. Then DCF Commissioner Darlene Dunbar immediately
expressed interest in following up with the young people about their concerns.
Follow Up. Immediately following the second Youth Advocacy Day, the young
advocates wrote a letter to DCF Commissioner Dunbar, formally inviting her to
meet with them. She promptly accepted. She and DCF senior staff met with seven
Casey youth advocates (from both the Hartford and Bridgeport divisions) and
staff from the Hartford Division, as well as from the administration’s policy and
communications departments. The Commissioner spoke with the young advocates
about sibling relationships, childcare for teen mothers in foster care, and support
for transitioning teens. A direct result of hearing the youth voices, she announced a
sibling activities plan, for which DCF had allocated $200,000, which involved hiring
a sibling specialist to oversee the Department’s efforts to sustain sibling connections.
As a follow up to the meeting, annual meetings were scheduled between DCF and
Casey Family Services.
In 2006, Casey youth advocates and staff met with the newly appointed Chief Child
Protection Attorney Carolyn Signorelli. This meeting focused on the quality of legal
representation for children and youth in Connecticut foster care. Signorelli found a
room full of young people prepared to describe their experiences with their attorneys
in foster care, including young people who were learning for the first time that they
even had an attorney available to them. The young people were able to speak directly
to the person in charge, and Signorelli was able to share her recommendations for
strengthening the legal representation for children and youth in the child welfare
system and their parents.
“A lot of people in foster care struggle with education. Education is important. I
really want this legislation to pass. We have a lot of money for other things in the
world. It’s really important to help people in foster care to stay in school.”
- Young Advocate
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12. The Second Youth Advocacy Day
The Event. The second Youth Advocacy Day, called “Family, School, and Legal
Supports for Adolescents in Our Care: Keeping Youth Connected and Protected,”
was held on May 15, 2007. The co-hosts were Deputy House Speaker Marie Lopez
Kirkley-Bey, Senator Eric Coleman, and Representatives Lile Gibbons and Anne
Ruwet. The Annie E. Casey Foundation/Casey Family Services, Connecticut
Commission on Child Protection, Connecticut Office of the Child Advocate, and
Connecticut Voices for Children jointly sponsored the event.
Young people in foster care and recent system alumni directed all planning for
the second Youth Advocacy Day. They set the agenda, moderated, presented, and
coordinated the activities. Their focus, as the title of the Youth Advocacy Day
indicates, was on sibling and family connections, adequate legal representation, and
stability in school placements.
The young planners asked their peers about their willingness to speak on each of
these issues and about the stories they had to share that could provide compelling
reasons for legislative action. As before, presenters and the “support team”
were selected and prepared as they had been for the first Youth Advocacy Day.
Connecticut Voices for Children arranged for law students to meet with the young
advocates to document their stories.
The second Youth Advocacy Day featured the young advocate’s presentations of their
stories, which deeply moved the assembled audience.
The Youth Advocacy Day produced important results. Acting DCF Commissioner
Brian Mattiello promised to keep lines of communication open with the youth.
Senator Ed Gomes validated the importance of ties to siblings and family, sharing
his personal story of living with his godmother for a year and his yearning to
return to his 10 siblings, despite the wonderful care that his godmother provided.
Representative Toni Walker issued a challenge to the young advocates. She had
heard a “laundry list of issues” and wanted them to tell her what needed to happen
next. She stated that she would meet with them before the next legislative session to
identify key issues, so her staff could draft legislation to be introduced in the next
legislative session.
Follow Up. Following the second Youth Advocacy Day, the young advocates and
Casey staff clarified next steps: (1) to continue to groom and support youth to build
personal capacity, (2) to cultivate relationships already established with legislative co-
10

13. hosts and cosponsors, and (3) to continue to raise awareness among decision-makers
about issues that impact adolescents in foster care.
Within a matter of weeks, the young advocates met with newly named DCF
Commissioner Susan Hamilton, who was to be confirmed in her position the
following week. This introductory meeting familiarized her with Casey Family
Services and the work of the young advocates. There was instant agreement that
DCF and the young advocates needed to continue their dialogue.
With the invitation from Representative Walker to meet and discuss issues for the
2008 Legislative Session in mind, the young advocates held a debriefing session
immediately following the event. They agreed that they needed training to be fully
prepared to meet with her. From that round table debriefing in August 2007, the
vision of a Youth Advocacy Leadership Academy was born.
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14. The Youth Advocacy Leadership Academy
The young advocates worked with Daniels to translate their vision into a proposal
for a Casey Family Services Youth Advocacy Leadership Academy (YALA). Together,
they designed the Academy as a two-day training to offer older youth an opportunity
to develop leadership and advocacy skills to improve their lives and advocate for
reform of the foster care system. With the approval of Casey Family Services, YALA
was developed with seven goals for participating young people:
• To discover their own voices;
• To learn and explore their rights within the foster care system;
• To enhance their presentation skills to address various audiences;
• To learn how to examine public policy issues, basic formulations of bills, and
enactment of laws and how to analyze policy solutions;
• To enhance their leadership abilities by identifying how to take action and
responsibility;
• To increase knowledge and understanding of civic and citizenship responsibility;
and
• To serve as peer educators and an advisory group to youth and professionals.
The young people developed the phrase, “Youth advocates get PAID,” to capture
what YALA was designed to accomplish. PAID means:
• Prepare youth to articulate and present their public policy ideas.
• Assist them by examining how public policy is formulated and enacted.
• Introduce youth to the child welfare arena from a system’s perspective.
• Develop and gain assistance in building solid foundational skills in order to achieve
their goals and future dreams in life.
As developed, YALA provides young advocates with opportunities to develop
tangible and intangible skills – enhanced self-esteem along with improved conflict
resolution, decision making, negotiating and problem-solving skills – that are
beneficial for youth as they progress into adulthood. YALA prepares them to share
their experiences to educate the public and policymakers, present at resource parent
training sessions, and speak at regional and national conferences. It also provides
young advocates with skills to serve as peer leaders and educators to engage other
foster youth or professionals and serve on national advisory boards.
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15. YALA has five key features.
• Principles of youth development strategies are used to identify issues that are most
important to young advocates.
• A focus on empowering young advocates shapes the agenda and identifies the
training topics.
• The development of training modules is driven by individual youths’ desires to
make a difference.
• These training modules include elements of self-empowerment and self-
determination through the use of role-plays.
• Youth advocates are engaged in workshops and their testimony is recorded for
critique and fun.
First Annual Youth Advocacy Leadership Academy
The First Annual Youth Advocacy Leadership Academy was held October 26 and
28, 2007, with a focus on preparing participants for their upcoming meeting
with Representative Toni Walker. The two-day academy was held at the Marriot
Courtyard Hotel in Cromwell, Connecticut. Young people who had participated
in the two Youth Advocacy Days also attended the academy. The young advocates
participated in group exercises and interactive workshops – including “Public Policy
101,” “Taking My Story to Our Story,” “Advocacy: What Does the Word Really
Mean?” and “Practice Makes Perfect Exercise” – conducted by Casey Family Services
and Connecticut Voices for Children. The advocates engaged in discussions on
becoming peer leaders and educators. Young advocates immersed themselves in the
legislative process and developed self-advocacy skills to use in their everyday lives.
YALA was a highly successful experience for the participating young people and
validated key elements in successfully bringing together young advocates. The first
YALA reinforced:
• the wisdom of communicating to young people what was expected of them;
• the benefits of close chaperoning (1:4 staff-to-youth ratio) and adherence to curfews;
• the importance of paying stipends to young people who participate in training and
advocacy activities;
• the significant impact of agency leaders to inspire young people and instill a sense
of decorum;
13

16. • the importance of reviewing the presenters’ materials to ensure the accessibility of
the information for young people; and
• the necessity of having clinical expertise onsite to meet the emotional needs of
young people.
It also was valuable to have Casey staff members observing the presentations from
experts so they could clarify presenters’ messages, engage youth in discussion, and
ensure that youth were connecting with the information provided.
The Second Annual Youth Advocacy Leadership Academy
In planning for the Second Annual Youth Advocacy Leadership Academy, held October
17 to 19, 2008, Casey staff asked seven youth from the Hartford Division and seven youth
from the Bridgeport Division what they wanted to learn next, and how they wanted to
deepen their understanding of policy issues and advocacy. Once again, their interests drove
the planning. Foster care alumni actively were engaged in the program to mentor
and inspire youth in foster care and to share their experiences after foster care with
the younger participants. The alumni participated throughout the retreat, connecting
with the young advocates and providing them with the benefits of their experiences at
college and in the work world, serving as positive role models for life after foster care.
As with the first YALA, youth learned about developing policy and the legislative process.
They engaged in activities designed to help them focus on what they believed should
change in foster care. Young people left YALA with a deeper understanding of policy and
greater skills in using their personal stories strategically to influence policy. As part of an
exercise, one young participant drafted a “letter” to the Department of Children and
Families, explaining how he wanted to live with a relative, a desire that he was only able
to express in writing. His letter, though done as an exercise and never sent, led to
positive results, reinforcing his confidence in his ability to advocate for himself. Based on
observations from facilitators, many young people showed considerable personal growth
as a result of the YALA, gaining confidence and knowledge.
“It was so exciting to work with Representative Walker. She gets the big picture and
she knows when something is not right and fixes it to the best of her ability. She
gave me words of inspiration to keep advocating for the youth in the system that
aren’t able to publicly speak out.”
- Young Advocate
14

17. The Third Annual Youth Advocacy Leadership Academy
Because not all participants in the third YALA had the opportunity to attend
previous academies, the organizers wanted to ensure to that all youth had a working
knowledge of child welfare policy advocacy ahead of the academy. Therefore, the
third YALA, held October 16 to 18, 2009, was preceded by a two-hour educational
session to deepen the youth advocates’ knowledge and understanding of the policy
issues at hand; specifically the new mandates and provisions for youth in foster
care as spelled out in the federal Fostering Connections to Success and Increasing
Adoptions Act of 2008. Further, the orientation session deepened the youths’
knowledge of legislative core concepts, processes, and their own potential impact as
key informants.
Eleven youth from the Bridgeport and Hartford divisions participated in the third
YALA. Seven of the young people had formerly participated in YALAs and four
were newly recruited. Key areas of focus were activity in the Connecticut Legislature
with respect to educational stability for children and youth in foster care and the
new federal legislation. Youth advocates dissected the Fostering Connections Act:
its history, its provisions, how it would impact their lives, and the anticipated
impact for Connecticut. Representatives from the Jim Casey Youth Opportunities
Initiative, as part of an ongoing partnership with Casey Family Services, provided
the young advocates with a thorough understanding of the law. The young people
had opportunities to deepen their understanding and skills through workshops that
focused on crafting an advocacy message and using a range of advocacy strategies
and skills. One workshop, “Putting it All Together: Letting Your Voice be Heard,”
provided young advocates with opportunities to learn how to disseminate their
advocacy messages through new media and social networking sites.
The young advocates committed to continuing their work together to learn more
about the new federal legislation and to develop written material that could be used
as an advocacy tool. This product, to be finalized in content and form by the young
advocates, will focus on what children and youth in foster care should know about
the federal legislation. The goal is to design a product that can be disseminated
throughout Casey Family Services and more broadly.
At the conclusion of the YALA, the young advocates formed a planning committee
for the next Youth Advocacy Day. For the first time, the youth completed an
evaluation of their experiences. Ten of the 11 young people rated the YALA as
“excellent” or “good” in terms of its benefits for them. Nine rated their ability to
understand and learn from the YALA weekend as “very good” or “excellent.” All of
the young people stated that they would attend similar events.
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18. Legislative Initiatives
State Senate Bill 159: An Act Concerning Foster Placement and Education
After the first YALA, young advocates met with State Representative Toni Walker
in February 2008. Walker inspired their work by affirming their rights and the
importance of making foster care a better system to support children and young
people. She asked the group about the challenges faced in changing schools as a
result of placement changes. Walker proposed that the young advocates focus on the
educational needs of children and youth in foster care, as there already was legislative
activity on educational issues. The young advocates enthusiastically collaborated on
this proposal.
Representative Walker and the young advocates spent three hours discussing how
the education of children and youth in foster care should be addressed. The young
people shared their educational experiences and suggested specific approaches,
including a requirement that children and youth be allowed to remain in their
schools of origin if they are placed within 25 miles of their schools. From this work,
legislation was drafted for introduction in the 2008 General Session, resulting in
Senate Bill 159: An Act Concerning Foster Placement and Education.
On February 28, 2008, four youth advocates were invited to testify before the
Legislative Select Committee on Children about their experiences changing schools
due to foster home moves. Because the Connecticut Legislature schedules hearings
only three days ahead of time, the young advocates’ participation as witnesses had to
be arranged very quickly. Luckily, the YALA training had prepared four young women
16

19. to testify on short notice. At the hearing, Representative Walker spoke first and then
introduced the young advocates, noting that they had informed her work on the bill.
Addressing a standing-room-only audience of approximately 70 people, the young
advocates provided compelling testimony on the issue of educational stability.
Following the hearing, the Select Committee on Children, as well as the Educational
Committee, approved SB 159 with enormous support. The Appropriations
Committee attached a nominal dollar amount ($200,000) to the bill. The Hartford
Courant, the state’s newspaper of record, published an editorial in support of
educational stability and quoted one of the young advocates. However, because of
spending freezes across the state, SB 159 and virtually all other bills with a fiscal impact
were not included in the biennial budget request of the 2008 legislative session.
Though disappointed in the ultimate result, the young advocates learned important
advocacy strategies and tools that proved instrumental as their work continued into
future legislative sessions. They learned how to track a bill and communicate in
person and in writing with legislators on behalf of important issues. They learned
other valuable lessons: the importance of follow up with legislators and staff, the
need to keep open the lines of communication, and the importance of assessing
tactical achievements even when the overall goal is not achieved.
The Education Stability Forum
Fresh from the YALA training, young advocates played active roles in the Educational
Stability Forum held December 2, 2008, in Hartford. Cosponsored by the Annie
E. Casey Foundation/Casey Family Services and Connecticut Voices for Children,
the forum brought attention to educational stability before the start of a new state
legislative session. In addition, it highlighted the recent passage of the federal Fostering
Connections to Success and Increasing Adoptions Act of 2008 and its mandates to
states regarding educational stability for children and youth in foster care. Two youth
advocates, Shakeisha and Dominque, opened the forum with a panel, sharing their
educational experiences in foster care. They set the tone for the entire event and
delivered key messages that were referenced by each subsequent presenter.
Following the opening panel, attendees -- including legislators, representatives
from the Department of Children and Families and the Department of Education,
researchers, and advocates – learned what research says about the importance of
educational stability for children and youth in foster care. They heard the views of a
17

20. Connecticut Representative Toni Walker and learned about the federal legislation’s
education mandates. They learned from the State of Oregon about its legislation
and efforts to ensure educational stability for children and youth in foster care. The
Forum also heard directly from DCF Commissioner Susan Hamilton and Anne
Louise Thompson, chief, Bureau of Special Education of the Connecticut State
Department of Education. At the time, the Commissioners pledged to implement
educational stability by July 2009. DCF Commissioner Susan Hamilton said her
department would work with the State Department of Education to draft legislation
on educational stability for consideration in the upcoming session.
HB 6497: An Act Concerning Educational Stability for Children in Foster Care
As promised by participants at the December 2008 forum, an educational stability bill
— HB 6497: An Act Concerning Educational Stability for Children in Foster Care —
was introduced during the 2009 legislative session. The Education Committee’s Joint
Favorable Report listed the young advocates among the sources of support for the bill:
Aisha D., a Casey Family Services foster child, supports the bill. By the age of 12,
she had been enrolled in several different elementary schools. She feels strongly
that moving to different schools has a great deal of effect on the individual’s spirit,
emotional well-being, and physical health.
Cheneice O., a DCF foster child, supports the bill. She states that it is hard to keep
track of all of the places she has lived and different schools she has attended. In
seven years, she has attended eight different schools. Educational stability is critical
to a young person’s development. It is also important to have good and consistent
transportation to and from school.
Vanessa G., a former foster child, supports the bill. She states that, as a child she
lived in more than 20 placements and changed schools more than 10 times. Because
of the continued disruptions, she struggles with the shame of not being able to
master basic math principles and study skills. A new school is a daunting challenge.
Add to that lost transcripts, lack of transportation, learning gaps, no continuity or
support, and you have a recipe for failure.
Dominque S., a Casey Family Services foster child, supports the bill. She was placed
in three different high schools during her sophomore year. Each school had different
books, different learning methods, different learning rates, and different teachers.
She was in the foster care system for 14 years.
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21. The Education Committee overwhelmingly supported the bill. HB 6497 was
later combined with SB 31, the Governor’s bill, which at the closing of the 2010
legislative session had passed both the House and Senate and was signed by the
Governor. Appropriations were made at $3 million after enactment; the legislation
went into effect on July 1, 2010.
Presentations to National Audiences
To support the growing importance of the agency’s work around educational stability,
Karina Jiménez Lewis, Casey’s senior policy associate, secured presentations at
national conferences with large audiences eager to learn about the important policy
implications of this issue, as well as the work of young advocates as peer educators.
In 2007, Lewis and David Johnston, Casey’s senior program associate for permanence,
worked with Cheniece, DaHanne, Cameron, and Tiffany on the first presentation at
the Casey Family Programs-sponsored It’s My Life conference in Atlanta, Georgia.
For the 2008 conference, which took place in Los Angeles, Lewis and Daniels had
youth take a more active role in the preparation and delivery of the presentation,
effectively positioning youth advocates Vanessa G. and Taki M. as the faces of this
policy issue.
The young advocates’ reach expanded to national audiences in 2008. At the National
Convening on Youth Permanence, hosted by the Annie E. Casey Foundation/Casey
Family Services and Casey Family Programs in May 2008, Daniels moderated a
To effectively get our story across, we learned:
• To be articulate in expressing ourselves
• To be in control of ourselves as we share our stories and messages
• To gain confidence in our ability to change policy
• To have patience and recognize that policy change takes time
• To gain an understanding that we can do something to help others even
if it does not help us personally
• To understand the legislative process
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22. plenary session of young people formerly in foster care. Cheniece, one of the young
advocates, shared her experiences in foster care with an audience of more than 600
child welfare leaders from federal, state, and county child welfare agencies and
advocacy organizations. Another youth advocate presented a workshop with Daniels
in which they shared key ways to support youth advocates.
In 2009, Lewis and Daniels spoke to a group of professionals at the Black
Administrators in Child Welfare conference in California about educational stability
and other permanency issues. By then, momentum had continued to build in
Connecticut and elsewhere.
At every presentation, it was confirmed what those working in youth advocacy
have known for a long time: that when anchored by substantive knowledge of the
issues and self-confidence, youth advocates are a formidable voice to achieve needed
reforms in child welfare.
Current and Upcoming Issues
The work of the Connecticut young advocates continues. In Casey’s Bridgeport
Division, young advocates meet monthly so that they can remain current on the
issues that face young people in foster care and plan future strategies to engage
policymakers and legislators. The young advocates are placing particular emphasis on
engaging more youth in foster care as potential advocates. The Casey Camp Accord,
which the Bridgeport Division hosts each February for young people in foster care
from all Casey divisions, continues to be a forum for young people to focus on
advocacy to reform the child welfare system.
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23. Lessons Learned that Can Inform Other
Youth Advocacy Efforts
Three key lessons emerged through the work of Connecticut’s young advocates: (1)
the power of youth advocacy to impact policy; (2) the power of youth advocacy for
the young people themselves; and (3) the power of youth advocacy to build bridges
with natural allies.
The Power of Youth Advocacy in Impacting Policy
The work of these youths clearly demonstrates the following.
• Effective advocacy by young people whose lives are affected by the child protective
system can shape positive policy outcomes for all children and youth placed in
foster care. Youth can have considerable influence in policy debates.
• Young advocates’ voices powerfully impact legislators. They are able to frame issues
from a personal perspective that results in positive policy outcomes. Legislators are
transformed by what they hear from young people.
• It is essential to seek out and facilitate youth involvement in policy discussions that
affect their experiences with the child welfare system.
• There is significant value in bringing together youth and adults in a true
partnership to create a platform that is supportive for long-term civic engagement
and advocacy work.
• When space is created for youth to share their voices, professionals can learn a great
deal about how to better engage and improve systems.
The Power of Advocacy for the Young People Themselves
The experiences of the young advocates show the following.
• Young people in foster care have inherent potential as change agents.
• The trauma that young people have experienced is not a barrier to engaging them
as advocates for themselves and others in foster care.
• The advocacy process is healing. For the first time in their foster care experience,
many of the young people were asked: “What do you think?”
• Learning to be an effective advocate provides young people with skills related to
speaking out freely, confident in their knowledge and ability.
• Young people develop new skills that are transferable to their daily lives. Some
young people begin the process believing that they will never be able to speak
before a group and then surprise themselves as they develop confidence and skills as
a result of the acceptance that they experience.
21

24. • The authentic involvement of young people as advocates must be intentional,
equitable, and respected at all levels of an organization in order to fully afford
young people opportunities to learn and participate. In providing young people
with the opportunity to take a leadership role, adults must remind themselves not
to take over.
• The impact of advocacy is profound. Young people develop a foundational
knowledge of systems’ capacity and social contract; public speaking, leadership, and
advocacy skills; and increased interest in civic engagement.
The Power of Youth Advocacy to Build Bridges with Natural Allies
This program provides a strong foundation for building new bridges with natural
allies. As a result of this program, several partnerships have been formed or
strengthened.
• The working partnership between the Bridgeport and Hartford divisions
significantly was strengthened.
• The two divisions have developed strong community partnerships with
Connecticut Voices for Children and other natural allies in the community.
• The two divisions have strengthened their understanding of multi-disciplinary
partnerships and how to work effectively with other professionals, such as lawyers
and law students, in forging collaborations that are youth focused.
“Be an advocate. There is nothing else
like it. All through foster care, I was
never allowed to make decisions.
Other people made decisions, not me.
I learned that I could advocate and
could change things. I have gotten
my life back.”
- Young Advocate
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25. Tips for Other Communities
Casey Family Services’ Bridgeport and Hartford divisions have solid experience in
developing and supporting a powerful youth advocacy program. They have seven
tips for other organizations that seek to develop a strong youth advocacy program.
1. Supportive leadership across different levels is essential. Key ingredients are:
adequate funding to support the participation of young people, the visible
presence of leaders at key events where they communicate their full support of the
program, regular input of leaders into the program, and nurturing staff who are
tasked with implementing the youth advocacy program.
2. Resources are needed to cultivate an effective youth advocacy program, including
stipends for young people and support for staff that make themselves available
after hours. It is essential to be realistic about the demands of advocacy events,
given staff and other resources available. With these considerations in mind, the
Bridgeport and Hartford divisions opted to make the YALAs occur once a year
and Youth Advocacy Days every two years.
3. It is essential to create safe spaces for young people where they can test out new
skills and new roles.
4. Youth advocates need to be trained consistently in order to have opportunities to
personally grow and develop.
5. Youth advocates are more effective when their social workers and their foster and
adoptive parents support their efforts.
6. Involving the Casey Family Services Communications Department from the
outset was a critical step. Casey’s Communications Department staff supported
youth in developing clear messages and public-speaking skills.
7. Young people need to drive the process. As the Bridgeport and Hartford divisions
have discovered, the program evolved organically as young people identified their
needs. For example, it was the youth who determined the need for the YALA.
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26. Conclusion
The story of the Connecticut young advocates is an exciting and inspirational one.
These young people clearly demonstrated how, with the support of Casey Family
Services, they could become dynamic and effective advocates for child welfare system
reform. Much has been learned from the work of these young advocates that can
be translated into youth advocacy efforts in other communities. Their work has
demonstrated the power of youth advocacy to impact policy, the power of advocacy
for youth themselves, and the power of youth advocacy to build new bridges.
From its experience supporting the young advocates in Connecticut, Casey Family
Services has identified critical elements other communities will need: supportive
leadership within the agency, committed resources so that the youth advocacy
program is effective, a safe space for the young people, consistent training for the
young advocates, support from their social workers and foster parents, engaging
communications specialists to help youth craft their messages and learn the art
of strategic sharing, and, perhaps most important, the need for young people
themselves to drive the process.
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28. the annie e. casey foundation
casey family services
127 Church Street
New Haven, Connecticut
06510
Phone: 203.401.6900
Phone: 888.799.kids
Fax: 203.401.6901
www.aecf.org
www.caseyfamilyservices.org
“I urge young advocates to stand up and speak out for what they believe in, and things
will change! Whether it is in one year or 10 years, consistency is the key to success.”
- Young Advocate