The document lists the names and molecular formulas of alkanes from methane to heptane. Methane (CH4) is the simplest alkane with one carbon atom. Each subsequent alkane adds a -CH2- group, with etane (C2H6) containing two carbons, propane (C3H8) containing three carbons, and so on up to heptane (C7H16) containing seven carbons. The molecular formulas and structural representations are provided to identify each alkane.

1. Alcanos
Fórmula
condensada
Fórmula Semidesarrollada
Fórmula
desarrollada
Representación
Metano CH4
H
I
H - C – H
I
H
H
I
H - C – H
I
H
Etano C2H6 CH3 – CH3
H H
I I
H - C – C – H
I I
H H
Propano C3H8 CH3 – CH2 - CH3
H H H
I I I
H - C - C – C – H
I I I
H H H

2. Butano C4H10 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 –CH3
H H H H
I I I I
H – C – C – C – C - H
I I I I
H H H H
Pentano C5H12 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 - CH3
H H H H H
I I I I I
H - C – C – C – C – C - H
I I I I I
H H H H H
Hexano C6H14 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 - CH2 - CH3
H H H H H H
I I I I I I
H – C – C – C – C – C – C - H
I I I I I I
H H H H H H
Heptano C7H16 CH3 –CH2 – CH2 – CH2 -CH2 - CH2 - CH3
H H H H H H H
I I I I I I I
H – C – C – C – C – C – C -C- H
I I I I I I I
H H H H H H H