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Uwe Altrock
Metropolitan and Regional Cooperation –
the German Experience
Gdansk, 22 Nov 2013
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Outline
►Introduction
►Metropolitan and regional planning in a “social
market economy”
►The roots of current trends
►Current trends
►Governance innovations
►Conclusions

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Introduction
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►Metropolitan growth and coordination
►Fair inter-regional balance
►Sustainability and land consumption
►Organization of regional cooperation

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Challenges of regional development
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Regional development in a “social market
economy”
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►Spatial development
►National and state infrastructure projects
►Regional planning
►However: strong municipal autonomy
►However: political criticisms

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Regional development mechanisms
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The roots of current trends
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►Crisis of comprehensive planning
►Weakness of regional planning in times of
economic restructuring
►IBA Emscher Park as alternative regional
planning approach (1989-1999) fostering
vision-based incrementalism
►Metro area cooperation

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Major changes in regional development
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IBA Emscher Park

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IBA Emscher Park
►Regional greenways

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IBA Emscher Park
►Identity politics

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IBA Emscher Park
►Identity politics

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IBA Emscher Park

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IBA Emscher Park

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Current trends
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Regional development innovations
►Demonstration projects
►Metro area development co-operations
►Regional development agencies
►Incentive systems for inter-municipal
development coordination

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►Regional planning
►Cross-border integration
and coordination of
infrastructure and utilities
►Joint promotion of
tourism
►Economic cooperation
and clusters
►Network activities
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Metro area development cooperations
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Metro area development cooperations
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Regional development agencies

“Regionale” Cologne
“Rhine”
“City”
“Cultural heritage”

“Green”
“Gardens of technology”

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“Regionale” Cologne
►Case study “Gardens of Technology”

Water supply
competence center
Garbage dump
Industrial zone
chemistry/energy
Research center for
Chemical plant
aerospace medicine

Open cast mine

Agricultural
research center

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“Gardens of Technology”
► Landscaping
► Educational facilities
► Creation of new images
► Awareness raising

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:metabolon

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:metabolon

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:metabolon

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:metabolon

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:metabolon
►The backside of the region becoming …
■
■
■
■
■
■
■

… an intentionally landscaped area
… an accessible and embedded place
… a complex research center
… a training and educational center
… a cluster for environmental technology
… a part of an innovative knowledge-based region
… an unusual recreation center

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►Complex strategic networking of stakeholders
in the concept stage
►Professional fora on innovation, education etc.
during implementation
►Detailed quality monitoring and development
►Communication of hidden regional structures
►Regional development agencies as initiators,
think tanks, moderators, enablers, quality
control experts
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The role of intermediate organizations
State government

Funding
Initiating

Strategic networking
Stakeholders

Project

Qualifying

Regional
development
agency

Strategic networking
Municipalities

Project

Project

Special purpose organizations

Project

Project

Project

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The role of intermediate organizations
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Conclusion: Governance innovations
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Governance innovations
► Starting point
■ Horizontal coordination required
■ Regional planning weak

► Metro area coordination
■ Integrative organizational reform among equal partners

► Regional development incentives
■ Experimental settings for service delivery innovations
■ Bundling to overcome local budget crises

► Regional development agencies
■ Temporary settings for project-related development
■ Additional social capital and development expertise
■ Quality criteria to be met more easily
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Conclusions
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Conclusions
►Comprehensive regional planning not very
successful in development
►Financial incentives by higher tiers of
government crucial for regional cooperation
►Innovation often building on flexible and
sometimes temporary intermediate
organizations
►Vision-based incrementalism promising

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Thank you!
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prof. Uwe Altrock, Universität Kassel, "Metropolitan and regional cooperation – the German experience."