2. INTRODUCTION
ā¢ The liver is the largest, flexible, and soft organ in
the body
ā¢ It is also the most active and complex organ
ā¢ The functional part is called the hepatic lobule made
of hepatocytes
ā¢ The study of the liver is important because of its
indispensable functions in the body
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3. LIVER FUNCTIONS
ā¢ Filtration
ā¢ Detoxification
ā¢ Bile(stored by gallbladder) for Fat Emulsification
ā¢ Synthesis of Clotting Factors
ā¢ Phagocytic activity
ā¢ Site of Metabolic reactions (glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis, deamination, urea formation e.t.c)
ā¢ Malfunction of the Liver will result in non-manifestation of the above Function
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4. HEPATITIS
ā¢ Coined from the words āHEPAā (LIVER) and āITISā
(Inflamed)
ā¢ A general term for inflammation of the liver
ā¢ Causes may be infectious or non-infectious
ā¢ It could be acute or chronic
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5. SYMPTOMS
ā¢ Fatigue
ā¢ Dark urin
ā¢ Body Pain
ā¢ Joint pain
ā¢ Loss of appetite
ā¢ Malaise
ā¢ Jaundice
ā¢ Nausea and vomiting
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6. NON- INFECTIOUS
HEPATITIS
ā¢ Not caused by microorganisms
ā¢ Could be acute or chronic
ā¢ Predominant occurrence is Alcoholic Hepatitis
ā¢ It manifests in Alcoholic Hepatitis
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7. ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS
ā¢ 90% of alcoholic beverages are processed in the liver
ā¢ Caused by high alcohol intake
ā¢ Evident in heavy drinkers
ā¢ Normal consumption level of alcohol drinks per week;
ā¢ In Female 1-7 drinks
ā¢ In Male 1-14 drinks
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8. ā¢ Consumption of
alcohol above the
ranges will result in
diffusion of it from
the bloodstream
into the brain and
heart causing their
malfunction
ā¢ Low perfusion to
the liver will occur
and the liver will
shrink resulting in
scar tissue
formation
(Cirrhosis) and can
also result in
hepatomegaly
carcinoma.
ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS CONTāD
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9. INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS
ā¢ Mainly caused by virus
ā¢ Depending on the causative be virus A, B, C, D and
E
ā¢ Could be acute or chronic
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10. Hepatitis Virus
causes scar tissue
formation due to
low the action of
antibodies against
the infected cells
shrinkage and
hardening occurs
due to low
perfusion.
INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS
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11. HEPATITIS A
ā¢ Caused by hepatitis A virus
ā¢ Contacted through contaminated food and water
ā¢ Doesn't result in chronic
ā¢ Bodyās immune system can fight against it
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12. HEPATITIS B
ā¢ It is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) and a transfusion
transmissible infection (TTI).
ā¢ Can be contacted through semen, blood, and other body fluids
ā¢ Pregnant woman to an unborn child
ā¢ Contaminated personal hygiene items
ā¢ Exposure to unsterilized piercing
ā¢ Increase risk of getting HIV, HDV
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13. HEPATITIS C
ā¢ Caused by hepatitis C virus
ā¢ Risk factors include:
ā¢ Blood transfusion
ā¢ Hemophilia
ā¢ Organ transplant
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14. HEPATITIS D
ā¢ Cause by hepatitis D virus
ā¢ It only affects those with hepatitis B
ā¢ Could co-infection(HB and HD at the same time) or
super-infection (HB then HD)
ā¢ HDV cannot replicate on it's own unlike other
hepatitis Viruses therefore uses Hepatitis B to
produce multiple copies of itself
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15. HEPATITIS E
ā¢ The hepatitis E virus is transmitted mainly through the
fecal-oral route due to fecal contamination of drinking
water
ā¢ Ingestion of undercooked meat or meat products derived
from infected animals (e.g. pork liver);
ā¢ Transfusion of infected blood or/and blood products
ā¢ Vertical transmission from a pregnant woman to her
baby.
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