This document describes a patent for improvements in forming hermetic seals between metallic parts without heat. It involves arranging indium between the metallic surfaces and applying pressure to cause the indium to diffuse into each surface, forming an airtight seal. The indium cold-welds easily and provides a vacuum-tight bond at room temperature between metals like copper. The seal can withstand baking up to 600°C without deterioration.
This document describes an electrical condenser comprising a stack of alternating metal foil and glass foil layers bonded together. Some of the metal foil layers have portions that project beyond the glass foil layers. A glass cover element seals the stack and terminal lugs contact the projecting metal foil portions. The lugs can have portions covered by the metal foil that is sandwiched between the cover element and a glass foil layer in the stack. This allows for movement of the lugs during temperature changes without damage to the assembly.
This document describes an electrical condenser comprising a stack of alternating metal foil and glass foil layers bonded together. Some of the metal foil layers have portions projecting beyond the edges of the glass foil layers. A glass cover element seals the stack. Terminal lugs contact the projecting metal foil portions. The lugs have foil covering sandwiched between the cover element and top glass foil layer to allow for differential expansion without damage. The lugs can be interlocked to the assembly through apertures and teeth embedded in the glass. Condenser assemblies can be combined and calibrated to achieve close capacitance tolerances.
This document describes a process and apparatus for making composite metal sheet products by bonding metal layers together through brazing. The process involves stacking metal layers with brazing material between them in a flexible casing, evacuating the casing to apply pressure and conform the layers, then heating to braze the layers together before cooling. The apparatus uses a flexible diaphragm casing that can be immersed in a heated liquid bath to rapidly heat and bond stacked metal layer assemblies.
This document describes a 1957 patent for an electron tube with a ceramic envelope. It details improvements to the joint structure connecting the ceramic and metal parts, allowing for differences in thermal expansion without compromising the vacuum seal. Thin metal sealing flanges are used at the grid terminal and anode, with inturned lips brazed to the ceramic. This allows the flanges to flex with thermal changes while the ceramic is rigidly supported by abutting the metal parts.
This document describes a 1957 patent for an electron tube with a ceramic envelope. It details improvements to the joint structure connecting the ceramic and metal parts, allowing for differences in thermal expansion without compromising the vacuum seal. Thin metal sealing flanges are used at the grid terminal and anode, with inturned lips brazed to the ceramic. This allows the flanges to flex with thermal changes while the ceramic is rigidly supported by abutting the metal parts.
This document discusses phase transformations that occur during welding of different materials. It covers topics like weld CCT diagrams, carbon equivalent calculations for preheating requirements of steels, welding metallurgy of stainless steels, and Schaeffler and DeLong diagrams. The objectives are to understand weld metal microstructure development, factors affecting weldability, and predicting weld metal phase constitution. Keywords discussed include CCT diagrams, carbon equivalent values, Schaeffler and DeLong diagrams, and microstructures like grain boundary ferrite and Widmanstatten ferrite.
This document describes a split seal for preventing fluid leakage along a rotating shaft. The split seal consists of two semi-circular metal reinforcing members with flanges and semi-cylindrical portions. Elastomer covers the metal parts and forms sealing lips and grooves. When installed on a housing, the seal's elastomer grooves fit over the housing's flange while the inner sealing lip engages the rotating shaft to prevent fluid leakage. Stresses on the seal from the housing or shaft are resisted by the metal and elastomer parts to maintain an effective fluid-tight seal over time.
This document describes a split seal for preventing fluid leakage along a rotating shaft. The split seal consists of two semi-circular metal reinforcing members with flanges. Elastomer covers the metal members and forms an outwardly opening groove to fit over a housing flange, as well as an inner sealing lip to engage the shaft. Stresses from the housing are resisted by the outer metal member, while stresses from the shaft are countered by the inner metal member, maintaining the efficiency of the sealing lip. The elastomer also extends through perforations in the metal members to help secure the assembly.
This document describes an electrical condenser comprising a stack of alternating metal foil and glass foil layers bonded together. Some of the metal foil layers have portions that project beyond the glass foil layers. A glass cover element seals the stack and terminal lugs contact the projecting metal foil portions. The lugs can have portions covered by the metal foil that is sandwiched between the cover element and a glass foil layer in the stack. This allows for movement of the lugs during temperature changes without damage to the assembly.
This document describes an electrical condenser comprising a stack of alternating metal foil and glass foil layers bonded together. Some of the metal foil layers have portions projecting beyond the edges of the glass foil layers. A glass cover element seals the stack. Terminal lugs contact the projecting metal foil portions. The lugs have foil covering sandwiched between the cover element and top glass foil layer to allow for differential expansion without damage. The lugs can be interlocked to the assembly through apertures and teeth embedded in the glass. Condenser assemblies can be combined and calibrated to achieve close capacitance tolerances.
This document describes a process and apparatus for making composite metal sheet products by bonding metal layers together through brazing. The process involves stacking metal layers with brazing material between them in a flexible casing, evacuating the casing to apply pressure and conform the layers, then heating to braze the layers together before cooling. The apparatus uses a flexible diaphragm casing that can be immersed in a heated liquid bath to rapidly heat and bond stacked metal layer assemblies.
This document describes a 1957 patent for an electron tube with a ceramic envelope. It details improvements to the joint structure connecting the ceramic and metal parts, allowing for differences in thermal expansion without compromising the vacuum seal. Thin metal sealing flanges are used at the grid terminal and anode, with inturned lips brazed to the ceramic. This allows the flanges to flex with thermal changes while the ceramic is rigidly supported by abutting the metal parts.
This document describes a 1957 patent for an electron tube with a ceramic envelope. It details improvements to the joint structure connecting the ceramic and metal parts, allowing for differences in thermal expansion without compromising the vacuum seal. Thin metal sealing flanges are used at the grid terminal and anode, with inturned lips brazed to the ceramic. This allows the flanges to flex with thermal changes while the ceramic is rigidly supported by abutting the metal parts.
This document discusses phase transformations that occur during welding of different materials. It covers topics like weld CCT diagrams, carbon equivalent calculations for preheating requirements of steels, welding metallurgy of stainless steels, and Schaeffler and DeLong diagrams. The objectives are to understand weld metal microstructure development, factors affecting weldability, and predicting weld metal phase constitution. Keywords discussed include CCT diagrams, carbon equivalent values, Schaeffler and DeLong diagrams, and microstructures like grain boundary ferrite and Widmanstatten ferrite.
This document describes a split seal for preventing fluid leakage along a rotating shaft. The split seal consists of two semi-circular metal reinforcing members with flanges and semi-cylindrical portions. Elastomer covers the metal parts and forms sealing lips and grooves. When installed on a housing, the seal's elastomer grooves fit over the housing's flange while the inner sealing lip engages the rotating shaft to prevent fluid leakage. Stresses on the seal from the housing or shaft are resisted by the metal and elastomer parts to maintain an effective fluid-tight seal over time.
This document describes a split seal for preventing fluid leakage along a rotating shaft. The split seal consists of two semi-circular metal reinforcing members with flanges. Elastomer covers the metal members and forms an outwardly opening groove to fit over a housing flange, as well as an inner sealing lip to engage the shaft. Stresses from the housing are resisted by the outer metal member, while stresses from the shaft are countered by the inner metal member, maintaining the efficiency of the sealing lip. The elastomer also extends through perforations in the metal members to help secure the assembly.
This document provides an introduction to metal forming processes, specifically focusing on forging processes. It defines hot working and cold working, and compares their advantages and disadvantages. The main types of forging processes discussed are open die forging, closed die forging, and roll forging. Closed die forging includes drop forging, press forging, and upset forging. Common forging operations like upsetting, drawing down, punching, bending, cutting, and welding are also summarized.
This document discusses various sheet metal processes including cutting, forming, bending, drawing, and stretching operations. Some key points:
1. Sheet metal work involves forming metal sheets 3-5mm thick into parts through cutting, forming, and joining processes.
2. Common forming operations include bending, drawing, stamping, spinning, and stretching. These are used to make parts like boxes, pipes, and covers.
3. Cutting operations separate metal through shearing, punching, blanking, and notching. Forming operations shape metal between dies and punches.
4. Bending forms angles in sheet metal through single, double, roll, and seam bending. Drawing forms cylindrical and box
This document describes improvements to heat exchanger tubes made of thin-walled aluminum or light alloy. It discusses two improved modes of manufacturing the tubes. The first involves forming a strip into a tube shape with the longitudinal edges turned inward and joined. The second involves forming a tube from two complementary strips with abutting longitudinal edges joined. Both methods involve coating the strips with brazing filler and brazing the joined edges.
This document describes improvements to heat exchanger tubes made of thin-walled aluminum or light alloy. It discusses two improved modes of manufacturing the tubes. The first involves forming a strip into a tube shape with the longitudinal edges turned inward and joined. The second involves forming a tube from two complementary strips with abutting longitudinal edges joined. Both methods involve coating the strips with brazing filler and brazing the joined edges.
This document describes improvements to heat exchanger tubes made of thin-walled aluminum or light alloy. It discusses two improved modes of manufacturing the tubes. The first involves forming a strip into a tube shape with the longitudinal edges turned inward and joined. The second involves forming a tube from two complementary strips with abutting longitudinal edges joined. Both methods involve coating the strips with brazing filler and brazing the joined edges.
This document describes improvements to heat exchanger tubes made of thin-walled aluminum or light alloy. It discusses two improved modes of manufacturing the tubes. The first involves forming a strip into a tube shape with the longitudinal edges turned inward and joined. The second involves forming a tube from two complementary strips with abutting longitudinal edges joined. Both methods involve coating the strips with brazing filler and brazing the joined edges.
This document provides details of a metal rectifier assembly, including:
- A block of insulating material with holes containing stacks of rectifier elements.
- A sheet of flexible insulating material folded to form panels contacting the block, with metallic connections interfacing the stacks.
- A sheet metal container pressing the insulating material into contact with the stacks.
- Improved embodiments provide a "circuit card" with tags connected to metallic connections to simplify assembly and reduce incorrect connections.
This patent document describes improvements to sealing glands for rotating machines using sintered metals. It discusses how sintered forms of metal like iron or nickel rub away more readily with less heat generation than cast or wrought metals when used in sealing glands between a rotating shaft and surrounding casing. The invention involves using sintered metal for one or both parts of a labyrinth gas gland that are liable to rub against each other.
This patent document describes improvements to sealing glands for rotating machines using sintered metals. It discusses how sintered forms of metal like iron or nickel rub away more readily with less heat generation than cast or wrought metals when used in sealing glands between a rotating shaft and surrounding casing. The invention involves using sintered metal segments in the gland to effect sealing with less risk of melting or heat distortion compared to conventional metals.
This patent document describes improvements to sealing glands for rotating machines using sintered metals. It discusses how sintered forms of metal like iron or nickel rub away more readily with less heat generation than cast or wrought metals when used in sealing glands between a rotating shaft and surrounding casing. The invention involves using sintered metal for one or both of the parts in a labyrinth gas gland that are liable to rub against each other.
This document summarizes a patent for improvements in the manufacture of metal tubes or metal sheaths of electric cables. It describes how metal tubes and cable sheaths are traditionally reduced in diameter through drawing or rolling processes. The invention provides an alternative method for reducing the diameter of tubes or sheaths using a series of collars of progressively smaller internal diameter that are pulled along the length of the tube/sheath.
This document describes a slip ring arrangement for electrically connecting testing equipment to rotating equipment like motors and generators. It involves applying a flexible tape with conductive strips and insulating layers onto the rotating shaft. This allows temporary thermistors or other sensors to be connected for measuring temperature or other variables during field service and testing, without requiring a custom-fitted slip ring assembly. The tape can be wrapped around shafts of varying sizes and the conductive strips form slip rings that brushes connect to, bringing sensor signals to measuring devices. This overcomes issues with conventional slip ring assemblies and allows faster, easier temporary testing of rotating equipment.
This document describes a patent for a method and composition for cleaning boiler tubes. It summarizes that boiler tubes become coated with scale deposits from combustion products, and prior methods for removing these deposits required taking the boiler out of operation. The patented invention involves dissolving borax in a liquid solvent, suspending zinc powder in the solution, and spraying the mixture into the boiler firebox flame. This maintains a uniform distribution and proportion of zinc and borax vapors to clean boiler tubes without taking the boiler out of service.
38 keith f. mello - 5888104 - paint penetrating ground clamp for painted ra...Mello_Patent_Registry
The document describes a paint penetrating ground clamp for electrically grounding painted raised floor pedestals. It consists of an upper clamp part, lower clamp part, and U-bolt. The upper clamp part has barbs or sharp edges formed by piercing into its pedestal contact surface at an acute angle. This creates projections that penetrate the pedestal's paint when the clamp is tightened, establishing electrical contact with the pedestal through the paint without requiring paint removal.
This document describes a high voltage tube socket with an improved means of mounting a corona ring. The tube socket has contact pin receptacles within recesses and solder lugs extending from one side. A corona ring is supported by a single leg portion mounted in a further recess. This allows the corona ring to be easily assembled to the socket with minimal operations to prevent arcing at high voltages.
This document summarizes a patent for recovering cooking liquor from spent soda pulping liquors. It describes how traditional soda pulping processes are expensive and wasteful due to the loss of sodium hydroxide in washings and stack gases. The invention provides a practical method for regenerating the soda with minimal loss, eliminating hazards and allowing recovery of soda cooking liquor from waste liquors containing it.
This document provides a detailed description of GB785658(A), a patent for an improved metal-faced gasket made of a compressible material like asbestos. The gasket aims to tightly seal irregular surfaces under high pressure and temperature. It consists of a compressible sheet sandwiched between two thin metal facings with many small perforations, allowing the material to conform to imperfect surfaces and peel off easily if stuck without tearing. Fasteners like flanges or grommets securely attach the parts in high-pressure areas without compromising compressibility.
This document describes patent GB786114 (A) for a split metal sleeve. It involves:
1) Providing a length of metallic tubing with an inner radius smaller than the object it will embrace.
2) Heat treating the tubing to make it resilient.
3) Flame-cutting the tubing into two segments with interlocking side edges that have a total arc length exceeding 180 degrees.
1) The document describes a split metal sleeve for protecting drill pipes during oil drilling.
2) The sleeve consists of two resilient metal segments that interlock at side edges to form a continuous circumference when installed on the drill pipe.
3) The segments are curved more than 180 degrees so they must be sprung over the pipe diameter, and their interlocking edges ensure a tight, secure fit that can withstand stresses during drilling.
This document discusses advances in tooling materials for friction stir welding (FSW). FSW has become a major joining process since its invention in 1991. New tool designs like the Whorl, MX-Triflute, and Flared-Triflute probes have improved weld quality. Variations in tooling like Skew-Stir and Re-Stir have increased the weld region. Stronger materials like molybdenum alloys and ODS alloys allow welding more difficult alloys but are more expensive. New tool designs and materials are improving FSW for applications like aerospace and shipbuilding.
The document summarizes a study that investigated brazing 304L stainless steel corner joints using a nickel-based filler metal. Specifically:
- Brazing was performed under vacuum using a nickel-based shim and wire on 304L stainless steel sheets of different thicknesses.
- Microstructural examination found differences in the diffusion depth of nickel in the sheets based on their thicknesses. Microhardness was also affected by nickel diffusion.
- The nickel-based filler metal provided reasonable strength for the brazed joints between the 304L sheets of different thicknesses, as well as sufficient diffusion and filling for vacuum applications.
1) The document describes a patent for an apparatus that allows spectrochemical and structural analysis of solids, liquids, and gases using X-rays.
2) It overcomes prior limitations by using a pressure stage stretch to bombard samples with electrons outside of a vacuum, strongly exciting characteristic radiation without destroying samples or requiring vacuum.
3) The pressure stage stretch allows the characteristic radiation excited in atmospheric pressure to be analyzed by a vacuum spectrometer without a foil window or putting the sample in a vacuum.
This document provides an introduction to metal forming processes, specifically focusing on forging processes. It defines hot working and cold working, and compares their advantages and disadvantages. The main types of forging processes discussed are open die forging, closed die forging, and roll forging. Closed die forging includes drop forging, press forging, and upset forging. Common forging operations like upsetting, drawing down, punching, bending, cutting, and welding are also summarized.
This document discusses various sheet metal processes including cutting, forming, bending, drawing, and stretching operations. Some key points:
1. Sheet metal work involves forming metal sheets 3-5mm thick into parts through cutting, forming, and joining processes.
2. Common forming operations include bending, drawing, stamping, spinning, and stretching. These are used to make parts like boxes, pipes, and covers.
3. Cutting operations separate metal through shearing, punching, blanking, and notching. Forming operations shape metal between dies and punches.
4. Bending forms angles in sheet metal through single, double, roll, and seam bending. Drawing forms cylindrical and box
This document describes improvements to heat exchanger tubes made of thin-walled aluminum or light alloy. It discusses two improved modes of manufacturing the tubes. The first involves forming a strip into a tube shape with the longitudinal edges turned inward and joined. The second involves forming a tube from two complementary strips with abutting longitudinal edges joined. Both methods involve coating the strips with brazing filler and brazing the joined edges.
This document describes improvements to heat exchanger tubes made of thin-walled aluminum or light alloy. It discusses two improved modes of manufacturing the tubes. The first involves forming a strip into a tube shape with the longitudinal edges turned inward and joined. The second involves forming a tube from two complementary strips with abutting longitudinal edges joined. Both methods involve coating the strips with brazing filler and brazing the joined edges.
This document describes improvements to heat exchanger tubes made of thin-walled aluminum or light alloy. It discusses two improved modes of manufacturing the tubes. The first involves forming a strip into a tube shape with the longitudinal edges turned inward and joined. The second involves forming a tube from two complementary strips with abutting longitudinal edges joined. Both methods involve coating the strips with brazing filler and brazing the joined edges.
This document describes improvements to heat exchanger tubes made of thin-walled aluminum or light alloy. It discusses two improved modes of manufacturing the tubes. The first involves forming a strip into a tube shape with the longitudinal edges turned inward and joined. The second involves forming a tube from two complementary strips with abutting longitudinal edges joined. Both methods involve coating the strips with brazing filler and brazing the joined edges.
This document provides details of a metal rectifier assembly, including:
- A block of insulating material with holes containing stacks of rectifier elements.
- A sheet of flexible insulating material folded to form panels contacting the block, with metallic connections interfacing the stacks.
- A sheet metal container pressing the insulating material into contact with the stacks.
- Improved embodiments provide a "circuit card" with tags connected to metallic connections to simplify assembly and reduce incorrect connections.
This patent document describes improvements to sealing glands for rotating machines using sintered metals. It discusses how sintered forms of metal like iron or nickel rub away more readily with less heat generation than cast or wrought metals when used in sealing glands between a rotating shaft and surrounding casing. The invention involves using sintered metal for one or both parts of a labyrinth gas gland that are liable to rub against each other.
This patent document describes improvements to sealing glands for rotating machines using sintered metals. It discusses how sintered forms of metal like iron or nickel rub away more readily with less heat generation than cast or wrought metals when used in sealing glands between a rotating shaft and surrounding casing. The invention involves using sintered metal segments in the gland to effect sealing with less risk of melting or heat distortion compared to conventional metals.
This patent document describes improvements to sealing glands for rotating machines using sintered metals. It discusses how sintered forms of metal like iron or nickel rub away more readily with less heat generation than cast or wrought metals when used in sealing glands between a rotating shaft and surrounding casing. The invention involves using sintered metal for one or both of the parts in a labyrinth gas gland that are liable to rub against each other.
This document summarizes a patent for improvements in the manufacture of metal tubes or metal sheaths of electric cables. It describes how metal tubes and cable sheaths are traditionally reduced in diameter through drawing or rolling processes. The invention provides an alternative method for reducing the diameter of tubes or sheaths using a series of collars of progressively smaller internal diameter that are pulled along the length of the tube/sheath.
This document describes a slip ring arrangement for electrically connecting testing equipment to rotating equipment like motors and generators. It involves applying a flexible tape with conductive strips and insulating layers onto the rotating shaft. This allows temporary thermistors or other sensors to be connected for measuring temperature or other variables during field service and testing, without requiring a custom-fitted slip ring assembly. The tape can be wrapped around shafts of varying sizes and the conductive strips form slip rings that brushes connect to, bringing sensor signals to measuring devices. This overcomes issues with conventional slip ring assemblies and allows faster, easier temporary testing of rotating equipment.
This document describes a patent for a method and composition for cleaning boiler tubes. It summarizes that boiler tubes become coated with scale deposits from combustion products, and prior methods for removing these deposits required taking the boiler out of operation. The patented invention involves dissolving borax in a liquid solvent, suspending zinc powder in the solution, and spraying the mixture into the boiler firebox flame. This maintains a uniform distribution and proportion of zinc and borax vapors to clean boiler tubes without taking the boiler out of service.
38 keith f. mello - 5888104 - paint penetrating ground clamp for painted ra...Mello_Patent_Registry
The document describes a paint penetrating ground clamp for electrically grounding painted raised floor pedestals. It consists of an upper clamp part, lower clamp part, and U-bolt. The upper clamp part has barbs or sharp edges formed by piercing into its pedestal contact surface at an acute angle. This creates projections that penetrate the pedestal's paint when the clamp is tightened, establishing electrical contact with the pedestal through the paint without requiring paint removal.
This document describes a high voltage tube socket with an improved means of mounting a corona ring. The tube socket has contact pin receptacles within recesses and solder lugs extending from one side. A corona ring is supported by a single leg portion mounted in a further recess. This allows the corona ring to be easily assembled to the socket with minimal operations to prevent arcing at high voltages.
This document summarizes a patent for recovering cooking liquor from spent soda pulping liquors. It describes how traditional soda pulping processes are expensive and wasteful due to the loss of sodium hydroxide in washings and stack gases. The invention provides a practical method for regenerating the soda with minimal loss, eliminating hazards and allowing recovery of soda cooking liquor from waste liquors containing it.
This document provides a detailed description of GB785658(A), a patent for an improved metal-faced gasket made of a compressible material like asbestos. The gasket aims to tightly seal irregular surfaces under high pressure and temperature. It consists of a compressible sheet sandwiched between two thin metal facings with many small perforations, allowing the material to conform to imperfect surfaces and peel off easily if stuck without tearing. Fasteners like flanges or grommets securely attach the parts in high-pressure areas without compromising compressibility.
This document describes patent GB786114 (A) for a split metal sleeve. It involves:
1) Providing a length of metallic tubing with an inner radius smaller than the object it will embrace.
2) Heat treating the tubing to make it resilient.
3) Flame-cutting the tubing into two segments with interlocking side edges that have a total arc length exceeding 180 degrees.
1) The document describes a split metal sleeve for protecting drill pipes during oil drilling.
2) The sleeve consists of two resilient metal segments that interlock at side edges to form a continuous circumference when installed on the drill pipe.
3) The segments are curved more than 180 degrees so they must be sprung over the pipe diameter, and their interlocking edges ensure a tight, secure fit that can withstand stresses during drilling.
This document discusses advances in tooling materials for friction stir welding (FSW). FSW has become a major joining process since its invention in 1991. New tool designs like the Whorl, MX-Triflute, and Flared-Triflute probes have improved weld quality. Variations in tooling like Skew-Stir and Re-Stir have increased the weld region. Stronger materials like molybdenum alloys and ODS alloys allow welding more difficult alloys but are more expensive. New tool designs and materials are improving FSW for applications like aerospace and shipbuilding.
The document summarizes a study that investigated brazing 304L stainless steel corner joints using a nickel-based filler metal. Specifically:
- Brazing was performed under vacuum using a nickel-based shim and wire on 304L stainless steel sheets of different thicknesses.
- Microstructural examination found differences in the diffusion depth of nickel in the sheets based on their thicknesses. Microhardness was also affected by nickel diffusion.
- The nickel-based filler metal provided reasonable strength for the brazed joints between the 304L sheets of different thicknesses, as well as sufficient diffusion and filling for vacuum applications.
1) The document describes a patent for an apparatus that allows spectrochemical and structural analysis of solids, liquids, and gases using X-rays.
2) It overcomes prior limitations by using a pressure stage stretch to bombard samples with electrons outside of a vacuum, strongly exciting characteristic radiation without destroying samples or requiring vacuum.
3) The pressure stage stretch allows the characteristic radiation excited in atmospheric pressure to be analyzed by a vacuum spectrometer without a foil window or putting the sample in a vacuum.
1) The document describes a patent for an apparatus that allows spectrochemical and structural analysis of solids, liquids, and gases using X-rays.
2) It overcomes prior limitations by using a pressure stage stretch to bombard samples with electrons outside of a vacuum, strongly exciting characteristic radiation without destroying samples or requiring vacuum.
3) The pressure stage stretch allows the characteristic radiation excited in atmospheric pressure to be analyzed by a vacuum spectrometer without a foil window or putting the sample fully under vacuum.
This document describes a 1957 patent for an improved galvanic copper plating method. It involves simultaneously spraying an aqueous copper sulfate solution containing phosphoric acid and an aqueous suspension of a metal dust, such as zinc, iron, cadmium, or nickel, onto a metal surface. The metal dust reacts with the copper sulfate to deposit a layer of metallic copper that is hardened as it forms, creating a more protective and durable copper coating than previous methods. The invention was meant to provide a simple, economical way to deposit hardened copper galvanically without special equipment.
This document describes an electrical connection apparatus for connecting a thin conductive layer on a printed circuit board to external contacts. It involves a first member with an insulating material and thin conductive layer having an aperture, and a second member with a resilient conductive lug that passes through the aperture to contact the conductive layer. The lug is inserted in a direction along its major axis so that its minor axis passes through the aperture and temporarily deforms it, allowing the lug to contact both sides of the aperture near the ends of the minor axis. This provides an improved connection to thin conductive layers, useful for applications like printed circuits and switches.
This document describes an electrical connection apparatus for connecting a thin conductive layer on a printed circuit board to external contacts. It involves a first member with an insulating material and thin conductive layer having an aperture, and a second member with a resilient conductive lug that passes through the aperture to contact the conductive layer. The lug is inserted in a direction along its major axis so that its minor axis passes through the aperture and temporarily deforms it, allowing the lug to contact both sides of the aperture near the ends of the minor axis. This provides an improved connection to thin conductive layers, useful for applications like printed circuits and switches.
This document describes a travelling wave tube comprising a ceramic envelope bonded to ceramic discs at each end, with a helix inside. It includes coaxial input/output feeders external to the envelope. Dielectric-loaded stripline impedance transformers couple each end of the helix to the respective feeder. The couplings are formed by a ground plane on the disc joined to the feeder outer conductor, and a radial conducting strip bonded to the disc inner face connected to the helix and feeder inner conductor.
This document describes a patent for a novel looped pile fabric and method of making it. The fabric is woven flat on a simple loom with heat-shrinkable yarns running in one direction and other yarns crossing perpendicularly. Soft lofty yarns are floated over the crossing yarns to form piles. When heat-treated, the shrinkable yarns contract and draw the pile yarns together to form dense upright loops on the surface. The opposite side can then be coated to anchor the piles. This allows inexpensive production of looped pile fabrics on simple looms.
This document is a patent application for improvements to domestic firegrates. It describes a firegrate with a chamber below the oven and a baffle located at the front of the chamber. The baffle extends upward from the firegrate to form a passage below the oven, drawing some combustion gases downward and upward through the chamber and passage to heat the oven. The baffle may include flanges to direct gases and support a firebrick facing the chamber. This design improves oven heating over previous domestic firegrates.
This document describes improvements to textile ring spinning machines. It discusses prior art machines and limitations around friction and speed. The invention aims to allow for higher speeds by reducing friction through various means, including driving the spinning ring with an electric motor and using magnetic bearings on the spindle. Diagrams are provided to illustrate the invention, showing the arrangement of motors, magnetic components, and other elements.
This document describes improvements to reflex klystrons. It discloses a reflex klystron design that avoids the formation of a virtual cathode in the reflector space by ensuring the ratio of the reflector surface area to the cathode surface area is more than twice the ratio of the length of the retarding path in front of the reflector to the length of the acceleration path in front of the cathode. The klystron is suitable for modulation purposes due to its relatively large bandwidth.
This document provides details on patent GB780046 (A) which relates to a process for preparing lubricating compounds of the formal type. Specifically, it involves first forming a mixture of Oxo alcohols via an Oxo synthesis reaction using a mixture of polymeric olefinic hydrocarbons containing mostly C12 to C18 olefins. This is then contacted with excess formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a residue with lubricating oil characteristics after removing more volatile components.
This document describes a patent filing from 1957 for an improved clamping device. The device comprises two bifurcated members that can be secured together in different relative positions using a connecting screw. One member has a strip or rail that prevents relative rotation when the two members are secured together. The arrangement allows a shelf or panel to be firmly supported in any of several selected positions relative to a support.
The document describes an improved can packing mechanism for textile drawing frames. The mechanism uses vertical cylinders attached to the base of the machine, each containing a slidable rod connected to a chain. The rod carries a head that packs sliver into cans. The chains are connected to wheels on a shaft that is oscillated back and forth, causing the rods and heads to move up and down in a tramping motion to pack the sliver. This mechanism eliminates extending levers and allows for close spacing of the cans. Diagrams show two embodiments using springs or weights to assist the up and down motion of the rods and heads.
This document describes a process for stabilizing textile materials against shrinkage during laundering by treating cellulosic materials with non-volatile acetals of monoaldehydes and dialdehydes containing up to eight carbon atoms, and heating the treated material in the presence of an acidic catalyst and curing at over 121°C. Specific examples are provided of treating fabrics like viscose with acetals then evaluating them for shrinkage after multiple washes. The treatment is said to impart shrink resistance with minimal discoloration and retention of strength and handle.
This document describes improvements to ion traps in cathode-ray tubes. Specifically, it describes a cathode-ray tube design where the axis of the tubular anode adjacent to the cathode is not coaxial with but intersects the common axis of preceding electrodes. This allows the ion trap to operate satisfactorily while avoiding disadvantages of prior designs that required the anode to have a coaxial part. The new design allows for a shorter overall electrode system length compared to prior bent anode designs.
This document describes a patent for improvements in the production of molds and cores. Specifically, it involves a process where a mixture of sand and gas-hardenable binder is blown into a mold or core box. A gaseous hardening agent is then applied to the mixture as it enters the mold box. This allows the molds and cores to be formed and hardened rapidly. The document provides detailed descriptions of the process and apparatus used, including the use of a venturi tube-shaped orifice in the blowing plate to control where the hardening agent is introduced.
This document describes a preparation and process for permanently changing the shape of hair, such as imparting a permanent wave, using a reducing solution containing a mercaptan (such as thioglycollic acid), a sulphite, and formamide or a substituted formamide (such as urea). Applying the solution to hair wrapped in curlers and heating it to 40-60°C (tepid waving) allows the concentration of mercaptan to be substantially reduced compared to conventional preparations while still effectively changing the hair shape. The preparation pH is preferably 9-10 and concentrations of ingredients like mercaptan, sulphite and formamide or substitute are provided.
This document describes an apparatus for measuring high rotational speeds ranging from 2500 to 30000 RPM. The apparatus uses a cathode ray oscilloscope connected to an electromagnetic impulse generator attached to the rotating member. This causes the spot on the oscilloscope to move in a circular pattern proportional to the rotational speed. Timing circuits switch the spot on to create a short spiral trace indicating the broad speed range, then off. After a delay, the spot is switched on briefly to create a dot, indicating the precise speed within the range.
This document is a patent application from 1957 relating to locker and cupboard door fastenings. It describes a three-point locking mechanism that locks the door at the top, bottom, and side for increased security. The mechanism includes a lever that projects from the side of the door and upper and lower bolt members connected to the lever that project from the top and bottom when the lever is engaged. One of the bolt members has an abutment that can be locked in place by a lock to secure all three points.
This document describes a lubricant composition for aviation gas turbine engines. The composition includes a blend of dinonyl sebacate and di-2-ethyl hexyl sebacate as the major components. It also includes a complex ester in the amount of 10-30% by volume to increase viscosity and improve high temperature performance. Additionally, it contains an oxygen-containing polymer such as polyacrylate in the amount of 20% by weight to further improve properties.
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1. * GB780012 (A)
Description: GB780012 (A) ? 1957-07-31
Improvements in or relating to the formation of hermetic seals between
metallic parts
Description of GB780012 (A)
PATENT SPECIFICATION
Inventor: KARL HEINZ KREUCHEN 780,0 12 Date of filing Complete
Specification June 20, 1955.
Application Date July 7, 1954.
No. 19832/54.
Complete Specification Published July 31, 1957.
Index at acceptance:-Ciasses 39(1), D(9C: 9F: 46A); and 83(4), Q(2A13:
4), R14A, S(3:
4).
International Classification -B23d, k. H01j.
- COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to the Formation of Hermetic Seals between
Metallic Parts We, ELECTRIC & MUSICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED, a British
Company, of Blyth Road, Hayes, Middlesex, do hereby declare the
invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and
the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement: -
This invention relates to the formation of hermetic seals between
metallic parts.
For many purposes such as in the electronic art it is desirable to
provide an hermetic seal between two metallic parts. For example, in
the manufacture of certain types of thermionic valves it is sometimes
desirable to make the I5 valve envelope in two parts, each composed of
a glass portion sealed to a metallic portion and then subsequently to
provide an hermetic seal between the two metallic portions so as to
complete the assembly of the envelope of the device.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an improved
hermetic seal between metallic parts.
According to one feature of the invention there is provided an article
2. having an hermetic seal joining metallic surfaces thereof, said seal
being composed of indium diffused into each of said surfaces.
Heretofore the provision of hermetic seals between metallic parts has
usually involved raising the metal parts to a high temperature and in
some cases this is undesirable since it may be required to prevent any
oxidation of the parts which oxidation frequently occurs when the seal
is effected by intense heat. With indium substantially no oxidation
occurs when heated to relatively high temperatures.
It is known that metals can be cold-welded together and in particular
it is known to provide a cold-weld between copper parts. However, in
order to provide a reliable and hermetic cold welded seal between
copper parts, it is necessary to effect deformation of the metal to
the order of 80% or more. For certain appliLtX cations, deformation of
copper parts to such an 45 extent is undesirable.
It is therefore a further object of the present invention to provide
an improved method of forming an hermetic seal between metallic parts
which does not involve the application of 50 heat which is likely to
cause oxidation of said parts.
According to a second feature of the present invention, there is
provided a method of joining metallic surfaces in an hermetic manner
55 comprising arranging indium between the surfaces and applying
pressure thereto so as to cause said indium to diffuse into each of
said metal surfaces and to form an hermetic seal between said
surfaces. 60 It has been found that indium cold-welds easily to other
metals and diffuses at room temperature readily into such other metals
forming a firm and vacuum tight bond. Such a bond does not, however,
provide a mechanically 65 strong joint and in cases where such a joint
is required it is preferred to form the surfaces between which the
seal is required in such a manner that during the pressing operation
the parts inter-engage with one another so as to 70 provide the
required strength for the seal. The surfaces between which the seal is
required are preferably made of copper, although other materials such
as aluminium may in some cases be employed, although aluminium is not
particularly suitable for use in electronic discharge devices.
In order that the said invention may be clearly understood and readily
carried into effect, it will now be described with reference 8g to the
accompanying drawings, in which:Figure 1 illustrates the application
of the invention to the formation of an hermetic seal between the two
portions of an envelope of an electron discharge device. 85 Figure 2
is a view showing the seal after formation, and Figure 3 illustrates
the application of the 780,012 invention to the sealing of parts in an
electron discharge device employing cavity resonators.
As shown in Figure 1 of the drawings, an envelope for an electron
discharge device comprises a glass portion 1 and another glass portion
3. la, the ends of which are hermetically sealed to sleeves 2 and 3
respectively each formed of a metal which seals well to the glass 1,
la, for example an alloy metal known under the Registered Trade Mark
Kovar and these sleeves 2, 3 in turn secured to copper rings 4 and 5.
If desired further small sleeves made of nickel may be interposed
between the sleeves 2, 3 and the rings 4, 5 in order to prevent
intergranular penetrations of the Kovar metal by the solder employed
to join the sleeve 2 to the ring 4 or the sleeve 3 to the ring 5. The
ring 4 is provided with a flange 6 and the ring with a flange 7 having
an upstanding rim 8 which when the two flanges are in facing contact
with one another projects above the surface of the flange 6. An
annular groove is provided in the flange 7 to accommodate a thin wire
ring 9 of indium, the groove being so disposed that the indium ring 9
contacts with -the lower surface of the flange 6. An annular groove 10
is also provided in the lower face of the flange 7.
The copper rings 4 and 5 are annealed to ensure that the copper is as
ductile as possible and the parts of the envelope are assembled
together in the manner shown in Figure 1 and are inserted in a press
comprising a lower tool 11 upon which the flange 7 is seated and a
tool 12 provided with a concave lower edge 13.
Pressure is applied to the tool 12 so that the concave edge 13 of the
tool deforms the rim 8 in the manner shown in Figure 2 and the flange
6 so that the volume of the groove containing the indium ring 9 is
appreciably reduced and the indium is forced to flow along the faces
of the two flanges wetting the copper and diffusing into the copper at
the same time to form a cold weld. Thus, the indium serves to provide
an hermetic seal, whilst the swaging of the rim 8, as indicated in
Figure 2, serves to clamp the surfaces together and provide for the
mechanical strength required for the seal. The annular groove 10
serves to accomodate for the deformation of the metal during the
pressing operation without changing the internal diameter of the ring
5.
The use of a separate ring of indium in the manner shown in Figure 1
is preferred although an insert comprising a thin strip may be
employed or one or both surfaces between which the seal is required to
be made may be plated with a layer of indium. Although the invention
has been illustrated in Figure 1 and 2 as applied to the joining of
the two portions of an envelope of an electron discharge device, it
will be appreciated that the invention can be readily applied to the
formation of hermetic seals between other parts. One example of a
further application of the invention is shown in Figure 3 as applied
to a device employing cavity resonators, the resonators being
indicated at 14 and 15 respectively, each of the resonators being
tuned by means of tuning plungers 16 and 17. The tuning plungers are
4. arranged within sleeves 18 and 19, and are supported thereby via metal
bellows 20, 21 connected to the adjusting means 22, 23 for the
plungers 16, 17. The sleeves 18 and 19 are composed of copper and are
provided with outwardly extending flanges 24 which co-operate 75 with
flange 25 formed on copper sleeves 26 secured to the wall 27 of the
resonators 14, 15.
The flange 25 is provided with rim 28 and the sleeves 18, 19 and 26
are cold-welded together by the use of an indium ring as described
with 50 reference to Figures 1 and 2.
After formation of hermetic seals in electron discharge devices it is
often desired to bake such devices to comparatively high temperature
and it is found that an hermetic seal 95 formed between two copper
parts in accordance with the invention can be baked up to 600 C.
without deterioration of the seal. It may be mentioned, of course,
that with the baking of such a seal the bond between the copper 90 and
the indium will be strengthened since an additional alloy of indium
and copper is then formed.
Although the invention has been described as applied to electron
discharge devices it will, 95 of course, be appreciated that the
invention can be applied to any device where an hermetic seal is
required to be formed without the use of heat and where excessive
deformation of the parts to be sealed is undesirable. 100
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