This document provides historical context on the relationship between Libya and the United States from the overthrow of King Idris in 1969 by Muammar Gaddafi through Gaddafi's rule. It outlines how Gaddafi nationalized Libya's oil industry and pursued an aggressively anti-Western and anti-Israel foreign policy, deteriorating relations with the US. Notable flashpoints in the adversarial US-Libya relationship included the Gulf of Sidra incidents, US bombing of Libya in 1986, and Libya's involvement in the 1988 Lockerbie bombing of Pan Am Flight 103.
During President Obama's recent visit to Africa, at US$100 million, described as "the most expensive presidential tour ever!", he visited Goree Island, across the bay from Dakar, the capital city of Senegal. There he was photographed at the slave fort's famous door of no return. Obama was quoted as saying: "this is a testament to when we are not vigilant in defence of human rights, what can happen!" Yet, while drawing attention to the slave trade that was outlawed over 200 years ago, he was silent on the much larger, ongoing, Arab slave trade that still plagues Africa.
This document discusses how the intergenerational Afrikan worldview was carried through history by key figures like David Walker, Nat Turner, Maria Stewart, and Henry Highland Garnet. It describes how Walker published an influential appeal calling for liberation of enslaved Africans and likely influenced Turner's slave rebellion. It then discusses how Stewart and Garnet continued advocating for liberation and African rights in the generations following Walker, demonstrating the continuity of the Afrikan worldview across time.
Clan Of Glehinnom The Windsors By IzRealZues528Hz TRUTH
The House of Windsor is accused of involvement in human sacrifice, mind control, ritual abuse, trafficking, and war profiteering. Queen Elizabeth II allegedly takes her name from the bloodthirsty Bathory family. Prince Charles openly claims lineage from Vlad Dracul and owns his castle, while being described as sadistic. Other royals such as Prince Harry and Prince Andrew are accused of cannibalism, militancy, and ties to criminal organizations. The document provides numerous additional accusations against the Windsor family and their alleged global criminal network and cult activities.
This document provides a biography of British explorer Rosita Forbes. It summarizes her early life, education, and first marriage. It then describes her travels around the world with a friend from 1917-1918, visiting over 30 countries. In 1920, Forbes traveled with Egyptian civil servant Ahmed Hassanein to explore the remote Kufra oasis in the Libyan desert, becoming the first non-Muslim woman to enter it. However, the document notes she downplayed Hassanein's role in facilitating the journey in her book about it. It continues with details about Forbes' career as a popular travel writer and speaker after returning from the expedition.
Maroons (from the Spanish word cimarrón: "fugitive, runaway", lit. "living on mountaintops"; from Spanish cima: "top, summit") were runaway slaves in the West Indies, Central America, South America, and North America, who formed independent settlements together. The same designation has also become a derivation for the verb to maroon.
This document provides a biography of British explorer Rosita Forbes. It summarizes her early life and interest in exploration. It then details her first major expedition in 1920-1921 when she accompanied Ahmed Hassanein to explore the remote Kufra oasis in the Libyan desert. Though Hassanein had more expertise, Forbes took credit for planning the journey and downplayed Hassanein's role in her book about the expedition. The expedition was successful in reaching the isolated oasis but Forbes was denied recognition from the Royal Geographical Society due to lack of scientific data collected.
The document provides an overview of African American history in South Florida. It discusses how Africans were brought to Florida and the Caribbean as slaves, and how they formed alliances with Native American tribes like the Seminoles to escape slavery. It describes the development of Black communities in Miami and the legacy of slavery, including Jim Crow laws and the Civil Rights movement. The document examines issues like urban renewal in historically Black neighborhoods and the complex racial dynamics in Miami's history.
The 19th century saw Oman's role in East Africa evolve from a middleman in the slave trade to a major consumer of slaves on clove plantations in Zanzibar. Britain gradually imposed treaties banning the slave trade, increasing Zanzibar's economic dependence on London. Rising demand in Europe drove unprecedented increases in the ivory and slave trades, disrupting African societies and leading traders to encourage more destructive wars to obtain slaves. The social impacts of this transformed trade system were immense and long-lasting in East Africa.
During President Obama's recent visit to Africa, at US$100 million, described as "the most expensive presidential tour ever!", he visited Goree Island, across the bay from Dakar, the capital city of Senegal. There he was photographed at the slave fort's famous door of no return. Obama was quoted as saying: "this is a testament to when we are not vigilant in defence of human rights, what can happen!" Yet, while drawing attention to the slave trade that was outlawed over 200 years ago, he was silent on the much larger, ongoing, Arab slave trade that still plagues Africa.
This document discusses how the intergenerational Afrikan worldview was carried through history by key figures like David Walker, Nat Turner, Maria Stewart, and Henry Highland Garnet. It describes how Walker published an influential appeal calling for liberation of enslaved Africans and likely influenced Turner's slave rebellion. It then discusses how Stewart and Garnet continued advocating for liberation and African rights in the generations following Walker, demonstrating the continuity of the Afrikan worldview across time.
Clan Of Glehinnom The Windsors By IzRealZues528Hz TRUTH
The House of Windsor is accused of involvement in human sacrifice, mind control, ritual abuse, trafficking, and war profiteering. Queen Elizabeth II allegedly takes her name from the bloodthirsty Bathory family. Prince Charles openly claims lineage from Vlad Dracul and owns his castle, while being described as sadistic. Other royals such as Prince Harry and Prince Andrew are accused of cannibalism, militancy, and ties to criminal organizations. The document provides numerous additional accusations against the Windsor family and their alleged global criminal network and cult activities.
This document provides a biography of British explorer Rosita Forbes. It summarizes her early life, education, and first marriage. It then describes her travels around the world with a friend from 1917-1918, visiting over 30 countries. In 1920, Forbes traveled with Egyptian civil servant Ahmed Hassanein to explore the remote Kufra oasis in the Libyan desert, becoming the first non-Muslim woman to enter it. However, the document notes she downplayed Hassanein's role in facilitating the journey in her book about it. It continues with details about Forbes' career as a popular travel writer and speaker after returning from the expedition.
Maroons (from the Spanish word cimarrón: "fugitive, runaway", lit. "living on mountaintops"; from Spanish cima: "top, summit") were runaway slaves in the West Indies, Central America, South America, and North America, who formed independent settlements together. The same designation has also become a derivation for the verb to maroon.
This document provides a biography of British explorer Rosita Forbes. It summarizes her early life and interest in exploration. It then details her first major expedition in 1920-1921 when she accompanied Ahmed Hassanein to explore the remote Kufra oasis in the Libyan desert. Though Hassanein had more expertise, Forbes took credit for planning the journey and downplayed Hassanein's role in her book about the expedition. The expedition was successful in reaching the isolated oasis but Forbes was denied recognition from the Royal Geographical Society due to lack of scientific data collected.
The document provides an overview of African American history in South Florida. It discusses how Africans were brought to Florida and the Caribbean as slaves, and how they formed alliances with Native American tribes like the Seminoles to escape slavery. It describes the development of Black communities in Miami and the legacy of slavery, including Jim Crow laws and the Civil Rights movement. The document examines issues like urban renewal in historically Black neighborhoods and the complex racial dynamics in Miami's history.
The 19th century saw Oman's role in East Africa evolve from a middleman in the slave trade to a major consumer of slaves on clove plantations in Zanzibar. Britain gradually imposed treaties banning the slave trade, increasing Zanzibar's economic dependence on London. Rising demand in Europe drove unprecedented increases in the ivory and slave trades, disrupting African societies and leading traders to encourage more destructive wars to obtain slaves. The social impacts of this transformed trade system were immense and long-lasting in East Africa.
What is SWOT?
SWOT is a business self assessment. It is taking inventory of your Strengths & Weaknesses within your organization as well as the Opportunities & Threats the market presents that could greatly affect your business.
Why Conduct a SWOT?
It defines your strengths so that you can weave them into your message...your unique selling proposition, and answers that all important question, "Why You?"
I recognizes your Weaknesses so that you can counter them. Remember when Ronald Reagan was running for President? A perceived issue was his age...how did he handle it? He used the famous quip "I will not make age an issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit, for political purposes, my opponent's youth and inexperience."
It identifies where your Opportunities are within the market. Why is this important? Let's face it every business has a target market. You can't be everything to everyone...if you try your message will be lost. Wal-Mart has it's niche...Nordstrom's has theirs. Can you imagine the confusion if each tried ti market to the others customers? You think they know who their customers are and how to reach them? Do you?
Finally it addresses the Threats the market poses to your business. Why does this matter? Think floppy discs, cassette and 8-Track tapes...who say that coming?
This is a three-hour facilitation strategy program offered to all businesses. For more information email dolivo@davna.com
- Gaddafi and Macbeth both rose to power through military careers and then eliminated political opponents through violence. They ruled with oppressive and paranoid behaviors, distrusting others. Both met violent ends - Macbeth was killed in battle while Gaddafi was captured and executed by dissidents seeking to overthrow his dictatorship.
1) In 1978, over 900 people died by cyanide poisoning or gunshot wounds at Jonestown, a remote settlement established by cult leader Jim Jones and his Peoples Temple followers in Guyana, South America. 2) Jim Jones had established the Peoples Temple in Indiana in the 1950s and preached a message of integration and socialism but faced criticism over his views. 3) In 1978, Congressman Leo Ryan led a fact-finding mission to investigate allegations of abuse at Jonestown, but he and others were murdered by Temple members at a nearby airstrip as they tried to leave, and Jones then orchestrated a mass suicide/murder of Temple members at Jonestown through poisoned drink.
Ronald Reagan was a conservative American politician who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Some key details about his life and presidency include: He was born in 1911 in Illinois and got his start in Hollywood before pursuing a career in politics. As President, Reagan advocated for lower taxes, less government regulation of the economy, and increased military spending. His policies aimed to stimulate economic growth and roll back communism. However, his presidency was also marked by controversies like the Iran-Contra affair and growing inequality.
The Arab Spring began in December 2010 as a wave of protests and uprisings across North Africa and the Middle East. It was sparked by the self-immolation of Tunisian street vendor Mohammed Bouazizi in protest of police corruption and economic hardship. His act inspired protests in Tunisia that overthrew the long-time authoritarian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in January 2011 and spread regionally. Inspired by Tunisia's success, massive protests erupted in Egypt and eventually led to the resignation of Hosni Mubarak in February 2011 after 18 days of demonstrations. As the Arab Spring spread, other countries like Libya and Yemen also experienced uprisings, civil wars, and regime changes. The United Nations worked
The Arab Spring began in 2010 as a wave of protests and uprisings across North Africa and the Middle East. It started in Tunisia when a fruit seller set himself on fire after police confiscated his goods, sparking anger against the corrupt government. This led to protests that spread online and grew large enough to overthrow the Tunisian president. Inspired by Tunisia's success, protests erupted in Egypt in 2011 and eventually led to the resignation of Hosni Mubarak after 18 days. As the Arab Spring continued, other countries like Libya faced growing protests, with Gaddafi launching a violent crackdown until the UN authorized international intervention against his forces. The UN sought to promote peace, rights, and development in response, but faced challenges interven
The Arab Spring:Did the UN achieve their goals?rappercat11
The Arab Spring began in December 2010 in Tunisia as a result of a fruit seller's self-immolation in protest of police corruption. Widespread protests and riots erupted and eventually toppled the Tunisian president. Inspired by Tunisia's success, protests broke out in Egypt in January 2011 and grew to millions demanding President Mubarak's resignation. Though Mubarak made concessions, he ultimately stepped down. Other nations like Libya and Yemen also experienced uprisings, though in Libya it led to civil war between forces loyal to Gaddafi and rebel fighters. The UN sought to promote peace, security, human rights and development in response to the Arab Spring uprisings.
Ronald Reagan served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Prior to his presidency, he had a career in Hollywood and served two terms as the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975. As president, Reagan implemented domestic policies that reduced social programs and limits on business, while increasing military spending. In foreign affairs, he escalated Cold War tensions with the Soviet Union through military buildup but ultimately improved relations with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.
Ronald Reagan was a popular president known as "The Great Communicator." He defeated Jimmy Carter in the 1980 election and pushed for smaller government and lower taxes. Though the deficit ballooned under Reagan, his strong stance against communism and relationships with Soviet leaders helped lead to the end of the Cold War in the late 1980s.
An analysis of leadership derailments examines case studies of T.T. Durai, Muammar al-Gaddafi, and Léo Apotheker. The document reviews literature on common factors that lead leaders to derail, including problems with relationships, failure to meet objectives, inability to lead teams, and lack of adaptability. It then analyzes how each leader exhibited derailing behaviors such as egoism, poor judgment, and failure to build trust or meet business goals. The cases demonstrate how formerly successful leaders can fall from power due to an inability to adapt their leadership style as circumstances change.
Southern Leyte occupies the southern quarter of Leyte Island. It has 18 municipalities and one city, with Cebuano, Waray-Waray, Tagalog, and English spoken. As early as 1898, government offices were established in Maasin, but it was not made its own province until 1960 due to its distance from Tacloban. Southern Leyte has historical sites like Malitbog and Magsuhot Park, beaches like Maamo, and fish sanctuaries at Sun-Ok, Tabugon, and Ilijan Point.
1. Libya has a population of 6.6 million people with a median age of 24.5 years and 97% of the population practices Sunni Islam.
2. Libya's economy relies heavily on oil production and exports, which account for 95% of export earnings, 25% of GDP, and 80% of government earnings.
3. Modern Libya has experienced rule by the Romans, Byzantine Empire, Arab Islamic forces, Ottomans, Italian colonialism, and an independent constitutional monarchy before Gaddafi took power in a coup in 1969.
The document summarizes the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict from the late 1800s to 1993. It discusses the migration of Jews to Palestine in the late 1800s, the Balfour Declaration of 1917 which supported "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people," and the subsequent tensions and wars between Arabs and Jews over control of the land, including the 1948 war surrounding the creation of Israel. It also outlines the 1967 Six Day War, the Intifadas, and the 1993 Oslo Accords that aimed to establish Palestinian self-governance.
The document discusses the ongoing conflict in Libya between rebels seeking to end Gaddafi's autocratic rule and Gaddafi's regime. Gaddafi has responded to protests with military force, censorship, and recruiting mercenaries. The rebels have formed a transitional government in Benghazi and fighting continues as Gaddafi refuses to surrender power. UN intervention through a no-fly zone aims to pressure Gaddafi to end the violence against civilians. Perceptions of the conflict differ depending on whether one supports Gaddafi or the rebels.
Ronald Reagan was born in Tampico, Illinois in 1911. He had a childhood in Dixon, Illinois where he had happy memories but also witnessed his father's alcoholism. Reagan worked as a lifeguard and sports broadcaster to pay for college. He then had a successful career in Hollywood starring in over 50 movies. Reagan later went into politics and was elected Governor of California in 1966 and President of the United States in 1980, serving two terms until 1989. He survived an assassination attempt in 1981. Reagan died in 2004 at the age of 93.
1) Libya is currently experiencing political unrest, with the most violence occurring in the major cities of Tripoli and Benghazi between citizens and government forces.
2) The unrest was sparked by the arrest of relatives of prisoners killed in 1996 and high unemployment rates, leading citizens to demand democratic reforms and Gaddafi's resignation.
3) As the government refuses to give up power and vows to fight to the end, the country has descended into chaos and civil war seems imminent, with both sides experiencing significant loss of life.
Eastern Visayas is located in the east central Philippines and is composed of two main islands, Leyte and Samar. It has abundant natural resources like forests, minerals, fisheries, and geothermal energy. The region exports fish and has several provinces with distinct capital cities. The major languages spoken are Waray-Waray, Cebuano, and Abakon. Notable structures include the longest bridge in the country, the San Juanico Bridge, and the highest bridge, the Agas-Agas Bridge. The Sto. Nino Shrine was built with properties of former dictator Ferdinand Marcos.
The Islamic Iron Curtain of the 7th Centuryiakovosal
1) Prophet Muhammad founded Islam in the 7th century and united the Arab world, establishing an "Islamic Iron Curtain" that prevented Christians from trading on the Silk Roads.
2) During the 20th century, Egyptian leader Gamal Nasser and Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi both sought to unite Arab countries against Western imperialism.
3) Today, Turkey's President Erdogan is using an Islamic socialist model to unite the Muslim world, similar to how Prophet Muhammad originally spread Islam.
The document provides an overview of the Tuareg people, including their ancestry, where they live, and their relationship with surrounding countries and groups like AQIM. Some key points:
- The Tuareg are a nomadic Berber group living in the Sahara region of North Africa, primarily in Mali, Niger and Algeria.
- They have a long history of rebellion against governments for discrimination and mistreatment of Berber peoples. Many Tuareg fought for Gaddafi in Libya.
- In 2012, Tuareg rebels in Mali declared independence but were soon pushed aside by better armed Islamist groups like Ansar Dine who sought to impose sharia law.
- There is
What is SWOT?
SWOT is a business self assessment. It is taking inventory of your Strengths & Weaknesses within your organization as well as the Opportunities & Threats the market presents that could greatly affect your business.
Why Conduct a SWOT?
It defines your strengths so that you can weave them into your message...your unique selling proposition, and answers that all important question, "Why You?"
I recognizes your Weaknesses so that you can counter them. Remember when Ronald Reagan was running for President? A perceived issue was his age...how did he handle it? He used the famous quip "I will not make age an issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit, for political purposes, my opponent's youth and inexperience."
It identifies where your Opportunities are within the market. Why is this important? Let's face it every business has a target market. You can't be everything to everyone...if you try your message will be lost. Wal-Mart has it's niche...Nordstrom's has theirs. Can you imagine the confusion if each tried ti market to the others customers? You think they know who their customers are and how to reach them? Do you?
Finally it addresses the Threats the market poses to your business. Why does this matter? Think floppy discs, cassette and 8-Track tapes...who say that coming?
This is a three-hour facilitation strategy program offered to all businesses. For more information email dolivo@davna.com
- Gaddafi and Macbeth both rose to power through military careers and then eliminated political opponents through violence. They ruled with oppressive and paranoid behaviors, distrusting others. Both met violent ends - Macbeth was killed in battle while Gaddafi was captured and executed by dissidents seeking to overthrow his dictatorship.
1) In 1978, over 900 people died by cyanide poisoning or gunshot wounds at Jonestown, a remote settlement established by cult leader Jim Jones and his Peoples Temple followers in Guyana, South America. 2) Jim Jones had established the Peoples Temple in Indiana in the 1950s and preached a message of integration and socialism but faced criticism over his views. 3) In 1978, Congressman Leo Ryan led a fact-finding mission to investigate allegations of abuse at Jonestown, but he and others were murdered by Temple members at a nearby airstrip as they tried to leave, and Jones then orchestrated a mass suicide/murder of Temple members at Jonestown through poisoned drink.
Ronald Reagan was a conservative American politician who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Some key details about his life and presidency include: He was born in 1911 in Illinois and got his start in Hollywood before pursuing a career in politics. As President, Reagan advocated for lower taxes, less government regulation of the economy, and increased military spending. His policies aimed to stimulate economic growth and roll back communism. However, his presidency was also marked by controversies like the Iran-Contra affair and growing inequality.
The Arab Spring began in December 2010 as a wave of protests and uprisings across North Africa and the Middle East. It was sparked by the self-immolation of Tunisian street vendor Mohammed Bouazizi in protest of police corruption and economic hardship. His act inspired protests in Tunisia that overthrew the long-time authoritarian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in January 2011 and spread regionally. Inspired by Tunisia's success, massive protests erupted in Egypt and eventually led to the resignation of Hosni Mubarak in February 2011 after 18 days of demonstrations. As the Arab Spring spread, other countries like Libya and Yemen also experienced uprisings, civil wars, and regime changes. The United Nations worked
The Arab Spring began in 2010 as a wave of protests and uprisings across North Africa and the Middle East. It started in Tunisia when a fruit seller set himself on fire after police confiscated his goods, sparking anger against the corrupt government. This led to protests that spread online and grew large enough to overthrow the Tunisian president. Inspired by Tunisia's success, protests erupted in Egypt in 2011 and eventually led to the resignation of Hosni Mubarak after 18 days. As the Arab Spring continued, other countries like Libya faced growing protests, with Gaddafi launching a violent crackdown until the UN authorized international intervention against his forces. The UN sought to promote peace, rights, and development in response, but faced challenges interven
The Arab Spring:Did the UN achieve their goals?rappercat11
The Arab Spring began in December 2010 in Tunisia as a result of a fruit seller's self-immolation in protest of police corruption. Widespread protests and riots erupted and eventually toppled the Tunisian president. Inspired by Tunisia's success, protests broke out in Egypt in January 2011 and grew to millions demanding President Mubarak's resignation. Though Mubarak made concessions, he ultimately stepped down. Other nations like Libya and Yemen also experienced uprisings, though in Libya it led to civil war between forces loyal to Gaddafi and rebel fighters. The UN sought to promote peace, security, human rights and development in response to the Arab Spring uprisings.
Ronald Reagan served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Prior to his presidency, he had a career in Hollywood and served two terms as the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975. As president, Reagan implemented domestic policies that reduced social programs and limits on business, while increasing military spending. In foreign affairs, he escalated Cold War tensions with the Soviet Union through military buildup but ultimately improved relations with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.
Ronald Reagan was a popular president known as "The Great Communicator." He defeated Jimmy Carter in the 1980 election and pushed for smaller government and lower taxes. Though the deficit ballooned under Reagan, his strong stance against communism and relationships with Soviet leaders helped lead to the end of the Cold War in the late 1980s.
An analysis of leadership derailments examines case studies of T.T. Durai, Muammar al-Gaddafi, and Léo Apotheker. The document reviews literature on common factors that lead leaders to derail, including problems with relationships, failure to meet objectives, inability to lead teams, and lack of adaptability. It then analyzes how each leader exhibited derailing behaviors such as egoism, poor judgment, and failure to build trust or meet business goals. The cases demonstrate how formerly successful leaders can fall from power due to an inability to adapt their leadership style as circumstances change.
Southern Leyte occupies the southern quarter of Leyte Island. It has 18 municipalities and one city, with Cebuano, Waray-Waray, Tagalog, and English spoken. As early as 1898, government offices were established in Maasin, but it was not made its own province until 1960 due to its distance from Tacloban. Southern Leyte has historical sites like Malitbog and Magsuhot Park, beaches like Maamo, and fish sanctuaries at Sun-Ok, Tabugon, and Ilijan Point.
1. Libya has a population of 6.6 million people with a median age of 24.5 years and 97% of the population practices Sunni Islam.
2. Libya's economy relies heavily on oil production and exports, which account for 95% of export earnings, 25% of GDP, and 80% of government earnings.
3. Modern Libya has experienced rule by the Romans, Byzantine Empire, Arab Islamic forces, Ottomans, Italian colonialism, and an independent constitutional monarchy before Gaddafi took power in a coup in 1969.
The document summarizes the history of the Arab-Israeli conflict from the late 1800s to 1993. It discusses the migration of Jews to Palestine in the late 1800s, the Balfour Declaration of 1917 which supported "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people," and the subsequent tensions and wars between Arabs and Jews over control of the land, including the 1948 war surrounding the creation of Israel. It also outlines the 1967 Six Day War, the Intifadas, and the 1993 Oslo Accords that aimed to establish Palestinian self-governance.
The document discusses the ongoing conflict in Libya between rebels seeking to end Gaddafi's autocratic rule and Gaddafi's regime. Gaddafi has responded to protests with military force, censorship, and recruiting mercenaries. The rebels have formed a transitional government in Benghazi and fighting continues as Gaddafi refuses to surrender power. UN intervention through a no-fly zone aims to pressure Gaddafi to end the violence against civilians. Perceptions of the conflict differ depending on whether one supports Gaddafi or the rebels.
Ronald Reagan was born in Tampico, Illinois in 1911. He had a childhood in Dixon, Illinois where he had happy memories but also witnessed his father's alcoholism. Reagan worked as a lifeguard and sports broadcaster to pay for college. He then had a successful career in Hollywood starring in over 50 movies. Reagan later went into politics and was elected Governor of California in 1966 and President of the United States in 1980, serving two terms until 1989. He survived an assassination attempt in 1981. Reagan died in 2004 at the age of 93.
1) Libya is currently experiencing political unrest, with the most violence occurring in the major cities of Tripoli and Benghazi between citizens and government forces.
2) The unrest was sparked by the arrest of relatives of prisoners killed in 1996 and high unemployment rates, leading citizens to demand democratic reforms and Gaddafi's resignation.
3) As the government refuses to give up power and vows to fight to the end, the country has descended into chaos and civil war seems imminent, with both sides experiencing significant loss of life.
Eastern Visayas is located in the east central Philippines and is composed of two main islands, Leyte and Samar. It has abundant natural resources like forests, minerals, fisheries, and geothermal energy. The region exports fish and has several provinces with distinct capital cities. The major languages spoken are Waray-Waray, Cebuano, and Abakon. Notable structures include the longest bridge in the country, the San Juanico Bridge, and the highest bridge, the Agas-Agas Bridge. The Sto. Nino Shrine was built with properties of former dictator Ferdinand Marcos.
The Islamic Iron Curtain of the 7th Centuryiakovosal
1) Prophet Muhammad founded Islam in the 7th century and united the Arab world, establishing an "Islamic Iron Curtain" that prevented Christians from trading on the Silk Roads.
2) During the 20th century, Egyptian leader Gamal Nasser and Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi both sought to unite Arab countries against Western imperialism.
3) Today, Turkey's President Erdogan is using an Islamic socialist model to unite the Muslim world, similar to how Prophet Muhammad originally spread Islam.
The document provides an overview of the Tuareg people, including their ancestry, where they live, and their relationship with surrounding countries and groups like AQIM. Some key points:
- The Tuareg are a nomadic Berber group living in the Sahara region of North Africa, primarily in Mali, Niger and Algeria.
- They have a long history of rebellion against governments for discrimination and mistreatment of Berber peoples. Many Tuareg fought for Gaddafi in Libya.
- In 2012, Tuareg rebels in Mali declared independence but were soon pushed aside by better armed Islamist groups like Ansar Dine who sought to impose sharia law.
- There is
One of my most popular articles ever proved to be the devastating rejection and denunciation of Pan-Arabism that I published under the title "Progenitor of Wars and Tyrannies: the Falsehood of Pan-Arabism" in several portals notably American Chronicle, Buzzle and AfroArticles in the mid-2000s. It was thence extensively and widely mentioned, discussed, quoted and republished in portals, sites, and blogs. Indicatively, I herewith include the following links:
https://www.aramnahrin.org/English/Muhammad_Shamsaddin_Progenitor-of-Wars-And-Tyrannies_29-6-2004.htm
http://aramean-dem.org/English/History/8.htm (paragraph ending with note 5)
https://phoenicia.org/panarab.html
http://www.aramnaharaim.org/English/opinion_analyse.htm
https://goodmaniac.blogspot.com/2012/06/libyans-and-people-of-maghreb-are.html
https://www.maroc.nl/forums/het-nieuws-van-de-dag/217670-telquel-zijn-geen-arabieren-onze-geschiedennis-vervalst-4.html
https://arabracismislamofascism.wordpress.com/category/pan-arabism/
https://www.geocities.ws/panarabism/
https://mergueze.info/arabism-racism/
http://www.allempires.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=2905&PN=3
Even here (!):https://context.reverso.net/translation/english-dutch/pan-arabism
Slightly edited, the integral standard version of the article can be found here:
https://www.academia.edu/23219268/Prof_Muhammad_Shamsaddin_Megalommatis_Progenitor_of_Wars_and_Tyrannies_the_Falsehood_of_Pan_Arabism
However, in its original form, this article was published in the Political Forum on 23rd June 2004, generating a fascinating polarization and many conflicting comments. That's why I am herewith reproducing the entire discussion, which can still be found here:
https://www.politicsforum.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=25086
I must however add that my very first publication on the topic goes back to 1988, and it took the form of a 11000-word entry (in Greek) in the Great General Encyclopedia Hydria (published by Etaireia Ellinikon Ekdoseon / Greek Publications Co) – Μεγάλη Γενική Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Υδρία (Εταιρεία Ελληνικών Εκδόσεων). The entry title was 'Φυλές και Λαοί της Μέσης Ανατολής' (Peoples and ethnic groups in the Middle East). In my Curriculum, it is mentioned as no 37 in the first unit of my Entries to Encyclopedias, here:
https://megalommatiscomments.wordpress.com/about-prof-muhammad-shamsaddin-megalommatis-entries-of-encyclopedias/
First published on 12th September 2021 here:
https://megalommatis.wordpress.com/extensive-discussion-about-my-article-progenitor-of-wars-and-tyrannies-the-falsehood-of-pan-arabism-in-the-political-forum/
1) Diplomacy in the early 20th century involved major European powers seeking to expand their global empires and acquire new markets, fueling tensions that contributed to World War 1.
2) In 1908, Russia denied Serbia's request for help after Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina, owing to Russia's weakened state after its recent war with Japan.
3) Dollar diplomacy referred to U.S. efforts to increase its economic and political influence in Latin America in the early 1900s through large loans to governments in the region.
The document provides historical context about Barbados and discusses the inaccuracies and lies that have been spread by "Albino" accounts of history. It notes that the conventional view presented in sources like the Encyclopedia Britannica, which state that indentured servants and slaves who developed Barbados's sugar economy were white, is false. In reality, the vast majority (93%) of black slaves in Barbados were Europeans who were exiled or banished as a result of conflicts like the Jacobite rebellions in Scotland that opposed Albino rule. It also provides evidence from sources like ship passenger lists that document the transport of thousands of exiled Scottish and other black Europeans to the Caribbean, including Barbados.
Authenticity Of Arabic Slave NarrativesShannon Green
This document discusses the authenticity of Arabic slave narratives written by Muslim Africans enslaved in America in the 19th century. It notes that while these narratives provide first-hand accounts of slavery, their authenticity is questionable since they were often edited by abolitionists for propaganda purposes. It provides examples of ex-slave authors like Omar Ibn Said and Prince Abdul Rahaman who wrote narratives in Arabic and English but faced barriers to publication due to language and the agendas of white editors. The document examines scholars who have debated the influence of Muslim/Arabic culture on African slaves and their narratives.
The document summarizes the impact of the slave trade on Africa's development in 3 main points:
1) The slave trade drained Africa of able-bodied men and women who could have contributed to developing the continent. This led to a shortage of labor that caused economic stagnation, particularly in the agricultural sector.
2) The strategies used by slave traders, such as raiding and kidnapping, led to serious social violence and increased warfare within and between communities in Africa.
3) Africa became viewed as only existing to serve the development needs of Europe and America by supplying slaves for their plantations, rather than as a place that needed development itself. This hindered development and empire building in Africa.
This document provides context on international engagement with Africa from 1914 to 2014. It discusses how Africa has long been viewed through paradigms by outsiders seeking to help or exploit the continent. In the early 20th century, European colonial powers consolidated control of Africa and established economies extracting resources. After World War 1, former German colonies in Africa became League of Nations mandates administered by Britain and France who aimed to develop the territories, though still controlled them. International perspectives on and involvement with Africa have shown much continuity over the past century while African societies and states also transformed internally.
The document discusses the concepts of post-colonialism, imperialism, and colonialism. It provides context on the British Empire, which at its height in the early 20th century encompassed over 20% of the world's population and land area. It discusses how imperialism involved the conquest and rule over less developed countries, and the slave trade that forcibly shipped millions of Africans to the Americas. The effects of colonialism included the erosion of local cultures and imposition of colonial identities and worldviews. Key concepts discussed include diaspora, the "white man's burden" justification of colonialism, and W.E.B. Du Bois' idea of "double consciousness" for subordinated groups.
154 TERRORISM IN PERSPECTIVEOne of the surprises of SeptAnastaciaShadelb
154 TERRORISM IN PERSPECTIVE
O
ne of the surprises of September 11 was
that some of the suicide bombers had
been living and studying in the West for
years. We like to think that our way of life and
the freedoms we enjoy are so attractive that any-
one who lives among us will inevitably become
pro-Western. The globalization of Al Qaeda—its
recruitment of locals to participate in attacks—
and its careful grooming of operatives, were dis-
cussed by the terrorists themselves in a New
York City courtroom, where four of the 1998
African-embassy bombers were tried a year and
a half before September 11. It is too bad that the
terrorists’ revelations, including about the orga-
nization’s vast business holdings, its detailed
planning of operations, its emplacement of
sleepers, and its attempts to acquire weapons of
mass destruction, didn’t receive more attention.
If they had, perhaps we would not have been so
astonished by Al Qaeda’s ability to operate inside
America.
This chapter begins with a discussion of a ter-
rorist who participated in the bombing of the
U.S. embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in
August 1998. His story is important for two rea-
sons. First, he was a sleeper. A “talent scout”
noticed that he attended a radical mosque regu-
larly, and that he was increasingly agitated about
the plight of Muslims around the world. Told
that he would have to be trained at a camp to
earn the trust of his new Islamist friends, he
spent his own money to travel to Afghanistan.
The real purpose of his training was to assess his
potential. He was found to be barely educated,
with few skills. But he had something else criti-
cally important to Al Qaeda at the time: lan-
guage skills and Tanzanian citizenship. This is
exactly the kind of operative that Americans are
beginning to fear—a confused young man who
thinks he is helping Muslims by serving as a
sleeper for a terrorist group, whose principal
value to the terrorists is his country of residence.
Now we fear that the terrorist sleepers may be
our next-door neighbors.
The second reason this operative’s story is
important is that he comes from Africa, an area of
the world that may well become an enclave of
Islamist extremism and anti-American sentiment
in the future. Americans tend to fixate on enemies
that can be fought with military might. We have a
much harder time seeing failing states, where ter-
rorists thrive, as a source of danger. We need to
assess why bin Laden’s and other extremists ideas
spread. And we need to look for clues globally,
not just in the Middle East.
America has had the luxury of ignoring
countries at far geographic remove throughout
most of its history. This is no longer possible. Nor
is it sufficient to concentrate exclusively on one or
two villains in a given decade. We have to be alert
to the possibility that the villain may be a seduc-
tive, hateful idea about Us versus Them, rather
than an individual; and that the hateful idea may
be taking hold—in seemingly obscure or ...
154 TERRORISM IN PERSPECTIVEOne of the surprises of SeptMatthewTennant613
154 TERRORISM IN PERSPECTIVE
O
ne of the surprises of September 11 was
that some of the suicide bombers had
been living and studying in the West for
years. We like to think that our way of life and
the freedoms we enjoy are so attractive that any-
one who lives among us will inevitably become
pro-Western. The globalization of Al Qaeda—its
recruitment of locals to participate in attacks—
and its careful grooming of operatives, were dis-
cussed by the terrorists themselves in a New
York City courtroom, where four of the 1998
African-embassy bombers were tried a year and
a half before September 11. It is too bad that the
terrorists’ revelations, including about the orga-
nization’s vast business holdings, its detailed
planning of operations, its emplacement of
sleepers, and its attempts to acquire weapons of
mass destruction, didn’t receive more attention.
If they had, perhaps we would not have been so
astonished by Al Qaeda’s ability to operate inside
America.
This chapter begins with a discussion of a ter-
rorist who participated in the bombing of the
U.S. embassy in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in
August 1998. His story is important for two rea-
sons. First, he was a sleeper. A “talent scout”
noticed that he attended a radical mosque regu-
larly, and that he was increasingly agitated about
the plight of Muslims around the world. Told
that he would have to be trained at a camp to
earn the trust of his new Islamist friends, he
spent his own money to travel to Afghanistan.
The real purpose of his training was to assess his
potential. He was found to be barely educated,
with few skills. But he had something else criti-
cally important to Al Qaeda at the time: lan-
guage skills and Tanzanian citizenship. This is
exactly the kind of operative that Americans are
beginning to fear—a confused young man who
thinks he is helping Muslims by serving as a
sleeper for a terrorist group, whose principal
value to the terrorists is his country of residence.
Now we fear that the terrorist sleepers may be
our next-door neighbors.
The second reason this operative’s story is
important is that he comes from Africa, an area of
the world that may well become an enclave of
Islamist extremism and anti-American sentiment
in the future. Americans tend to fixate on enemies
that can be fought with military might. We have a
much harder time seeing failing states, where ter-
rorists thrive, as a source of danger. We need to
assess why bin Laden’s and other extremists ideas
spread. And we need to look for clues globally,
not just in the Middle East.
America has had the luxury of ignoring
countries at far geographic remove throughout
most of its history. This is no longer possible. Nor
is it sufficient to concentrate exclusively on one or
two villains in a given decade. We have to be alert
to the possibility that the villain may be a seduc-
tive, hateful idea about Us versus Them, rather
than an individual; and that the hateful idea may
be taking hold—in seemingly obscure or ...
New Approaches To Africa History: Arabization, Imperialism, & Religious Dualitymaxbury
This document discusses the spread and influence of Islam in Africa. It addresses several key topics:
1) It distinguishes between Arabization (the spread of the Arabic language) and Islamization (the spread of the Islamic faith) in Africa, noting they occurred at different paces and with different consequences in different regions.
2) It examines the 19th century Sudanese religious leaders Muhammad Ahmad and Khalifa Abdullahi, noting they faced different oppressors during their reigns which led to different outcomes for their regimes.
3) It analyzes how former West African colonies like Nigeria and Senegal evolved to integrate Islam more into politics, despite colonial efforts to separate religion and state.
4)
1) The documentary profiles Prince Abdul Rahman Ibrahima Sori, a Muslim prince from Guinea who was captured and sold into slavery in America.
2) It relates to the book "Servants of Allah" by showing how enslaved Muslims maintained their faith and communities despite hostility. The book provides examples of how Islam survived and influenced African American and Caribbean cultures.
3) The documentary and book both highlight the overlooked history of Muslim slaves and the strength of their faith and perseverance during slavery.
In this short yet timely essay, leading Libyan theologian, Aref Ali Nayed, discusses the legacy of fascism and totalitarianism in Libya. He calls for a national effort at healing, rehabilitation, rejuvenation, and renewal so that Libya can actualize all human possibilities, both individual and communal, and avoid a regress to fascism and totalitarianism.
The document summarizes the history of slavery and the slave trade in the Americas from the 15th century onwards. It describes how Europeans enslaved Africans to work on plantations and mines in the Americas due to a decline in the indigenous population from disease and violence. The transatlantic slave trade peaked between 1650-1807, with millions of slaves transported and over 1 million dying during the journey. Slaves faced cruel treatment and resisted through revolts, escaping, and developing their own cultural traditions. Slavery was eventually abolished in the late 18th and 19th centuries through growing abolitionist movements and the American Civil War.
The document summarizes the early spread of Islam following the death of Muhammad in 632 CE. It describes how Abu Bakr became the first caliph and expanded the Muslim empire against the weakened Persian and Byzantine empires. By 750 CE, the Islamic empire stretched from Spain to India. The document also discusses the status of non-Muslims under Islamic rule and the succession disputes that led to the Sunni-Shia split in Islam.