Aforismos libro-leonardo da vinci
- 2. Prólogo
!!#
$ !%
! ! !
% '(% )* + % ,-../ 0
! + '* 11 ) % !
% * */* 2 !(% 3% ! 4* 5* # 6
7%!!0!#%$3%
$89# 0:; *
*045!#%%
0 4* 5* #% * #% 0 5% ,-=-*
$ 0 ! ! $ ' $! /* 2
!!%0#% (!0!!
2(8
%
- 4. #%%,-?*
%!56'
*!!%,-.@/#
$! 0 ! * A 7 6
!56%3$0$!
% !$!$*2 !$!%(%
!%B7!0$8
5% C!((%!6C%6C % DC%
6C #%$6 !C%#C%66C !%
!C%6C%#!C%#!C%!C%
C % 6C % C%C % %0
B*
% % !! ! !3*
%#0 !
!! !3 !* 0$ !
! % ! %! $30
# !!! 3$0! !
$!*20 !$%!%%
! ! ( !8 %
C% !*%$!#!$
E#0 ! E B 0
* 2 % $% ! 6%
$! B 0 ! %
B$!% ! !$0
!3$!% !(3%$*
*)F
- 6. ,*E ! !$! $% ! !
# !0#70%#6
!% !! (% $7 0% !! %
00#!!*
*E
6 !%#(0!#
%!%06 $!% %
!0 !$0 !*
=*E
(%+%(,J.K%
!!##B!%$7
!* !%$%6!#*!%
!%* $70!6*L
! !0##C!% !
( ! $$ $%0 % !!!# %!
$0$$*
M*EN! !3% !00*
=
=
Teodicea
J*E9$%O% !%!(% C0
!$% !97$#*
?*E97%P#
- 7. Q%#!!(*
@*EPB! !0%!5Q97# !$!!(
0!*
K*EPN!!! !0#0!(#0!!%
$!Q
-*EN!O%!(%!% !0$
!(*
,.*E6$!% !!*
,,*E
! B% ! ! !%#B! *
3
!3C!$
% !! ! *
- 8. %
3C !A0!!%
! 0B! !!#!C
!#%B*
,*ER!3 !!S
% !
!*5 ! !!!
% ! !6!*
- 9. ,=*E !%!$ !O%*
,M*E20%!%0 !!(C0
!% ! #! 0 B%
$003$0!!*
! !!!%%$ !'$$!
! !8 % %!$0 $!/%B !
!$!%$$!*7%
!!O%30#$
%!% !*
,J*EP#% Q%0 ( ! ! !(
$C!(!!
*
,?*E #!0!( !#0
- 10. *
,@*E(!!$!!!*
!0%$!! %0 !$! 3 !0
!6*!0 # !$!C
%!$$ !% !(% 6C!#
! !%0 !B
!%$7#!B*
,K*E3!#!0!%6C# !
$ !#!0!$!!$%B
!C%!0!*
,-*E 5 ! # $!$ %% $!
!!$% !!$%(
'/0 #C0 !!( ! # %
B !0 !!#!% !
$3$*
.*E
7 % #0 ! # ! !
$O0$O%3 !%! !##
$O3 ! *L6 ! % !
!$$! !
! !(0%%$ !
#*
,*EP % !6
%0!Q
$$
!C07%3C0# !
0!!!%#3 !0# !
!!#!*5!!%3% !
!*
M
M
- 11. *E ##3 $! ! %O !!
! $! ! ! C 0 $!
!%$!%%!$!%!$!0
0 # ! $TC
! $! 0 ! B *
!#$O!!%0$!!!!
$*
J
J
Psicología
=*E
# %
%!0!#*
M*E ##3$!7% !!
!(* ! % # $ ! ! !(8
#%3(( !%*
J*E $!#!!%$B!% !3!
% $!% 0!$ ! %0 6 B*# !
#!% !!0!%!! !!
C#!$$%0!!
%!!6 !%#%06
!C !$$ !3
$%3$6!!$!C
!$% !# !3
% 0 !% ! ! % % 0 #0
7*5%3%#0!B*
?*E!(#!B!$%
#B%0$!!C#
!%! !#0!$$
% # $! $! C ! 3
*
@*EL#!!#!%%
3!0$*!$%!
$*
K*E B !!$ (%
!*
#8$!BB
!$(%0%%$%6%BC
#!0!#CB#
!8 ! !#0!%#6
!*
-*E
B%!0% !! !! !
% !8 !3
B0 !!B%*
- 12. =.*E
%!$O!!0!BC !
6 $ 6 % B%
!0BC0 !!# ! 3 !
%!* (%$%
*
=,*E
(!$!C$!0
B !*
=*E
# $(% !0 0C
%70%03! !O( !!$$O*
==*E !#$%!B0$%(
$B#!0$*
3 !!0 !%!!
! !( #!% ( 0 $!C 3
B *
- 13. 360
% !!!*$!!3* %
! !!9*
=M*E
$% 0 6 !$ !
%!7*
3!%
!##%% !!%
%!!!!$C
!B !!% !
%#%C!
%(#%!B*
=J*E
- 14. !B% ( !!
#! 6% !# % !! !
#*
=?*E
6 $ ! *
%0
# !!!0*
=@*E 60!7!%!%
!(!0 ! % 6
7!%#%03*
=K*E 7!!%!C0
3!%!C0!!
% !% % 7!%7! 0 *
%!00!0B*
=-*E
7 ' ! / B!($ !
0 * B!3$
% ! 0 %06 7
C0!6 % % ! 3 %
$7!*
?
?
- 15. M.*E 8%%%$!0*
M,*E $!#$! !!B!($
# ! ! ! ! !
%0#!$7% !
#! (* # 7 !6
B!(7%8%%%$!0*
7
% !#0 *
3$ ! ! !% % %
0 % 0 ! ! ( B*
B 6!3$ % %
670%!3$7
!*
M*E !(#!!#7!% !0
! !!07%B(
!!O0!%!#!$
0!!*L !!(#0
!O%#3!63%$!%%
!!*
M=*E # ! ! # !0 B!%
%!!7%!(! !%0 !3!6
!!*
MM*E
3$ 0 !!
%!(0!%%!%!!(%
*L!60!%
B!$!*
MJ*E 5% P# Q% ! ! ! #
!0 %% ! !
!0%0 !! $#$
*
M?*E (00 % !(
C#%!%!%!!%
0 ! OC 0 ! $ % 0 #
!!!*
M@*E5 !! !#%
%!#!C#!*L !
0 !O!(%#
!*
MK*E
#! !#!%(
!3C0$( !# !
$!(*
@
@
- 16. M-*E !6#!%3!!
! #860 !%0 !3 !
*
J.*E 3 9 ! % $ B!0
!!*
J,*E!$C!(BB3$3
!C0$!! !!%3
!%%%$!0*
!$
$!%$!!
9*%%B%B$!%!% !
C!0!!!0B
!!*
J*EP#%!Q%R ! B !%0
%03!(!!!0S
K
K
Moral
J=*E90!#
!3!*L%! !!$%!!(*
JM*E
- 17. $% #!%!! !% !
%!#0 !%!%
% !!8%%
%%$0B% !!#B*
JJ*E57!#B%6!%!%!#%!
$C0%B(#% !
$0!$!*R!!($
!%0!%(3%! !50
!$S
J?*E !0(!%
$0 !!0(!*
J@*E !#B*
JK*EP#%Q%R !6!OS
$!*R5 !6%!%!
! $! !%!6!% 6!( % % !
B!O!S
J-*E!$*
?.*E!!!!!O%!!(!!
!!*
- 18. ?,*EP#% Q% ! ! ! B(% 0 !%
!*
%B#!$B(!%
0 !#*
?*E #!!*
?=*E !! !7% !3
0!*
?M*E
$$%(*
?J*E !!B!! !6B!B(* !B(
!!%(3!!BO !%7%
(*
??*E8U
!C !*V
5!80!%!B0
$! %0 ! B0! %3
!06!*5$!%!
%!!#8#0 !
!*
?@*E
0960
!#!*
?K*E
!C! %*!0
$! !!*
?-*E !3 0 # B !* !
!
0 !( !!*!3%%
% !!80!#!!!
!(*
@.*ER7 !#!!!%!6!%#%
! $!0 ! % !#B ! $0#B
!S
@,*E
- 19. !#00($0
! !$*
@*E !B! ! $* $! *
$*
$*
@=*EO$%!$!*
@M*E B! * !
$$7%63B!*%B!%
%03(*
-
-
- 20. @J*E!B! ##
C ! ##!0!%0!#
!0 B% ! $T 6
!B!!*
@?*E2 !! !#( !3 8 B*
- 21. $
!# !3%8$*
@@*E2 ! !3 $! !3#!8 % !
!$*
@K*E! B!%!OB!C!!
B!%66%!!$!!BC!B!
!%##!$C0!B#%$3!
! % ! ! 3 % ! !
3#!*
@-*EN!!!!%!*
K.*E
0 ! B% !B33!
8!% !!%0!!%
! !% !3!( $%0
7# *L $!!O %
!(%!0#(%%*
O 9 #% $ !
!O% ! ! $ 0 !# 7%
O%!30%0!!
$C0%%$!#%0%$
%$(! !!0*
!O*
K,*E7 !B0!$ !
%0 !!B!%6 !B%
O % ! ! ! !0$O%
! !0 !O!
0$$C0!% !!%37 !
% !!C !$!*
L !B(B%!$!!
0 !!C !!!*R%%
B%# B0 !# !! S
P5#! %0 !( ! 7
Q
K*E !!#!!*
!!% !%!$3%!*
K=*E %# !!!
B* !!*%*
!! !(%!6%%*!
!%*
,.
,.
- 23. !0 3! !!3 #!
$ !!0 $*!# ! !3% 3% 7
%$!%0 !663!0*
KJ*E 3 C 3 # % 0
C 3 # % 3 ! %
!3 !# % 3 # !# % $O 0
*
K?*EP#%!%!3B# !QP5!
! $ !3!! $ 3
Q
K@*EL 7%#% ! B !(%
! !% !6 !
#*B!($ !!!%#%
$% !% !#B !!C0%
% %*
- 24. 6B%!%!!!$!%0 ! ! !
$!0#%! !*
!
!!C0!#%! !B0!!*
KK*E 6!0 !*
K-*E ! !!% $!3 ! 6%
!!$6 ! !% !#!
*
-.*EP#%!($$QR5 !6 0!#B!!
%!!S
!#B$B%
$! B % ! !# !
%0$!!!$*'6*/
-,*E 3! B% #% %% $(%
!O(%0*' */
-*ER (0!!%%B!0#S
-=*E (03!*
-M*EP#%#!%!3Q
-J*E9##!*
-?*E 3(%*
-@*E!%!%*
-K*E! !***
B !#$%
*
,,
,,
- 26. !$07.
,..*E5B !$*
,.,*E
!B! !#*
,.*E$!*
,.=*E ((*
,.M*EN!$ !#$*
,.J*E
! !!%3!!O*
,.?*E2 !! !!38B*
,.@*E#%0! !*
,.K*E B! !%$0!%0B3$!*
,.-*E0O !*
,,.*EO !$BB*
,,,*E
- 27. !% 0 *!3%
B0*
,,*EN!*
,,=*E0!*
,,M*E #$*
,,J*E!!%0%!3*
,,?*E !$ 0% !0$!C
$ (*!#% !% # !0 !
%!!%!!C
#%$3( !%0*
,,@*EL ! !!% !$%#3
!%0 ! !# %(! B%
$B%!$! ! !# !*
,,K*E+6 !0%$7!!3(#
*P)Q$ !0%%
! ! B B% ! $
6*
,
,
- 29. 3 !%%6 !* !
3!0B% !!
!0 !0(06$*
,.*EP#%#!QR# !! !#!$%
# $ !B % 8 ! !S$! !!
% $O0$O *
- 30. 3% !
! ! C !$ $%
!#!0!
$7B!C0#(!$!#
$7$!% !! ! !B!
!%#B%0!*
,,*E9#(4!%29$50% !#
$ #(O ! * ! !
!0$!% !
7!!(0#!*
,*E5 !6OC#3$B0
%0 B! 6 !%$#%
6$%!!!*
,=*E !!8!0$3
!O(*
,M*E$!$!0$!*
,J*E ! ! ! $! 0 !
!!B*A7 % (
!6% !!B#!*
,?*E
3 !$ !*
O !
!% 3% !! !
OC% !$C
!! !B ! $C0 !
!%6!#B!*
!(%#!!%0 !07#B$!
*
,@*E 0 0 !% !
!!!0!$!%!!
! %!%0 !
370 *L !% $
!!! $$ 0 !
%3 !$! !!
0*
,K*E
$!!#!*L !!(
!%!%6 !%
,=
,=
- 31. !%$ !3%(
0$$B% !#!*
,-*E5%%$B(!%R !6
S3 ! !!!
!$0 %0 ! ! (
!$*5%!% !!0 !0
%0 !3 !%0%%
!$0!E$7 !!$!*
,M
,M
La ciencia
,=.*E! !!$%33
!!# !* $%B% !!
!%(!!%!$%
6!C !#% ! !
!%0 !!3 !O !*
,=,*E !$!$%0#0!(
#! !!!*5 !B !
!!$!(7!!!(#!%
% ! !!! !!!%0
!!*
,=*E 3 $ % !
(0 !%0%%3 ! 0
!*
,==*E50 ! !%
!% !C% !%!
$!%!$!*
,=M*E! !%!33!
%
- 33. %!% !
#0!!#0% !
!6%!
! (#0##7% $ !!0%!$% !
#00!0!*
,=J*E5 ! ###
$!0!!O!$C !%
%!0#
% 3% 7 0 '
60$/% !!!0!*
,=?*E
!0$!!63%*
- 34. ,=@*E
!3% !!
7B!%(#*
,=K*E 3!*
,=-*E!6%!!$!%$0!6(*'
*/
,M.*E 7 ! 3%!
! !!%06 !
!%!!B% !!!C6
0 !% ! ! (
%!%!%!$
!!*
,M,*E 2!0 ! !0 ( 3
*
,M*E9!*
,M=*E!#3(!%$ !!
!#%$$!B!% !
0% !*
,MM*EN!!$!%$%3*
,MJ*E $ !B*%!!
$% ! !*
,M?*E#%B%!#!%0$!#
!%$%B%*
,M@*E ( ! ! 330 ! !
C$% ! ! (*5$
! 7% %!3$*3 !3
% $!3 !6 % !
$ !*93%!%%0$
$*
- 35. % !! !#!
%0$3!!*
,MK*E
- 36. $%!% !!('!/%0 !$
% (3 ! !%0 3
$! % 0 3% C #%3 !
% 0 $3 !# !* ! ! #0 ! $% 0
!6(*
,M-*E(!$#6$!%!$%
% %0 !$% (% !6 #
*
,J
,J
- 37. ,J.*EL6 $%$7 !#
!*53 ! !( (0 %
$!#C%(%6%%0
$(*
,J,*E ! ##% 6 C
6##*
,J*E
$'6/3$!*
!#0*
3
$% !%6 ' !!/% !
0*
,J=*ERN!6!(S
- 39. $ !! !%%% !%
%! !%!%!!!
!*
,JJ*E9#B*
,J?*E
!*
,J@*E $% !(0 %B! !% !
!!0!*
,JK*E$7B!*!*
,J-*E9!0!!!%!*
,?.*E9 C 8 !%! ( !
%$!36%!!
6*
,?,*E!!*
,?*E!9!( !%!%!
!!%!! !B#(
% !!!%!O0O*
,?=*E
!!%0%!
3!!*
,?M*E
!*
,?J*E9!%%*
,?
,?
- 40. ,??*EN!! !#
B !%0 !#B$*
,?@*E $! $ #! !
3*
,?K*E 7 ! !(0 %
! % % % $% !# (% 0 !
!%!$!(*
,?-*E
!#%!3!!
(*5B(0$!$%
!0%# !3
!*#%!%#(#3%(%
*
,@.*E $OB3*$O!B!!
! ! # ! ! ! * 5 !% ! %
! !6!( ! % !
C0#0% !#3
3%!6!# !
6*
,@,*E$!(!$!3
!3!*
,@*E9 ! !!%!0 !*5 ! !
!!$#!%0#3
7($!*5!!
!#!%3!#0!CB(!(
%! !!!%(0!% !
!C# !!$#!%0!(!
#! !!*
,@=*E
!#7C0%!C
$% !!*
,@M*E
- 42. ,@K*E!%!%$!$$%
!!*
,@-*E
! !0(!%!( !3
*
$!3%(
!3!$$*
,K.*E % $!% ! ! !0
#!*
! % !
0$3%037*!
!!C$!%
B%$7%!03%0
!!%0!*
,K,*E! !!!%6%
B$%!!$!0
% ! ! 0 C
%8!0*
!%%!
C0B!C0!0
#%60! !C0
%!$C0
!#%63
*
,K*E ! ! $ $% 6 %
!*
,K=*EB!3!$!0%!
3$!*
,KM*E 0 $!% 8
9O$!006B!$!% !%
!% !!!C0!%
% %!! *L#3$ !
$7!% !%%!
$O*
,KJ*E#0$!$ !!0%
#B!E0 ! !%!%##E%
!0!0!$!(0
!$*L$!!!
%$!!%0!$!!C06#
! 7 0 !% %
! !% !% ! (
!(0!*
,K?*E$!!$! !$3
0%06C0 !#
$%(0 !B!($3!%
!$!!*
,K
,K
- 43. ,K@*E
!B!!$0!$(%
!$C0!$#B!87
0*
,-
,-
La naturaleza
,KK*E9!!*
,K-*E!#!3!B80*
$!%0 !C%
*
,-.*E
!!!(C$!
!!!$7 ! !%0 (!
3!%%!!0%0!!(*
,-,*E 9 % ! 3 ! ! !% 6%
!$%$!0*
,-*E9!3*
,-=*E9 !3( !(0 3
*$!!!%!!($3
*
,-M*E!!$!! !$
!
0C!$%!
(!%0 $O%! 0
!B!%!$%
$!$ ' !$/ 0 (3 ! $ %
!! !3! !!!!***L
%$((0O
!(%!6$7!O%$!6
!$ % ! !6 !!0 ! *
- 45. !6(%3780C
(0 ! % %# $!
$*
,-J*E 0!!(*
!0!!%
!0!$!*
,-?*ER5 !6! !( ! ! !
S
- 46. ,-@*E !(!0!!0%
! !!%03!0 !
!C #! !!# !C0
! !%! 0
$!!0$$%0#% !!
$ C 0 ! * ! !%
*
,-K*E % !% ! 9% 0 6 !3 !!
!*
,--*E500(%B!#!!8
B!*
..*E
! ! C !
!$*
.,*E !( # ## ! $
' /% ! !
!% $ ' /% ! 3
!#3!%%0(
!*
.*E!3!!(%!(3$
3!!#0C !%%#3
!!(!#3! !! !C0%$!$
!%!$3%!!0%!$! !#
!*
.=*ERN!6 !%#% ! # !% B !
0$%!$%0%(!
!%!%%!$(SRL
(% !6# !#6
%0 !%$SR$!$
370$%!%%$
S!C!0$(B%!
#C3$$%!
$ 0 !B!$!% !0
!!%%% !B!*
50%!B0 !
#0 !CB! $!!!!% !
%%B!3%R3
!3$ !0S
.M*E ! % $ *
0 ! !( # $! % 0 !
#$*
###(E!!
!#$!3!#E%
%% *L $! !6
.
.
- 47. !(#%!!%
6 !!!3!*
,
,
Astronomía
.J*E $! ! !( % $ !%
! 0
! ! % ! ! B 0 %
!! $! ! O *5% !3
!!!!!% !0!
0#!!%0%$!%*
!! 6 !3#B!0
!* 3$!!
B*
.?*E !% !% % !% ! ! !(
%!%$7#%$!!B*
)$
.@*E 9 ! * ) ! ! ! $ %
!!!03
!0B!*
.K*E#0 % $ * !
!0O* 0
6 O% $! % %$0
B* # 0 #B 3%0$
!O*5%!% !9$0 !!
!%!#!0$$ !!O%!
%!$$!*5$! !$$
!(6C !0!
0$%9!B0!BC !
!!$!!%0%% !$
!$ !!$$$!O0!
!0%$03*
.-*E ! !3 $!% ! ( 0 %
$0!(!#*
,.*E ! $!!%% ! %
!!!%7B!*
,,*E
- 49. ,=*E
(B*
,M*E3!6 !!B%0 !6
3 !! ! %0 !6 0 !(
B*$$!6 8 ! %
!%!$!!C6!0
! 9%! ! 3% !% (
$!C!!6!
!$0!!$!% !0%3%
B(!8$%!%0 !O
!#*
,J*E ' ! ! $! 3
6! !O$!B##!!$!B$0
B/%3 ! !!*
$ !!!!%
3 !!#$!!!9*
,?*EN!93!%
!%!0 !OC0 !%! !
!03B%!9!!%
# !# !*
,@*E 0#!3%$7*
3$%
3%$! !*3$%0
!!3C!3%C0
!$!!%3B*
,K*E
! # 7 !
$%!B3B
!*
,-*ER5 !6!S
.*ER5 !63S
,*ERL#3S
*E3#*
=*ERL !6$!3S
M*E5 !%%33
!% !3B*
J*ERL3#0S
?*E5 !3 !%#!%$*
- 50. @*E!8N!!%3
0!$!%! !!
9 E $!0!$E%3$!
0 ! !!0!* 3! !%6!B3
!$3%3C%
# !%3C38%
0 ! (C 0 #% $ %
3%9$6#!*60!!
9%3603*%$#!!'!/%0
(!(%!3$!!!%# !%
!0%!$!C!!!3
3(%063*
K*E
$ ( #*
0$ !* 3
!03! 3 !% ! 3
66!$!%B!!!*
-*EP# %3 QP!30% !3 !#
## % !3 !% !3 # !% !
(% ! ! 0 O*** 0 #%
! % 0 ! !$% #! 0
!%!06!!Q
=.*E !0 !*'2!*/
=,*E!#3$! !%O !
#0$!6 !#$!
C0%%$!!%$!%%!%
$! 0 0% # ! $TC 3
!###0$!%
B*
=*E20 ! ! !!B
$%0 !!B#(!$
!*
==*E#0 ! !% %B!B%
#B!!0%0'/BB%
$! ! '3/ 0 % ! 0 *9
% $! $
$#*!!$B!
!C !#!
( !% ! $B !B
6C%(%#!0
$!%08
!$ !!B*
=M*EB ! !%!%
B0$!%3!!%6 !%07
=
=
- 51. ! !%!3 E ! E%
% !3% !O0
!0*
=J*EB !% $ %
!6 % !6 ! $! #!
3!% !3 !(%
3%%!(C0 !%$!%
#! 3# % J.
%!#3! ! !!*
=?*E !% !!
% !3C0$%3
! !#! !3
$ !6C $0 %%6%5!$%
*
=@*E
!% !
#!*
=K*E%%!!66!!
*
- 52. ( !! !!*$7%!
!!!0! !!!0!#0
$! 3 9C0 !!
!% ! $! ! 9 3 ! $! 6* 5 !
!6!! !!%! !$!
% ! $!!*
R% !% ! $!!!% %$7
S(!%#0 !$
!% !$!!*
M
M
El agua, el aire y los volátiles
=-*E
$!%#!3 !%!!!*
M.*E
$!#!!(*
M,*E
! 3 B!% ! ! !
!!!$C0!$%# !$!%!!$
!3$ ! % !$!
%0!7B*
!$!
# !6!C$!$*
!$!%0!0O!%!!
!6* !%0%$!%6!B!
!!%# !!#%7
$$!!*
M*E#!*
- 55. % !% ! ! #%
3B%!#*
M?*E
3B%!%3B0!% !
# # ! $ %
*5 3B !
$%B!($% ! 6
! 3B% 3 $
#%0 !6$!3!!3 !#!
0$!*
M@*E
!3B !O%!B%
! !% 3$!0$3B%
!#!*
MK*E33B !O%!!06%!B%
!3%#!$0*
M-*E
$! !!!%7 !0 !
8*
J.*E !!$!!%!!$%
!!#!!*
J,*E !#!! !% !#0(
$!*
B !!!$% !
! !*
J*E
- 57. ! $! #%0
!(66*
J=*E23B!8! !7
3B!!C$!!!C%!
$!6$%%C!%!*
JM*E
3B#%$7!!*
JJ*E## ! 0 ! 0! !
##%#3B!
!60*
J?*E9B7!B% ! !
B*
J@*E 5 ! # !!% !!
!!! !%3!%#
%!0$!#*
JK*E
3B( #
$!%('B/B$!*
J-*E
3B33! !C0
#!8 !'
3B/%!%#!!C$!%
!%#0#B%33
! ! B% 0 ! 6 !
!$*
?.*E!3B$!%#!33B !3
#! !!!%03B3!!!!
! ! 3 % 0 3 ! $
*!3B$%#0
!!!*! !!
0#3B%!0*
?,*E
!03B !$!%!
C ! !
$!C%*
?*E!#0%!$!#!% !
!0$!%!!6%!%!$#
C !$ % 0 ( *
!
B!*
?=*E9 3B !!!B%$%0!
% !!!*
?
?
- 59. ! !#3B%$7
*
?J*E
!3B%!!%!B
%0!B#*5! 7#
% '/% ! B 0
6!% !(
3B #3 * ! 3B ! # ! %
%!3% !!
3BC#!!#%! !
!*
??*E!3B#!%%!3!#0!
!!!!%!$ !%#
!%BO!!O*5%$3B6
! %#3 !!!% !3
% !0!!#3B%
B6! # ! ( !% # # # ( !%0
!*
?@*E5!%!6$!3BC !B
!!0!!%%B#%$(!!%B
!! !*
?K*E%%3B!%6#!30
3!!% !!%% !!!3!0
!C!6$B!B !#!!
*
?-*E
3B!
!#!(%30$
$ !$$O%#0# !0
*3%3B$!0(%
%$! $0% (
*
@.*E
3B#($!0!%0
3 $!C ! ! !
$ ! % 3 !!! !% !
!!!$0! !0
*
- 61. @*E
3$ 3B! ! !$$ '%
!O/%!%!$3!
C$ !*
K
K
Anatomía óptica
@=*EL 7 !B!($# !B% (
! !%!!$!C
!%!$%$!!
'/C !0% $! 0 # %#
3 ( ! #!% !0 % !
!O! !%0$%
!% % *! !!
% ! ! !
%0*
@M*E! !!%$3(C3
# # O 3 !( %
$3!B%*
@J*E L % 3 !(3 % 3 (
$603!!(07!%3
$*
@?*E0#% !#!3*
#!($$%*
*
@@E% !% $! 3 $!'
#% /% $! 9 ! $*