Programming in Ambience - gearing up for dynamic adaptation to context.

1. June 2010
gearing up for dynamic adaptation to context
Ambience
programming in
Dr. Sebastián González & Prof. Kim Mens
École Polytechnique de Louvain
Université catholique de Louvain
Pôle d’ingénierie informatique
ICTEAM
Thursday 17 June 2010

2. Programming desktops and servers
2
Thursday 17 June 2010

3. Programming for Ambient Intelligence
2
Thursday 17 June 2010

4. Programming for Ambient Intelligence
2
Thursday 17 June 2010

5. Programming for Ambient Intelligence
2
Thursday 17 June 2010

6. Programming for Ambient Intelligence
2
Thursday 17 June 2010

7. Programming for Ambient Intelligence
2
Thursday 17 June 2010

8. Programming for Ambient Intelligence
2
Thursday 17 June 2010

9. Programming for Ambient Intelligence
2
Thursday 17 June 2010

10. ... is programming with context in mind
Programming for Ambient Intelligence
2
Thursday 17 June 2010

11. ... is programming with context in mind
Programming for Ambient IntelligenceNew hardware phenomena unveil new opportunities for delivering
specific services according to the physical and logical environment of use
2
Thursday 17 June 2010

12. Examples
take advantage of room projector for presentation
user task
disable phone ringtone in quiet places
location semantics
decrease playback quality when battery power is low
internal state
peer service
environmental conditions
give more detailed indications when visibility is low
show parking spots and gas stations while driving
3
Thursday 17 June 2010

13. 4
Running Example
call reception behaviour
Thursday 17 June 2010

14. 4
context behaviour
Running Example
call reception behaviour
Thursday 17 June 2010

15. 4
context behaviour
Running Example
call reception behaviour
ringtonedefault
Thursday 17 June 2010

16. 4
context behaviour
Running Example
call reception behaviour
vibrationquiet
Thursday 17 June 2010

17. off-hook
4
call waiting signal
context behaviour
Running Example
call reception behaviour
Thursday 17 June 2010

18. unavailable
4
forward call
context behaviour
Running Example
call reception behaviour
Thursday 17 June 2010

19. 4
context behaviour
Running Example
call reception behaviour
quietoff-hook +
Thursday 17 June 2010

20. 4
context behaviour
Running Example
call reception behaviour
quietoff-hook + call waiting signal
Thursday 17 June 2010

21. class phone {
method receive ( call ) {
if ( phone.isOffHook( ) )
play( phone.callWaitingSignal( ), 2 );
else if ( phone.environment( ).acoustics( ).isQuiet( ) )
phone.vibrate( 5 );
else if ( phone.user( ).isUnavailable( ) )
forwardCall( call, phone.forwardNumber( ) );
else
play( phone.ringTone( ), 10 );
}
conditional statements
Contemporary Solution
5
Thursday 17 June 2010

22. class phone {
method receive ( call ) {
if ( phone.isOffHook( ) )
play( phone.callWaitingSignal( ), 2 );
else if ( phone.environment( ).acoustics( ).isQuiet( ) )
phone.vibrate( 5 );
else if ( phone.user( ).isUnavailable( ) )
forwardCall( call, phone.forwardNumber( ) );
else
play( phone.ringTone( ), 10 );
}
conditional statements
Tangled
Fixed
Contemporary Solution
5
Scattered
Thursday 17 June 2010

23. class Phone
{ attribute strategy;
method receive ( call )
{ strategy.receive( call ); } }
special software architecture
Contemporary Solution
6
Thursday 17 June 2010

24. class UnavailableStrategy
{ method receive ( call ) { ... } }
class QuietStrategy
{ method receive ( call ) { ... } }
class OffHookStrategy
{ method receive ( call ) { ... } }
class DefaultStrategy
{ method receive ( call ) { ... } }
class Phone
{ attribute strategy;
method receive ( call )
{ strategy.receive( call ); } }
UnavailableStrategy
OffHookStrategy
special software architecture
Contemporary Solution
6
QuietStrategy
Phone
DefaultStrategy
Thursday 17 June 2010

25. class UnavailableStrategy
{ method receive ( call ) { ... } }
class QuietStrategy
{ method receive ( call ) { ... } }
class OffHookStrategy
{ method receive ( call ) { ... } }
class DefaultStrategy
{ method receive ( call ) { ... } }
class Phone
{ attribute strategy;
method receive ( call )
{ strategy.receive( call ); } }
UnavailableStrategy
OffHookStrategy
special software architecture
Contemporary Solution
6
QuietStrategy
Phone
DefaultStrategy
Thursday 17 June 2010

26. class UnavailableStrategy
{ method receive ( call ) { ... } }
class QuietStrategy
{ method receive ( call ) { ... } }
class OffHookStrategy
{ method receive ( call ) { ... } }
class DefaultStrategy
{ method receive ( call ) { ... } }
class Phone
{ attribute strategy;
method receive ( call )
{ strategy.receive( call ); } }
UnavailableStrategy
OffHookStrategy
special software architecture
Contemporary Solution
6
QuietStrategy
Phone
DefaultStrategy
Infrastructural burden
Anticipated adaptation points
Thursday 17 June 2010

27. class UnavailableStrategy
{ method receive ( call ) { ... } }
class QuietStrategy
{ method receive ( call ) { ... } }
class OffHookStrategy
{ method receive ( call ) { ... } }
class DefaultStrategy
{ method receive ( call ) { ... } }
class Phone
{ attribute strategy;
method receive ( call )
{ strategy.receive( call ); } }
UnavailableStrategy
OffHookStrategy
special software architecture
Contemporary Solution
6
QuietStrategy
Phone
DefaultStrategy
Infrastructural burden
Anticipated adaptation points
in Ambient Intelligence
dynamic adaptation is commonplace
rather than an occasional need
Thursday 17 June 2010

28. From programming in
isolation...
Programming languages do not
feature dedicated abstractions to deal
with contexts and corresponding
behavioural adaptations at run time
... to programming
in Ambience
Develop programming abstractions
to permit the natural expression
of adaptable behaviour according
to changing contexts
7
Thursday 17 June 2010

29. Context Reification
8
current-context
First-class context
Thursday 17 June 2010

30. Context Reification
8
advertise
telephony
current-context
First-class context
Thursday 17 June 2010

31. Context Reification
8
advertise
quiet
advertise
telephony
meeting
current-context
First-class context
Thursday 17 June 2010

32. Context Reification
8
advertise
off-hook
advertise
quiet
advertise
telephony
meeting
current-context
First-class context
Thursday 17 June 2010

33. Context Reification
8
advertise
off-hook
advertise
quiet
advertise
telephony
meeting
advertise
off-hook+quiet
current-context
First-class context
Thursday 17 June 2010

34. Context Reification
8
advertise
off-hook
advertise
quiet
advertise
telephony
meeting
advertise
off-hook+quiet
current-context
• partly managed by user
• partly managed by system
First-class context
Thursday 17 June 2010

35. receive: alices-call on: bobs-phone
9
receive: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ advertise: call on: phone.
enqueue: call in: phone incoming-calls ]
Call Reception Behaviour
1
Running Example in Ambience
Thursday 17 June 2010

36. receive: alices-call on: bobs-phone
9
receive: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ advertise: call on: phone.
enqueue: call in: phone incoming-calls ]
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ play: phone ringtone during: 20 seconds ]
Call Reception Behaviour
1
Running Example in Ambience
Thursday 17 June 2010

37. receive: alices-call on: bobs-phone
9
receive: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ advertise: call on: phone.
enqueue: call in: phone incoming-calls ]
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ play: phone ringtone during: 20 seconds ]
application logic
Call Reception Behaviour
1
Running Example in Ambience
Thursday 17 June 2010

38. receive: alices-call on: bobs-phone
9
receive: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ advertise: call on: phone.
enqueue: call in: phone incoming-calls ]
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ play: phone ringtone during: 20 seconds ]
application logic
how do we express adaptations of
base application logic to context?
Call Reception Behaviour
1
Running Example in Ambience
Thursday 17 June 2010

39. 4
10
receive: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ advertise: call on: phone.
enqueue: call in: phone incoming-calls ].
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ if: phone is-off-hook
then: [ play: phone call-waiting-signal during: 3 seconds ]
else: [ play: phone ringtone during: 20 seconds ] ].
application logic
1 2
Basic Telephony Behaviour
Thursday 17 June 2010

40. 4
10
receive: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ advertise: call on: phone.
enqueue: call in: phone incoming-calls ].
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ if: phone is-off-hook
then: [ play: phone call-waiting-signal during: 3 seconds ]
else: [ play: phone ringtone during: 20 seconds ] ].
application logic
1 2
Basic Telephony Behaviour
Fixed
Thursday 17 June 2010

41. receive: alices-call on: bobs-phone
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ activate: phone vibrator during: 10 seconds ]
Implicit Context Specialisation
11
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ play: phone ringtone during: 20 seconds ]
Thursday 17 June 2010

42. (current-context)
current-activation
in-context: quiet do:
[
]
receive: alices-call on: bobs-phone
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ activate: phone vibrator during: 10 seconds ]
Implicit Context Specialisation
11
implicit explicit
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ play: phone ringtone during: 20 seconds ]
Thursday 17 June 2010

43. current-context
current-activation
in-context: quiet do:
[
]
receive: alices-call on: bobs-phone
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ activate: phone vibrator during: 10 seconds ]
Implicit Context Specialisation
11
phone-call mobile-phone
bobs-phone
implicit explicit
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ play: phone ringtone during: 20 seconds ]
alices-callcurrent-activation
Thursday 17 June 2010

44. in-context: quiet do:
[
]
receive: alices-call on: bobs-phone
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ activate: phone vibrator during: 10 seconds ]
Implicit Context Specialisation
11
phone-call mobile-phone
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ play: phone ringtone during: 20 seconds ]
quiet
Thursday 17 June 2010

45. in-context: quiet do:
[ advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ activate: phone vibrator during: 10 seconds ] ]
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ play: phone ringtone during: 20 seconds ].
receive: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ advertise: call on: phone.
enqueue: call in: phone incoming-calls ].
12
application logic
adaptation logic
Context-Specific Behaviour
Thursday 17 June 2010

46. in-context: quiet do:
[ advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ activate: phone vibrator during: 10 seconds ] ]
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ play: phone ringtone during: 20 seconds ].
receive: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ advertise: call on: phone.
enqueue: call in: phone incoming-calls ].
12
straightforward application logic
adaptation logic
Context-Specific Behaviour
Thursday 17 June 2010

47. in-context: quiet do:
[ advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ activate: phone vibrator during: 10 seconds ] ]
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ play: phone ringtone during: 20 seconds ].
receive: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ advertise: call on: phone.
enqueue: call in: phone incoming-calls ].
12
straightforward
non-intrusive
application logic
adaptation logic
Context-Specific Behaviour
Thursday 17 June 2010

48. in-context: quiet do:
[ advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ activate: phone vibrator during: 10 seconds ] ]
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ play: phone ringtone during: 20 seconds ].
receive: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ advertise: call on: phone.
enqueue: call in: phone incoming-calls ].
12
application logic
adaptation logic
Context-Specific Behaviour
Thursday 17 June 2010

49. in-context: off-hook do:
[ advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ play: phone call-waiting-signal during: 3 seconds ] ]
13
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ play: phone ringtone during: 20 seconds ].
receive: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ advertise: call on: phone.
enqueue: call in: phone incoming-calls ].
application logic
application logic
Adapted Telephony Behaviour
Thursday 17 June 2010

50. in-context: off-hook do:
[ advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ play: phone call-waiting-signal during: 3 seconds ] ]
13
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ play: phone ringtone during: 20 seconds ].
receive: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ advertise: call on: phone.
enqueue: call in: phone incoming-calls ].
straightforward application logic
application logic
Adapted Telephony Behaviour
Thursday 17 June 2010

51. in-context: off-hook do:
[ advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ play: phone call-waiting-signal during: 3 seconds ] ]
13
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ play: phone ringtone during: 20 seconds ].
receive: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ advertise: call on: phone.
enqueue: call in: phone incoming-calls ].
straightforward application logic
simplified application logic
Adapted Telephony Behaviour
Thursday 17 June 2010

52. in-context: off-hook do:
[ advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ play: phone call-waiting-signal during: 3 seconds ] ]
13
advertise: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ play: phone ringtone during: 20 seconds ].
receive: call (phone-call) on: phone (mobile-phone)
[ advertise: call on: phone.
enqueue: call in: phone incoming-calls ].
application logic
application logic
Adapted Telephony Behaviour
Thursday 17 June 2010