The document discusses the Office of Trade Negotiations (OTN) which assists Caribbean countries in navigating international trade relationships. Specifically:
1) The OTN has offices in Barbados and Jamaica to help Caribbean nations negotiate trade agreements and address challenges from trade liberalization and preference erosion.
2) Rapid globalization has increased competition for Caribbean exports, so the OTN helps Caribbean countries adjust their economies to take advantage of trade opportunities and flexibility in the global market.
3) By cultivating external trade relationships, the OTN aims to position Caribbean economies competitively in order to maximize long-term trade and development benefits for the region.
The document discusses the Office of Trade Negotiations (OTN), which was established by Caribbean governments to help the region competitively position itself in the changing global trade environment. The OTN has offices in Barbados and Jamaica to negotiate trade agreements and advocate for Caribbean interests. International trade affects daily life through prices, jobs, investment, and economic growth. While trade opens opportunities, smaller countries face challenges from trade liberalization and preference erosion. The OTN works to ensure Caribbean countries benefit from trade relationships.
The document summarizes regional preparations for negotiations between CARICOM and Canada on a Trade and Development Agreement. Key steps in preparations include exploratory discussions between officials to identify negotiation topics, completion of CARICOM's negotiating brief incorporating stakeholder input, and approval of the brief by CARICOM Heads of Government. Negotiations are expected to cover 5 groups: market access, trade in services, investment, institutional issues, and trade-related topics. A College of Lead Negotiators with expertise in relevant areas was established to coordinate CARICOM's negotiation positions.
The document discusses the focus of the 8th WTO Ministerial Conference following setbacks in the Doha Round negotiations. Key points:
1) Members shifted focus to an "Early Harvest" package deal to address three LDC issues but failed to agree on what should be included.
2) With no agreement, the MC8 will likely downplay Doha's significance and focus on the WTO's future and way forward without negotiation outcomes.
3) CARICOM will emphasize preserving gains for ACP, SVE, and LDCs and multilateralizing the ACP/EU agreement offsetting loss of banana preferences.
Nearshore your strategic back office functions and set-up shop in MontrealJohn_Rooke2011
The document summarizes Montreal's competitive advantages for financial services companies, including its talented bilingual workforce, low operating costs, and tax incentives. The International Financial Centre (IFC) in Montreal offers a refundable tax credit of 30% on salaries up to $20,000 per job for companies that engage in qualifying international financial transactions and employ at least six people. Montreal provides a lower-cost alternative to other financial centers in North America with its affordable real estate, wages 6% lower than Chicago's, and corporate tax rates that are over 30% lower than New York City.
This document summarizes a presentation given at the 2007 Tralac Annual Conference on the emerging EPA between CARIFORUM and the EU. It provides background on CARIFORUM, including its objectives and diversity among member states. It discusses the organization of negotiations between CARIFORUM and the EU, focusing on key issues. There are areas of agreement, such as on development provisions, but also divergence, particularly regarding tariff liberalization, the parties to the agreement, development cooperation funding commitments, and tax governance.
The Navy offers free tax preparation assistance through the Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) program. Trained volunteers help with filing tax returns and address issues specific to military members, such as combat zone tax benefits. Taxpayers should bring documentation like IDs, income statements, and last year's returns when visiting a VITA site. Both spouses must be present to file jointly electronically. The article also provides information on keeping pets safe in winter and entrepreneurship resources for service members.
O documento lista projetos e atividades realizados por diferentes níveis de ensino na escola E.M.P.WILSON TAVEIRA ROSALINO, incluindo um projeto semestral sobre o centenário de Vinícius de Moraes na pré-escola, jogos na alfabetização no ensino fundamental I, atividades sobre nazismo e física no ensino fundamental II e aulas de inglês.
This document discusses issues facing small service suppliers in international trade agreements. It defines small service suppliers as having fewer employees than an agreed upper limit, noting most have fewer than 20 employees. The key challenges for small suppliers are human resource constraints from wearing many hats without specialization, limited market recognition and networks abroad, and reliance on internal funding with difficulty accessing external financing. While size is an advantage in manufacturing, evidence shows small service firms frequently outperform larger competitors. It is important policies and trade negotiations consider the needs of existing small exporters.
The document discusses the Office of Trade Negotiations (OTN), which was established by Caribbean governments to help the region competitively position itself in the changing global trade environment. The OTN has offices in Barbados and Jamaica to negotiate trade agreements and advocate for Caribbean interests. International trade affects daily life through prices, jobs, investment, and economic growth. While trade opens opportunities, smaller countries face challenges from trade liberalization and preference erosion. The OTN works to ensure Caribbean countries benefit from trade relationships.
The document summarizes regional preparations for negotiations between CARICOM and Canada on a Trade and Development Agreement. Key steps in preparations include exploratory discussions between officials to identify negotiation topics, completion of CARICOM's negotiating brief incorporating stakeholder input, and approval of the brief by CARICOM Heads of Government. Negotiations are expected to cover 5 groups: market access, trade in services, investment, institutional issues, and trade-related topics. A College of Lead Negotiators with expertise in relevant areas was established to coordinate CARICOM's negotiation positions.
The document discusses the focus of the 8th WTO Ministerial Conference following setbacks in the Doha Round negotiations. Key points:
1) Members shifted focus to an "Early Harvest" package deal to address three LDC issues but failed to agree on what should be included.
2) With no agreement, the MC8 will likely downplay Doha's significance and focus on the WTO's future and way forward without negotiation outcomes.
3) CARICOM will emphasize preserving gains for ACP, SVE, and LDCs and multilateralizing the ACP/EU agreement offsetting loss of banana preferences.
Nearshore your strategic back office functions and set-up shop in MontrealJohn_Rooke2011
The document summarizes Montreal's competitive advantages for financial services companies, including its talented bilingual workforce, low operating costs, and tax incentives. The International Financial Centre (IFC) in Montreal offers a refundable tax credit of 30% on salaries up to $20,000 per job for companies that engage in qualifying international financial transactions and employ at least six people. Montreal provides a lower-cost alternative to other financial centers in North America with its affordable real estate, wages 6% lower than Chicago's, and corporate tax rates that are over 30% lower than New York City.
This document summarizes a presentation given at the 2007 Tralac Annual Conference on the emerging EPA between CARIFORUM and the EU. It provides background on CARIFORUM, including its objectives and diversity among member states. It discusses the organization of negotiations between CARIFORUM and the EU, focusing on key issues. There are areas of agreement, such as on development provisions, but also divergence, particularly regarding tariff liberalization, the parties to the agreement, development cooperation funding commitments, and tax governance.
The Navy offers free tax preparation assistance through the Volunteer Income Tax Assistance (VITA) program. Trained volunteers help with filing tax returns and address issues specific to military members, such as combat zone tax benefits. Taxpayers should bring documentation like IDs, income statements, and last year's returns when visiting a VITA site. Both spouses must be present to file jointly electronically. The article also provides information on keeping pets safe in winter and entrepreneurship resources for service members.
O documento lista projetos e atividades realizados por diferentes níveis de ensino na escola E.M.P.WILSON TAVEIRA ROSALINO, incluindo um projeto semestral sobre o centenário de Vinícius de Moraes na pré-escola, jogos na alfabetização no ensino fundamental I, atividades sobre nazismo e física no ensino fundamental II e aulas de inglês.
This document discusses issues facing small service suppliers in international trade agreements. It defines small service suppliers as having fewer employees than an agreed upper limit, noting most have fewer than 20 employees. The key challenges for small suppliers are human resource constraints from wearing many hats without specialization, limited market recognition and networks abroad, and reliance on internal funding with difficulty accessing external financing. While size is an advantage in manufacturing, evidence shows small service firms frequently outperform larger competitors. It is important policies and trade negotiations consider the needs of existing small exporters.
This document discusses using external trade agreements to strengthen innovation systems in CARICOM countries. It notes that innovation is critical for CARICOM economies to improve competitiveness but that their innovation systems are underdeveloped due to small size and other constraints. It argues that trade agreements can be leveraged to address innovation challenges and foster innovation-led growth through negotiated commitments. The document provides background on the importance of innovation for CARICOM and conditions affecting their innovation performance before discussing using trade agreements as policy instruments to develop innovation capabilities.
1. The document summarizes remarks made by South Africa's Minister of Mineral Resources at the 2012 Kimberley Process Intersessional Meeting in Washington DC.
2. It discusses the important role that the Kimberley Process plays in ensuring conflict-free diamond trade and the benefits this brings to developing countries. The KP has been successful in reducing conflict diamonds to less than 1% of the global trade.
3. However, the Minister notes that the KP must continue to evolve and address new challenges. This includes supporting post-conflict countries and transforming diamonds into a symbol of hope. The KP should also consider establishing a permanent secretariat and revising its core documents.
The Caribbean Community Regional Aid for Trade Strategy 2013-2015 aims to help CARICOM member states overcome constraints to competitiveness and trade expansion through three strategic goals: 1) Upgrading key economic infrastructure, 2) Enhancing competitiveness and trade diversification, and 3) Deepening regional integration and maximizing gains from trade agreements. The strategy identifies priority areas and "anchor" projects to achieve these goals in maritime transport, ICT, energy, trade facilitation, and private sector development. It also categorizes activities as regional, national-regional, or national to coordinate aid for trade efforts across the Caribbean.
This document summarizes the potential benefits of a CARICOM-Canada Trade and Development Agreement. Some key benefits include:
- Providing duty-free access for CARICOM goods to the Canadian market
- Facilitating reciprocal but asymmetric trade liberalization that gives CARICOM more time to open its markets
- Expanding access to Canadian services and investment markets beyond what is available now
- Promoting technology transfer, innovation, and foreign direct investment between the two regions
- Establishing rules on e-commerce, government procurement, intellectual property, and competition policy.
The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) sees the third global review of Aid for Trade as an important opportunity to evaluate the impact of aid, establish best practices, and recommit to aid as a development tool. CARICOM countries face challenges as small, vulnerable, and highly indebted economies. They are working to strengthen regional integration through various initiatives while also seeking to recalibrate the multilateral trading system to account for the needs of developing economies. CARICOM is developing a regional aid for trade strategy and working with partners like the EU, IDB, and Canada to design projects that can boost competitiveness and trade.
The document discusses regional integration efforts in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) through the establishment of the Caribbean Single Market and Economy (CSME). It provides background on CARICOM, describes the main goals and pillars of the CSME in establishing a single economic space for free movement of goods, services, capital etc. across CARICOM countries. Expected outcomes include increased employment, investment, production, trade, standards of living and economic development on a regional scale. Specialized institutions have also been established to facilitate and regulate integration under the CSME framework.
This document is a sponsored supplement about Qatar from Summit Communications. It discusses Qatar's stable economy due to prudent natural resource management. Recent reforms have opened sectors like consulting, technology, and distribution fully to foreign investment. The hydrocarbon industry has boosted the non-oil industry through wealth generation. While hydrocarbons will remain the main economic driver, Qatar is working to diversify its economy and energy sector. United Development Company is highlighted as an example of successful diversification through projects in industries like infrastructure, real estate, and hospitality.
The CARICOM Secretariat will convene a CARICOM-Canada Trade Development Forum on November 2-3, 2011 in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. The forum will bring together private sector stakeholders from CARICOM and Canada to discuss existing and future trade and investment opportunities under the proposed CARICOM-Canada Trade and Development Agreement. Key sectors to be discussed include professional services, tourism, film production, financial services, and goods such as agribusiness products, rum, and mining. The forum aims to identify business opportunities and foster cooperation between private and public sectors in both regions.
Final press release saturday feb 24 final englishQNB Group
The Institute of International Finance held its annual meeting of Middle Eastern and North African bank CEOs in Doha, Qatar. Over 100 executives from the region's banks attended along with representatives from global firms. The meeting included discussions on challenges facing the financial industry in the region due to political turmoil and the global economy. Speakers commented on diverging economic performance between countries experiencing political change and oil-exporting nations. Qatar was highlighted as continuing to achieve high growth while diversifying its economy.
Services Scoop is the pioneering trade magazine of the Caribbean. This magazine highlights the critical yet underrated role the services sector plays in the Caribbean’s economic development.
Services Scoop explores how the region can better realize trade in services and seize regional and international opportunities and showcases regional success stories. The objective of this
publication is to raise awareness on the value and quality of the regional services sector and the potential of trade in services. This world-class, informative magazine is the annual publication of the Caribbean Network of Service Coalitions (CNSC).
The document summarizes the Caribbean Institute of Certified Management Consultants' (CICMC) June/July 2011 newsletter. It discusses the 3rd annual management consulting symposium held in the Dominican Republic, which over 80 delegates from the Caribbean region attended. It highlights two individuals, Gregory Hinkson and Norma Shorey-Bryan, who recently received their CMC designation through CICMC. It also provides an update on CICMC membership, which now stands at 80 members across 13 countries.
This document provides an overview of the key topics covered in an international business textbook. It discusses the growth of international business and defines it as transactions carried out across borders. It also highlights the opportunities and challenges of international business. The textbook will examine the environment, trade, investment, markets, strategy, operations, and future of international business. It will analyze how globalization has increased international access and will take a comprehensive look at conducting business internationally.
The cultural environment includes factors such as customs, traditions, religion, language, and attitudes that influence consumer behavior in foreign markets. Understanding differences in cultural values is important for international marketers to effectively adapt marketing strategies for different cultures. Failure to account for cultural differences can negatively impact acceptance of products and services in foreign markets.
Mozambique India Trade & Investment Promotion GroupIndia Advisors
The document discusses the Mozambique-India Trade & Investment Promotion Group (MITIPG). It states that MITIPG will exclusively focus on promoting mutually beneficial trade, commerce, investment, and collaboration between India and Mozambique at the grassroots level. MITIPG will provide basic services to its estimated 40,000 members without charge, aside from initial entrance fees, and will eventually become self-sustaining through success fees. MITIPG aims to include a wide range of stakeholders from both countries, including governments, businesses, experts, and interest groups.
Harnessing the Fintech Revolution - IIC Oliver WymanGreg Da Re
The document discusses how digital innovations from fintech companies are helping to address the $250 billion financing gap for MSMEs in Latin America and the Caribbean. It outlines how fintech solutions are leveraging alternative data and advanced analytics, process automation, value-added services, crowdfunding/peer-to-peer lending, payments, and other approaches to improve access to financing for MSMEs. While the fintech sector is emerging in Latin America, partnerships between fintechs and traditional financial institutions have faced challenges. The report recommends that financial institutions establish dedicated innovation teams and more flexible governance structures to better adopt new technologies and serve the MSME market.
The document discusses proceedings from the 2009 Global Competitiveness Forum held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It provides an overview of the forum's topics and sessions which centered around achieving "responsible competitiveness" in areas such as markets, energy, food, talent, and the global economic crisis. Key discussions involved balancing short-term economic needs with long-term priorities like sustainability, innovation, and developing human capital. The forum aimed to promote cooperation between governments and businesses to restore shared prosperity in a sustainable manner.
Trading for development in the age of gvcs: How Nigeria can benefit from part...Michael Nwankwo
Nigeria can benefit from participating in global value chains (GVCs) by enacting policies that attract foreign direct investment, liberalize trade, improve infrastructure like transportation and customs procedures, strengthen contract enforcement and intellectual property rights, invest in human capital, and help integrate small farmers into agricultural value chains. This will allow the country to overcome constraints like lack of capital and technology, small domestic market size, and remote location, and better specialize in parts of complex products. However, Nigeria must also enact policies to prevent GVCs from magnifying environmental degradation.
The document discusses several key topics related to globalization and international business:
1. It defines globalization as the integration of world economies through reduced barriers to trade, capital, technology, and labor movement. This includes the globalization of markets and production.
2. Factors driving increased globalization include advances in technology, trade liberalization, economic reforms, growing consumerism, and global competition.
3. International business refers to commercial transactions between two or more countries, including exports, imports, and transportation. Firms engage in international business to access new markets and take advantage of factors like lower costs and skilled labor in other countries.
4. Barriers to international trade include cultural differences, political risks
The document discusses the challenges of open commerce, including tax compliance with VAT regulations in different countries, currency and commodity volatility, complex trade regulations, enabling suppliers to trade electronically, and managing cash flow visibility across global supply chains. It also examines how e-invoicing can help address these challenges by streamlining processes, improving supplier relationships, and enhancing operational efficiency for businesses engaging in international trade.
The document is the 2014-2015 Global Competitiveness Report published by the World Economic Forum. It was edited by Professor Klaus Schwab and Professor Xavier Sala-i-Martín. The report assesses the competitiveness of various countries and economies based on the Global Competitiveness Index and data from the Executive Opinion Survey. It acknowledges contributions from various partner institutes that provided important support and data.
The 2014 Annual Report is split into three main sections. The first contains a message from the WTO Director-General. The second section provides a brief overview of 2013 and some background information on the WTO, while the third has more in-depth information.
This document discusses using external trade agreements to strengthen innovation systems in CARICOM countries. It notes that innovation is critical for CARICOM economies to improve competitiveness but that their innovation systems are underdeveloped due to small size and other constraints. It argues that trade agreements can be leveraged to address innovation challenges and foster innovation-led growth through negotiated commitments. The document provides background on the importance of innovation for CARICOM and conditions affecting their innovation performance before discussing using trade agreements as policy instruments to develop innovation capabilities.
1. The document summarizes remarks made by South Africa's Minister of Mineral Resources at the 2012 Kimberley Process Intersessional Meeting in Washington DC.
2. It discusses the important role that the Kimberley Process plays in ensuring conflict-free diamond trade and the benefits this brings to developing countries. The KP has been successful in reducing conflict diamonds to less than 1% of the global trade.
3. However, the Minister notes that the KP must continue to evolve and address new challenges. This includes supporting post-conflict countries and transforming diamonds into a symbol of hope. The KP should also consider establishing a permanent secretariat and revising its core documents.
The Caribbean Community Regional Aid for Trade Strategy 2013-2015 aims to help CARICOM member states overcome constraints to competitiveness and trade expansion through three strategic goals: 1) Upgrading key economic infrastructure, 2) Enhancing competitiveness and trade diversification, and 3) Deepening regional integration and maximizing gains from trade agreements. The strategy identifies priority areas and "anchor" projects to achieve these goals in maritime transport, ICT, energy, trade facilitation, and private sector development. It also categorizes activities as regional, national-regional, or national to coordinate aid for trade efforts across the Caribbean.
This document summarizes the potential benefits of a CARICOM-Canada Trade and Development Agreement. Some key benefits include:
- Providing duty-free access for CARICOM goods to the Canadian market
- Facilitating reciprocal but asymmetric trade liberalization that gives CARICOM more time to open its markets
- Expanding access to Canadian services and investment markets beyond what is available now
- Promoting technology transfer, innovation, and foreign direct investment between the two regions
- Establishing rules on e-commerce, government procurement, intellectual property, and competition policy.
The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) sees the third global review of Aid for Trade as an important opportunity to evaluate the impact of aid, establish best practices, and recommit to aid as a development tool. CARICOM countries face challenges as small, vulnerable, and highly indebted economies. They are working to strengthen regional integration through various initiatives while also seeking to recalibrate the multilateral trading system to account for the needs of developing economies. CARICOM is developing a regional aid for trade strategy and working with partners like the EU, IDB, and Canada to design projects that can boost competitiveness and trade.
The document discusses regional integration efforts in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) through the establishment of the Caribbean Single Market and Economy (CSME). It provides background on CARICOM, describes the main goals and pillars of the CSME in establishing a single economic space for free movement of goods, services, capital etc. across CARICOM countries. Expected outcomes include increased employment, investment, production, trade, standards of living and economic development on a regional scale. Specialized institutions have also been established to facilitate and regulate integration under the CSME framework.
This document is a sponsored supplement about Qatar from Summit Communications. It discusses Qatar's stable economy due to prudent natural resource management. Recent reforms have opened sectors like consulting, technology, and distribution fully to foreign investment. The hydrocarbon industry has boosted the non-oil industry through wealth generation. While hydrocarbons will remain the main economic driver, Qatar is working to diversify its economy and energy sector. United Development Company is highlighted as an example of successful diversification through projects in industries like infrastructure, real estate, and hospitality.
The CARICOM Secretariat will convene a CARICOM-Canada Trade Development Forum on November 2-3, 2011 in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. The forum will bring together private sector stakeholders from CARICOM and Canada to discuss existing and future trade and investment opportunities under the proposed CARICOM-Canada Trade and Development Agreement. Key sectors to be discussed include professional services, tourism, film production, financial services, and goods such as agribusiness products, rum, and mining. The forum aims to identify business opportunities and foster cooperation between private and public sectors in both regions.
Final press release saturday feb 24 final englishQNB Group
The Institute of International Finance held its annual meeting of Middle Eastern and North African bank CEOs in Doha, Qatar. Over 100 executives from the region's banks attended along with representatives from global firms. The meeting included discussions on challenges facing the financial industry in the region due to political turmoil and the global economy. Speakers commented on diverging economic performance between countries experiencing political change and oil-exporting nations. Qatar was highlighted as continuing to achieve high growth while diversifying its economy.
Services Scoop is the pioneering trade magazine of the Caribbean. This magazine highlights the critical yet underrated role the services sector plays in the Caribbean’s economic development.
Services Scoop explores how the region can better realize trade in services and seize regional and international opportunities and showcases regional success stories. The objective of this
publication is to raise awareness on the value and quality of the regional services sector and the potential of trade in services. This world-class, informative magazine is the annual publication of the Caribbean Network of Service Coalitions (CNSC).
The document summarizes the Caribbean Institute of Certified Management Consultants' (CICMC) June/July 2011 newsletter. It discusses the 3rd annual management consulting symposium held in the Dominican Republic, which over 80 delegates from the Caribbean region attended. It highlights two individuals, Gregory Hinkson and Norma Shorey-Bryan, who recently received their CMC designation through CICMC. It also provides an update on CICMC membership, which now stands at 80 members across 13 countries.
This document provides an overview of the key topics covered in an international business textbook. It discusses the growth of international business and defines it as transactions carried out across borders. It also highlights the opportunities and challenges of international business. The textbook will examine the environment, trade, investment, markets, strategy, operations, and future of international business. It will analyze how globalization has increased international access and will take a comprehensive look at conducting business internationally.
The cultural environment includes factors such as customs, traditions, religion, language, and attitudes that influence consumer behavior in foreign markets. Understanding differences in cultural values is important for international marketers to effectively adapt marketing strategies for different cultures. Failure to account for cultural differences can negatively impact acceptance of products and services in foreign markets.
Mozambique India Trade & Investment Promotion GroupIndia Advisors
The document discusses the Mozambique-India Trade & Investment Promotion Group (MITIPG). It states that MITIPG will exclusively focus on promoting mutually beneficial trade, commerce, investment, and collaboration between India and Mozambique at the grassroots level. MITIPG will provide basic services to its estimated 40,000 members without charge, aside from initial entrance fees, and will eventually become self-sustaining through success fees. MITIPG aims to include a wide range of stakeholders from both countries, including governments, businesses, experts, and interest groups.
Harnessing the Fintech Revolution - IIC Oliver WymanGreg Da Re
The document discusses how digital innovations from fintech companies are helping to address the $250 billion financing gap for MSMEs in Latin America and the Caribbean. It outlines how fintech solutions are leveraging alternative data and advanced analytics, process automation, value-added services, crowdfunding/peer-to-peer lending, payments, and other approaches to improve access to financing for MSMEs. While the fintech sector is emerging in Latin America, partnerships between fintechs and traditional financial institutions have faced challenges. The report recommends that financial institutions establish dedicated innovation teams and more flexible governance structures to better adopt new technologies and serve the MSME market.
The document discusses proceedings from the 2009 Global Competitiveness Forum held in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. It provides an overview of the forum's topics and sessions which centered around achieving "responsible competitiveness" in areas such as markets, energy, food, talent, and the global economic crisis. Key discussions involved balancing short-term economic needs with long-term priorities like sustainability, innovation, and developing human capital. The forum aimed to promote cooperation between governments and businesses to restore shared prosperity in a sustainable manner.
Trading for development in the age of gvcs: How Nigeria can benefit from part...Michael Nwankwo
Nigeria can benefit from participating in global value chains (GVCs) by enacting policies that attract foreign direct investment, liberalize trade, improve infrastructure like transportation and customs procedures, strengthen contract enforcement and intellectual property rights, invest in human capital, and help integrate small farmers into agricultural value chains. This will allow the country to overcome constraints like lack of capital and technology, small domestic market size, and remote location, and better specialize in parts of complex products. However, Nigeria must also enact policies to prevent GVCs from magnifying environmental degradation.
The document discusses several key topics related to globalization and international business:
1. It defines globalization as the integration of world economies through reduced barriers to trade, capital, technology, and labor movement. This includes the globalization of markets and production.
2. Factors driving increased globalization include advances in technology, trade liberalization, economic reforms, growing consumerism, and global competition.
3. International business refers to commercial transactions between two or more countries, including exports, imports, and transportation. Firms engage in international business to access new markets and take advantage of factors like lower costs and skilled labor in other countries.
4. Barriers to international trade include cultural differences, political risks
The document discusses the challenges of open commerce, including tax compliance with VAT regulations in different countries, currency and commodity volatility, complex trade regulations, enabling suppliers to trade electronically, and managing cash flow visibility across global supply chains. It also examines how e-invoicing can help address these challenges by streamlining processes, improving supplier relationships, and enhancing operational efficiency for businesses engaging in international trade.
The document is the 2014-2015 Global Competitiveness Report published by the World Economic Forum. It was edited by Professor Klaus Schwab and Professor Xavier Sala-i-Martín. The report assesses the competitiveness of various countries and economies based on the Global Competitiveness Index and data from the Executive Opinion Survey. It acknowledges contributions from various partner institutes that provided important support and data.
The 2014 Annual Report is split into three main sections. The first contains a message from the WTO Director-General. The second section provides a brief overview of 2013 and some background information on the WTO, while the third has more in-depth information.
This document provides an overview of the 20th anniversary of the Association of Caribbean States (ACS), which was established in 1994 to promote cooperation among countries in the Greater Caribbean region. It discusses the ACS's origins, achievements over its first two decades, and priority areas of focus going forward such as expanding trade and investment, reducing disaster risks, sustainable tourism, and regional transportation connectivity. The ACS Secretary-General highlights progress made in 2013, including ratification of agreements and approval of projects, and looks ahead to the upcoming 6th Summit in Mexico to further consolidate cooperation efforts across the region.
The European Commission’s assessment of the likely benefits of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership
(TTIP) is based on analysis carried out by the Centre for Economic Policy Research, a leading
independent pan-European economic research organization. Given the significance of TTIP, this analysis
has been widely discussed in policy debates, in the press, on social media. The material provided in this
document attempts to answer some of the questions that have been raised in those contexts.
The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is responsible for the preparation of this report. U.S. Trade Representative Michael Froman gratefully acknowledges the contributions of all USTR staff to the writing and production of this report and notes, in particular, the contributions of Brittany Bauer, Colby Clark, and Michael Roberts. Thanks are extended to partner Executive Branch agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency and the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Health and Human Services, Justice, Labor, State, and Treasury. In preparing the report, substantial information was solicited from U.S. Embassies around the world and from interested stakeholders. The draft of this report was circulated through the interagency Trade Policy Staff Committee. March 2014Wto2014 0918a
This document discusses trade between the CARICOM region and Ghana. It finds that while CARICOM exports a modest amount to Ghana, totaling $26.8 million USD in 2012, the trade is inconsistent and concentrated in a few products like ceramics, fish, and chemicals. Ghana's economy has grown around 6% annually in recent years due to its oil, gas, agriculture and services sectors. The document recommends CARICOM explore opportunities in Ghana's growing market, as some companies like GraceKennedy have already begun operations there.
The document discusses a meeting of the Council on Trade and Economic Development (COTED) of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) that recognized the need to address the link between trade policies, diet, and obesity in the Caribbean region. The COTED established a working group to prepare for a joint meeting in 2014 on these issues. The working group is coordinated by the Caribbean Public Health Agency, the Office of Trade Negotiations, and CARICOM. The collaboration aims to develop effective strategies to address non-communicable diseases related to poor dietary intake. The document summarizes research finding that international trade has reduced the costs of energy-dense foods high in sugars and fats, making these diets more affordable and contributing to obesity
This guide helps businesses take advantage of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement. The agreement simplifies customs procedures, allowing businesses to become more competitive. This jargon-free guide explains the provisions with a focus on what businesses need to know to take advantage of the agreement. It will also help policy makers identify their needs for technical assistance to implement and monitor it. - See more at: http://www.intracen.org/wto-trade-facilitation-agreement-business-guide-for-developing-countries/#sthash.UA1o6V3G.dpuf
The document summarizes the Common External Tariff (CET) structure used by CARICOM member states. It describes how the CET categorizes products as either inputs into production or final goods. These products are then further divided into competing or non-competing based on whether regional production meets 75% of regional demand. Several categories of products are given special treatment in the CET rates, including selected exports, agriculture, agricultural inputs, safety items, cost of living sensitive goods, socio-economic/cultural goods, and revenue generating items like alcohol and cigarettes.
This Working Paper was published by United Nations University Maastricht Economic and social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT). It seeks to provide insights about the main characteristics of innovative firms and to gather new evidence with regard to the nature of the innovation process in the Latin American and Caribbean region. This Paper analyses data from a number of CARICOM countries.
Details for persons who are interested in attending the Caribbean Festival of the Arts (CARIFESTA) scheduled for Suriname from 16-25 August 2013 under the theme “CULTURE FOR DEVELOPMENT, Celebrating our Diversity and Promoting the Central Role of Culture in Economic, Social and Human Development”
The Caribbean Community Secretariat is seeking to fill the position of Technical Advisor in Investment and Private Sector. The position is based in Barbados and requires a candidate with at least a Master's degree and 5 years experience in investment promotion, business development, or related trade matters. Key responsibilities include providing technical support and advice on investment, serving as a liaison to private sector stakeholders, conducting research and analysis, and representing CARICOM at various meetings. The position offers an attractive remuneration package including education grants for dependents and relocation assistance.
This document celebrates the 40th anniversary of CARICOM (Caribbean Community). It contains speeches and articles from political leaders and experts reflecting on the progress and achievements of CARICOM over the past 40 years as well as the continued importance of Caribbean integration and cooperation going forward. Key points made include that CARICOM has advanced economic integration, functional cooperation, and the vision of a unified Caribbean community despite ongoing challenges. The document encourages continuing efforts to deepen regional integration to address global issues and take advantage of opportunities through a shared Caribbean identity and destiny.
The document summarizes global trade in cheese and curd. It finds that in 2011, global cheese and curd imports totaled $27.4 billion, with Germany accounting for over 15% of imports. The top 10 importing countries jointly accounted for 63.3% of global imports. While global import spending grew 4% annually from 2007-2011, some individual countries like Israel and Brazil saw above average growth. The US imposed the highest average tariffs on cheese and curd imports at over 17%. The document then analyzes cheese and curd exports from CARICOM countries, finding that exports have declined in recent years and are concentrated in a few markets like the US. Jamaica dominates CARICOM exports, though prices are higher
OTN UPDATE is the flagship electronic trade newsletter of the Office of Trade Negotiations (OTN). The newsletter provides analyses of international trade policy issues and developments relevant to the Caribbean. It focuses on the OTN's work, trade negotiation topics within its mandate, and related activities. The intention is to provide stakeholders awareness of important trade policy changes affecting the Caribbean.
The document discusses innovation emerging as a new frontier in multilateral trade cooperation at the WTO. It notes that as knowledge and creative economies grow, countries are increasingly concerned with the link between innovation, trade performance, and competitiveness. While intellectual property protection is important, innovation depends on broader factors. The prospects for multilateral trade cooperation expanding beyond reducing barriers to
The Panel on Defining the Future of Trade was established in 2012. The Panel was mandated to: “….examine and analyse challenges to global trade opening in the 21st century” against the background of profound transformations occurring in the world economy, looking “at the drivers of today’s and tomorrow’s trade, […] at trade patterns and at what it means to open global trade in the 21st century, bearing in mind the role of trade in contributing to sustainable development, growth, jobs and poverty alleviation.” This is the Report of the Panel.
The document provides an overview of trade between the CARICOM region and the European Union (EU27). Some key points:
- CARICOM's exports to the EU27 grew by 11.8% annually from 2002-2011, compared to 10.2% annual growth in EU imports overall. However, CARICOM only accounted for 0.1% of the EU27's total import spending.
- The top CARICOM exports to the EU27 in 2011 included liquefied natural gas, cargo vessels, light petroleum distillates, and semi-manufactured gold. However, some major exports like raw cane sugar, aluminum oxide, and rum have not been growing in the EU27 market.
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A Glimpse at the OTN [2011-01-18]
1. Office of Trade Negotiations
for
TRADE Matters…
OTN Barbados Office
1st floor, “Speedbird House”
Independence Square
Bridgetown BB1121
BARBADOS
barbados.office@crnm.org
T (246) 430 1670
F (246) 228 9528
OTN Jamaica Office
2nd floor, PCJ Building
36 Trafalgar Road
Kingston 10
JAMAICA
jamaica.office@crnm.org
T (876) 908 4242/3922
F (876) 754 2998
www.crnm.org
2. Trade and Everyday Life
Simply put, international trade happens when goods and services are sold
across international borders.
At the basic level, trade is necessary because it allows people within
countries to access resources, goods and services that are not produced
locally. Trade also helps people to acquire resources, goods and services
that are produced more cheaply by foreign producers than by local
producers
Beyond this, because international trade improves the circulation of global
resources, it also facilitates the generation of employment and business
opportunities, and helps reduce poverty and propel development.
International Trade matters. It affects our daily lives. The prices of the
goods and services we buy, the quality and quantity of employment
opportunities for present and future generations, the prospects for
attracting investment to our Region and the capacity of Caribbean countries
to improve wealth creation are all dependent on our trading relationships
with the rest of the world.
However, international trade is complex and can be affected by
international politics and the balance of world power among the trading
parties. It is therefore important to ensure that smaller, less developed and
more vulnerable countries derive practical and concrete benefit from their
trading relationship.
Individuals across the Region need to be aware of the importance of trade in
achieving improved standards of living, new opportunities for business and
employment and an overall improved quality of life.
The Caribbean Community
The CARICOM Secretariat
The CARICOM Secretariat is the principal
(CARICOM) administrative organ of the Community and
is headed by a Secretary General who is the
Chief Executive Officer of the Community.
The Community
coordinating economic policies and Mission Statement:
The Caribbean Community (CARICOM), is development planning; devising and
an organization of 15 Caribbean nations and instituting special projects for the less- To provide dynamic leadership and service
dependencies. CARICOM's main purposes are developed countries within its jurisdiction; in partnership with Community Institutions
to promote economic integration and operating as a regional single market for and groups, toward the attainment of a
cooperation among its members, to ensure many of its members (Caricom Single viable, internationally competitive and
that the benefits of integration are Market); and handling regional trade sustainable Community, with improved
equitably shared, and to coordinate foreign disputes. The secretariat headquarters is quality of life for all.
policy. Its major activities involve based in Georgetown, Guyana.
www.crnm.org
3. The New Trade Environment
Rapid advancements in technology and communications
have helped the global community to become more
interconnected culturally, economically and politically. Trade liberalization and
The benefit has been that the world, more than ever
before, has the capacity to quickly exchange information, trade preference erosion
goods and services, innovation, labour resources and
capital across international borders. This process of
have resulted in increased
exchange has also created a growing independence of competition to Caribbean
nation states.
exports in the
In spite of this interdependence, the outcome of
participating in the international economic system has International market.
varied significantly for nations because of differences in
power, wealth, and capacity to use resources to realize
and sustain development. Relatively small population and
market size, limited financial resources and susceptibility Cultivating external trading relationships is essential for
to natural disasters challenge the Caribbean’s ability to the Caribbean to adjust to the challenges presented by
sustain economic development within the global economic the external trade environment and to take advantages of
system. the opportunities. Through the development of external
trade relationships, the Region will be best able to
There are current trends in international trade that negotiate the pace and intensity of trade liberalization.
present challenges to development for developing Furthermore, the Caribbean may better secure the
countries, such as those of the Caribbean. International flexibility needed to attract and use technological
trade is currently characterized by acceleration of the innovation, labour resources, and investment, to
removal of barriers to trade (trade liberalization), such as transform the capacity, efficiency, productivity and
taxes on imports upon entry into a country (tariffs), and competitiveness of productive sectors.
limits on the quantity of goods that can be imported (quota
restrictions). Another characteristic associated with External trade negotiations are therefore an indispensible
international trade is the erosion of privileges in the form part of the Regional Strategy to reposition their
of non-reciprocal trade preferences that facilitate duty economies in the global economic system.
free or reduced duty access of some products from
developing countries, such as the Caribbean, to developed The Office of Trade Negotiations (OTN) is charged with
country markets such as the United States and Europe. the responsibility of helping the Caribbean to
competitively position itself in the global market place, in
Trade liberalization and trade preferences erosion have order to maximize trade and development opportunities
resulted in increased competition to Caribbean exports on for the long term benefit of the Caribbean people.
the international market. This has been the case, for
example, in the banana and sugar sectors. Caribbean
producers are therefore compelled to adjust, so that they
can continue to compete at global standards of efficiency,
productivity and quality.
www.crnm.org
4. What is the OTN?
In the mid 1980s it became clear to the leaders of Caribbean governments
that external trade negotiations were going to be extremely important in
helping the Region adjust to the challenges of the changing international
environment. It was also apparent that these negotiations were essential to
enabling the Caribbean to advantage of development opportunities in areas
where the Caribbean may have potential competitive edge.
Given the Region’s limited human and financial resources, external negotiations had to be
approached in a coordinated, managed and systematic way to avoid use of these resources in an
inefficient an ineffective manner. It was considered necessary to create an organization whose
dedicated task would be to manage the negotiation process under direction of the Regional
Governments.
In recognition of these challenges, the Conference of the Heads of Government of the
Caribbean Community (CARICOM), formally established the Caribbean Regional Negotiating
Machinery (CRNM) in April 1997 to develop, coordinate and execute an overall negotiating
strategy for various external negotiations in which the Region was involved. At the behest of
the CARICOM Member States, who principally constituted CRNM’s membership, the CRNM also
represented the trade interests of the Dominican Republic and Cuba in specific negotiating
arenas.
The CRNM underwent restructuring in order to streamline the logistics of its core function with
Director-General of the OTN,
operational and administrative systems of other related Community Organs, instruments and H. E. Ambassador Gail S. Mathurin, CD
organizations.
Following a decision taken in March 12-13 2009 in Belize during the Twentieth Inter- Sessional
Meeting of the Conference of the Heads, the CRNM was incorporated into the Caribbean
Community (CARICOM) Secretariat as a Specialized Department. Subsequently, another decision
was taken by the Heads of Government during the 30th Meeting of the Conference of Heads of
Government of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) held 2-4 July 2009 in Guyana, to rename
the CRNM as the Office of Trade Negotiations (OTN).
The CRNM, as the Office of Trade Negotiations of the CARICOM Secretariat, now has extended
responsibility for the coordination, development, and execution of negotiating strategies for all
Community external trade negotiations. The OTN is led by the Director General, Ambassador
Gail Mathurin, whose appointment was confirmed in July 2009.
www.crnm.org
5. The Mandate
The OTN is responsible for developing and maintaining a • Facilitating the generation of national positions
cohesive and effective framework for the coordination and • Coordinating the formulation of a cohesive
negotiating strategy
management of CARICOM’s external trade negotiation
• Leading negotiations where appropriate
resources and expertise. Our mission is to help Member
• Providing sound advice when required
States maximize the benefits of participating in global
trade negotiations by:
The Negotiations in Focus
The OTN engages in negotiations on four general levels: negotiations of the Free Trade Area of the
Americas. (FTAA). NB. These negotiations have
• Multilateral Level – This includes negotiations been dormant since 2003;
within the World Trade Organization (WTO); • Bilateral Level – This includes the negotiation of
• Inter-regional Level – This included the agreements between CARICOM and other
negotiations of the Economic Partnership countries such as: Canada, Costa Rica, and the
Agreement (EPA) with the European Union; Dominican Republic.
• The Hemispheric Level – This includes the
Structure and Functioning of the OTN
At all levels of negotiations, Trade and Foreign Ministers, their professional staff in Member State capitals, and their Representatives in
centres such as Brussels and Geneva, have played, and continue to play essential roles in the negotiating process. The OTN is involved
intimately in integrating these efforts in order to arrive at common regional negotiating positions.
The OTN management team is currently comprised of the Director-General, a Senior Director with overarching responsibility for technical
work of the organization, a Director of Technical Cooperation, Partnerships and Information responsible for relations with the donor
community and overall management of grant agreements.
The technical team consists of CARICOM nationals who are experts in various issues which are the subject of the negotiations. During a
negotiation, the mechanism designed to ensure coherence across the negotiating positions in several negotiating disciplines is a College of
Negotiators. A College comprises Lead and Alternate Lead Negotiators for each of the negotiating arenas who actually undertake the
negotiations under the overall coordination of the Dean of the College. Colleges meet periodically, and independently of a negotiation, to
review developments in the respective negotiating arenas, and to discuss future strategies. Some of the OTN’s technical staff members serve
alongside regional experts either as Lead Negotiators, or as Alternate Lead Negotiators within a College.
The governance structure established by the Heads of Government requires the OTN, as a Department of the CARICOM Secretariat, to report
to the CARICOM Council for Trade and Economic Development (COTED) which provides guidance the OTN, and defines its negotiating
mandate. The Director-General is also directly responsible to the Secretary-General of the CARICOM Secretariat.
www.crnm.org
6. Heads of Government have approved the use of a broad consultation process in development and design of regional negotiating positions.
This process includes the following:
Financing
The OTN receives its financing from two (2) principal sources:
• Member State contribution which are considered as core financing;
• Donor contributions from international development partners (IDPs), which fund programme activities and
some staff.
The OTN currently enjoys financial support from the following IDPs)
i. CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency)
ii. Commonwealth Secretariat (COMSEC)
iii. CDB (Caribbean Development Bank)
iv. DFID (United Kingdom (UK) Department for International Development)
v. The European Commission (EC) – Trade.COM and the European Development Fund (EDF)
vi. FES (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung)
vii. GTZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft fϋr Technische Zusammernarbeit)
viii. IDB (Inter-American Development Bank)
ix. Organization of American States (OAS)
x. USAID (United States Agency for International Development)
xi. Ad hoc bilateral support
Challenges
Representing the region’s external trade negotiating interests is important but challenging work.
The OTN’s responsibility is confronted by institutional and negotiating challenges. These include:
• Responding in a timely manner to the technical requirements of negotiations, as this tends to require highly
specialized knowledge.
• Absence of relevant technical and statistical data in many countries
• Deploying limited regional human and financial resources to execute the mandate
• Ensuring that the particular problems which face the small regional economies are accommodated in new
trading arrangements.
The OTN is assisted in endeavours to overcome these challenges through the contributions of regional member states,
and through partnerships with a number of regional and international agents from several countries including Canada,
Europe and the United States.
www.crnm.org
7. Achievements
Notwithstanding these challenges there have been a number of achievements accomplished over the years. The OTN
has
• Helped forge trans-regional alliances with Latin American and African countries in external trade negotiating
arenas.
• Attained considerable success in advancing bilateral negotiations within its mandate
• Become more user-friendly, consultative and responsive to a variety of stakeholders in order to better
facilitate member countries in the process of strategic global repositioning.
Mattering more to the Community
OTN is proud of the progress made since inception. Through OTN’s Communications Outreach Program stakeholders
across the region have not only been sensitized to the regional challenges of development but have also been educated
about the opportunities and potential for regional development in the international trading environment. In particular,
the Private Sector Outreach programme has been instrumental in helping to improve the knowledge of the private
sector about trade negotiation issues. The program has helped to build the private sector’s confidence to participate
more actively in the shaping of external trade policy.
Additionally, the OTN through training internships has contributed to the development of a cadre of professionals over
the years. Through improving human capital, the OTN is continuing to assist the region in overcoming its limitations to
secure the future of regional development.
Member States
The OTN represents the following member states of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) and the Republic of Cuba.
Antigua and Barbuda The Barbados Barbados
Belize Commonwealth of Dominica Grenada
Cooperative Republic of Guyana Republic of Haiti Jamaica
Fed. Of St. Christopher (Kitts) and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Republic of Suriname Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
www.crnm.org