A short note on tablet by asif al mahmood
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The document discusses various aspects of tablet manufacturing including: - Granulation is used to improve powder flow and provide compressibility for tablet formation. Wet granulation is most commonly used. - Tablets are formed through a compression process that consolidates granules and removes air. - Coatings can strengthen tablets, add color, and improve taste. - Common tablet defects relate to picking, sticking, capping, lamination and are often due to issues with drying or air entrapment during manufacturing.
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A short note on tablet by asif al mahmood
- 1. Tablets A Oral, Solid, Unit Drug Delivery System – DDS 1 asif_creative123@yahoo.com
- 2. Some Facts ● Every separate manufacturing step is called an Unit Operation like Weighing, Blending etc. ● To make granules – Machine (Granulator) like RMG (Rapid Mixture Granulator) ● Granulation (Dry & Wet) & Direct Compression ● Wet Granulation – Most Widely Used in Pharmaceutical Industry 2 asif_creative123@yahoo.com
- 3. Facts Continued … • Capsule Shape Tablet – Caplet • Consolidation (To make Solid) – Compression (Removal of Air from powder granules) + Compaction (To become a solid mass) • Angle of Repose – To test flow property 3 asif_creative123@yahoo.com
- 4. Why Granulation ? • To improve powder flow/Flow Property • To provide/give compressibility (Compressive Force) 4 asif_creative123@yahoo.com
- 5. Why Dry Granulation ? • For drugs which are sensitive to moisture • For hydrophobic drugs • For drugs which can be degraded in presence of water 5 asif_creative123@yahoo.com
- 6. Purpose of Coating • Makes the tablet stronger, tougher • Colors can be added • Improves taste (Palatability) 6 asif_creative123@yahoo.com
- 7. Tablet Compression Stages 1. Granules Flow 2. Die Fill 3. Volume/Weight Adjustment 4. Compression 5. Air Removal 6. Compaction 7. Ejection from die 7 asif_creative123@yahoo.com
- 8. Tablet Defects (Manufacturing) • Picking – Removal of small amount of tablet by punch face • Sticking – Adhering to the die wall (Lubricant can be used to avoid this problem) • Capping – Separation of Double Layers (DCT) • Lamination – Separation of Layers (Multiple - MCT) • Chipping – Breakage of Tablet Edge • Mottling – Unequal Color distribution • Double Impression • Cracking – Small, Fine Cracks 8 asif_creative123@yahoo.com
- 9. Tablet Defects (Manufacturing) - Causes • Picking – due to improper drying • Sticking – due to excess moisture • Capping – due to air entrapment • Lamination – due to air entrapment • Chipping – due to very dry granules 9 asif_creative123@yahoo.com
- 10. Tablet Defects (Coating) • Color Variation • Twinning – Two tablets that stick together • Orange Peel Effect • Tablet Erosion • Roughness 10 asif_creative123@yahoo.com
- 11. Problems Can Occur Due To • Problem in Machine • Problem in Excipients • Problem in Process 11 asif_creative123@yahoo.com
- 12. Tooling Set 12 asif_creative123@yahoo.com • Die & Punches (Upper Punch from upper punch holder & Lower punch from lower punch holder) • D, B, BB Tooling Set • Depends on different sizes & shapes • The tooling sets are designed to allow air to escape during compression
- 13. Miscellaneous 13 asif_creative123@yahoo.com • Drying: FBD/FBE, Tray Dryer (TD) • LOD – Loss on Drying • Excess Drying – Black or Brown spot on powders (Hotspot) • Fine Powders – Dust like particles, which do not flow or compress well • Blenders – Mixing (V-Cone Blender – Single Cone or Angle, Double Cone Blender – Double Cone or Angle) • Capping – Tablet Cap (Upper/Top of Tablet) want to comes off
- 14. Figure of MCT 14 asif_creative123@yahoo.com A – Core Covered With Shell, B – Layer By Layer