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Ai small rum_15
This document provides information on artificial insemination in small ruminants such as goats and sheep. It discusses the female reproductive anatomy and estrous cycle of goats and sheep. It also covers estrus synchronization methods, equipment used for artificial insemination, and techniques for intra-vaginal and intrauterine insemination. The advantages of artificial insemination include improving genetics, increasing meat and milk production, controlling breeding windows, and reducing disease risk. Disadvantages include start-up costs, additional management and record keeping required.
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Ai small rum_15
- 1. Artificial Insemination inSmall Ruminants Dan Severson University of Delaware New Castle County Extension Agent severson@udel.edu 302-831-8860
- 2. AI • What isAI? • Factors Affecting Conception • Advantages/Disadvantages • Anatomy • Reproduction Cycle • Synchronization Methods • Equipment • Techniques 2
- 3. Factors Affecting Conception •Management – Nutrition – Disease/Parasites – Body Condition – Season • SOP – Do Not Cut Corners • Semen Quality 3
- 4. Advantages • Genetics • MoreMeat/Milk • Future Cost and Benefits • Safety • Control Kidding/Lambing Window • Buck Smell • Housing/Pasture • Disease 4
- 5. Disadvantages • Start-Up Costs •Management • Time – Heat Detection – Record keeping – Skill • Poor sires 5
- 6. Female Reproduction • Femaleserves several functions in reproduction: 1. Provide ova (eggs) 2. Provide proper environment for fertilization 3. Nurture the embryo/fetus (gestation) 4. Deliver fetus to exterior 5. Feed the young goat (lactation) 6. Provide for proper behavior patterns • Attracting male and mating • Demonstrating maternal functions 6
- 7. Female Repro Organs 7 •Ovaries • Oviducts • Uterus • Cervix • Vagina • Vulva
- 8. Ovaries 8 • Have twoprinciple functions: 1) production of eggs (ova) 2) secretion of female hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
- 9. Fallopian Tube 9 • Providethe site of fertilization and early embryo development before the embryo passes to the uterus. • Transport the ova from the ovary to the site of fertilization which occurs midway down the oviduct. • At the same time, moves the sperm cells in the other direction towards the ova from the uterus.
- 10. Uterus 10 • Small muscularorgan that provides protection and nourishment for the developing embryo. • It consists of a body and two uterine horns • Inner lining of the uterus is made up of many button-like projections known as carunucles • Transfer of nutrients between the doe and the developing embryo takes place via the placenta.
- 11. Cervix 11 • Muscular canal-like structurethat provides closure to the uterus of a doe. • Protects the uterus during pregnancy. • During breeding, the cervix also assists the movement of sperm from the vagina to the uterus.
- 12. Vagina 12 • The siteof semen deposition by the buck during natural mating. • Once deposited, sperm cells are transported into the cervix and seminal fluid is either absorbed by the vagina or expelled.
- 13. Vulva 13 • The externalopening of the female reproductive tract. • It serves as the entrance for the penis during breeding and is the end of the birth canal during parturition.
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- 18. Estrous Cycle ofGoats 18
- 19. Estrous Cycle ofGoats 19
- 20. Sheep are Different Cow Ewe Sow Mare Estrous cycle (d) 21 17 21 21 Proestrus (d) 3-4 2-3 3-4 2-3 Estrus (hr) 12-18 24-36 48-72 4-8 Metestrus (d) 3-4 2-3 2-3 2-3 Diestrus (d) 10-14 10-12 11-13 10-12 20
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- 22. Signs of Estrus •Seasonally Polyestrous and Short Day Breeders • Stands to be mounted • Vocal • Flagging Tail • Searches out a Male – Walking the fence line • Restlessness • Loss of Appetite • Decrease Milk Production • Frequent Urination • Red Swollen Vulva – Mucous Discharge 22
- 23. Sperm Cells • AverageEjaculate ~ 1ml • # of Sperm cells per ml ~3 billion • ½ ml straw starts with ` 250 million – Lose ½ during freezing – 125 million – Lose ½ at thaw out - ~62 million – Need a minimum of 60 million for pregnancy 23
- 24. Approved Drugs forSheep and Goats • Mention or display of a trademark, proprietary product, or firm in text or figures does not constitute an endorsement by the University of Delaware Extension and does not imply approval to the exclusion of other suitable products or firms. • Very few approved – $ • Extra-label drug use • Valid Veterinary-Client-Patient-Relationship (VCPR) College or Department name here 24
- 25. Estrus Synchronization • HeatCheck – Series of Prostaglandin shots 10 days apart with heat check and breeding • NC Synch – Combination of Prostaglandin and GnRH shots followed by AI • CIDR’s – Insertion of a Progesterone control device with a combination of Prostaglandin and FSH shots
- 26. Estrus Synchronization Methods •Heat Check • NC Synch • CIDR’s Day 0 PGF2α Day 10 PGF2α Day 10-17 Breed Day 0 PGF2α Day 7 GnRH Day 14 PGF2α Day 17 GnRH/Breed Day 0 CIDR Day 11-17 Pull CIDR Administer FSH Breed 48 hrs
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- 38. Is AI Rightfor You?
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- 40. References • Greyliing, J.(2000). Reproduction traits in the Boer goat doe. Small Ruminant Research, 36, 171-177. • Kershaw, C., Khalid, M., Mcgowan, M., & Ingram, K. (2013). The anatomy of the sheep cervixand its influence on yhe transcervical passage of an inseminating pipette into the uterine lumen. Small Ruminant Research, 110, 42-45. • Faigl, V., Voss, N., Javor, A., Kulcsar, M., & Solti, L. (2012). Artificial insemination in small ruminants - a review. Acta Veternaria Hungarica, 60, 115-129. • Sparks, D. (n.d.). Meat Goat Reproduction. Retrieved August 15, 2015, from shsu.edu/.../GoatReproduction-Sparks.ppt 40