1. The case discusses a 21-year-old male patient, Carlos, who is being discharged from the hospital after being treated for gunshot wounds. He will receive nursing care at home from his sister. 2. Carlos is secretly homosexual and worried about being disgraced by his family. He pleads with his doctor not to disclose to his sister that he is HIV positive. However, not informing her puts her at risk of contracting HIV while caring for his wounds. 3. The question is whether the doctor would be morally justified in breaching patient confidentiality by informing the sister of Carlos's HIV status, on the grounds of having a "duty to warn" her of the potential exposure.