Learning English with Fun Activities for Kids

Êèїâ
«Ãåíåçà»
2014
Ïіäðó÷íèê äëÿ 6 êëàñó
çàãàëüíîîñâіòíіõ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàäіâ
Ðåêîìåíäîâàíî
Ìіíіñòåðñòâîì îñâіòè і íàóêè Óêðàїíè
(6-é ðіê íàâ÷àííÿ)
Nesvit_AM_P_6.uk_(013-14)_R.indd 1 01.09.2014 12:21:59

ÓÄÊ 811.11(075.3)
ÁÁÊ 81.2Àíãë-922
Í55
© Àëëà Íåñâіò, 2014
© Âèäàâíèöòâî «Ãåíåçà»,
îðèãіíàë-ìàêåò, 2014ІSBN 978-966-11-0424-1
Íàóêîâó åêñïåðòèçó ïðîâîäèâ Öåíòð íàóêîâèõ äîñëіäæåíü
òà âèêëàäàííÿ іíîçåìíèõ ìîâ ÍÀÍ Óêðàїíè.
Åêñïåðò Іëü÷åíêî Î.Ì., äîêòîð ôіëîëîãі÷íèõ íàóê, ïðîôåñîð,
çàñòóïíèê äèðåêòîðà ç íàóêîâîї ðîáîòè.
Ïñèõîëîãî-ïåäàãîãі÷íó åêñïåðòèçó ïðîâîäèâ Іíñòèòóò ïåäàãîãіêè
ÍÀÏÍ Óêðàїíè.
Åêñïåðò Àëєêñєєíêî І.Â., ìîëîäøèé íàóêîâèé ñïіâðîáіòíèê
ëàáîðàòîðії íàâ÷àííÿ іíîçåìíèõ ìîâ.
Íåçàëåæíі åêñïåðòè:
Ìàðê Ôîðõåíä, çàâó÷ Ìîâíîї øêîëè «Ìіæíàðîäíèé Äіì», ì. Êèїâ
Âіäïîâіäàëüíі çà ïіäãîòîâêó ïіäðó÷íèêà:
Êîâàëåíêî Î.ß., ãîëîâíèé ñïåöіàëіñò äåïàðòàìåíòó çàãàëüíîї ñåðåäíüîї
òà äîøêіëüíîї îñâіòè ÌÎÍ Óêðàїíè;
Øîïóëêî Ì.Í., ìåòîäèñò âèùîї êàòåãîðії âіääіëó íàóêîâî-ìåòîäè÷íîãî
çàáåçïå÷åííÿ çìіñòó îñâіòè îñíîâíîї і ñòàðøîї øêîëè
Іíñòèòóòó іííîâàöіéíèõ òåõíîëîãіé і çìіñòó îñâіòè ÌÎÍ Óêðàїíè.
Í55
Íåñâіò À. Ì.
Àíãëіéñüêà ìîâà (6-é ðіê íàâ÷.): ïіäðó÷. äëÿ 6 êë.
çàãàëüíîîñâіò. íàâ÷. çàêë. / À.Ì. Íåñâіò. – Êèїâ: Ãåíå-
çà, 2014. – 224 ñ.
ІSBN 978-966-11-0424-1.
Ïіäðó÷íèê «ÀÍÃËІÉÑÜÊÀ ÌÎÂÀ» ñòâîðåíèé âіäïîâіä-
íî äî íîâîї ïðîãðàìè ç іíîçåìíèõ ìîâ (2012 ð.) і ðåêîìåí-
äîâàíèé äëÿ îâîëîäіííÿ àíãëіéñüêîþ ìîâîþ â 6-ìó êëàñі
çàãàëüíîîñâіòíіõ íàâ÷àëüíèõ çàêëàäіâ (øîñòèé ðіê íàâ÷àí-
íÿ). Âіí є ñêëàäîâîþ íàâ÷àëüíî-ìåòîäè÷íîãî êîìïëåêòó і
ïðîäîâæóє ñåðіþ ÍÌÊ àâòîðà À.Ì. Íåñâіò.
Ïіäðó÷íèê ïîáóäîâàíî íà ïðèíöèïàõ êîìóíіêàòèâíîñòі,
іíòåãðîâàíîãî ðîçâèòêó ÷îòèðüîõ âèäіâ ìîâëåííєâîї äіÿëü-
íîñòі: àóäіþâàííÿ, ãîâîðіííÿ, ÷èòàííÿ і ïèñüìà. Ó íüîìó
äîòðèìàíî çàãàëüíîäèäàêòè÷íі ïðèíöèïè ïîñèëüíîñòі, ëî-
ãі÷íîñòі, äîñòóïíîñòі, àêòèâíîñòі òà íàî÷íîñòі ó íàâ÷àííі.
ÓÄÊ 811.11(075.3)
ÁÁÊ 81.2Àíãë-922
Ðåêîìåíäîâàíî Ìіíіñòåðñòâîì îñâіòè і íàóêè Óêðàїíè
(Íàêàç ÌÎÍ Óêðàїíè âіä 07.02.2014 123)
Âèäàíî çà ðàõóíîê äåðæàâíèõ êîøòіâ. Ïðîäàæ çàáîðîíåíî
Nesvit_AM_P_6.uk_(013-14)_R.indd 2 01.09.2014 12:21:59

3
Ëþáі äіòè!
Ãó÷íèé øêіëüíèé äçâіíîê óæå ïîêëèêàâ âàñ
çà ïàðòè, à â ïàì’ÿòі ùå çáåðіãàþòüñÿ ñïîâíåíі
ðàäîùіâ äíі ëіòíіõ êàíіêóë, íîâі äðóçі,
äèâîâèæíі âіäêðèòòÿ òà öіêàâі ìіñöÿ, ïðî ÿêі
ðîçïîâіäàþòü ôîòîãðàôії, ñóâåíіðè é ëèñòіâêè.
Ó öüîìó íàâ÷àëüíîìó ðîöі, ïðàöþþ÷è ç
íàâ÷àëüíèì ìàòåðіàëîì ðîçäіëó 1, âè íàâ÷èòåñÿ
îïèñóâàòè çîâíіøíіñòü ñâîїõ ðіäíèõ òà ðîçïîâіäàòè
ïðî їõíі ðèñè õàðàêòåðó. Òàòî é ìàìà, áðàòè é
ñåñòðè, áàáóñі òà äіäóñі – öå íàéðіäíіøі ëþäè, äî ÿêèõ âè çàâæäè
ìîæåòå ïðèéòè çі ñâîїìè ïåðåìîãàìè òà ïîðàçêàìè, ÿêèì çàâæäè
ìîæåòå âіäêðèòè ñâîї ùèðі äóøі.
Òàêîæ âè äіçíàєòåñÿ ïðî ðіçíі âèäè ìàãàçèíіâ, òîâàðè, ÿêі â íèõ
ïðîäàþòüñÿ, òà íàâ÷èòåñÿ ñïіëêóâàòèñÿ ïіä ÷àñ âіäâіäóâàííÿ
ìàãàçèíіâ (ðîçäіë 2). Âèâ÷àþ÷è ðîçäіë 3, âè íàâ÷èòåñÿ ðîçïîâіäàòè
ïðî îñîáëèâîñòі õàð÷óâàííÿ ó âàøіé ðîäèíі, ïðî ñâîї óëþáëåíі
ðåöåïòè äîìàøíіõ ñòðàâ.
Ñïîðò çàãàðòîâóє îðãàíіçì і õàðàêòåð, äîäàє âïåâíåíîñòі ó ñâîїõ
ñèëàõ. Ïðî ëіòíі òà çèìîâі âèäè ñïîðòó, íåîáõіäíіñòü òðåíóâàíü,
ñïîðòèâíі çàõîïëåííÿ âàøèõ ðîâåñíèêіâ âè ïðî÷èòàєòå â ðîçäіëі 4.
Æèòòÿ öіêàâå, òîìó ùî ìîæíà ïîäîðîæóâàòè òà ïіçíàâàòè íîâå.
Ïðî ðіçíі âèäè ïîäîðîæåé, ïðî ïіäãîòîâêó äî âіäâіäóâàííÿ іíøîãî
ìіñòà ÷è êðàїíè âè äіçíàєòåñÿ â ðîçäіëі 5.
Іç öüîãî ïіäðó÷íèêà âè îòðèìàєòå іíôîðìàöіþ ïðî ñòîëèöþ
Âåëèêîї Áðèòàíії, ìіñòî Ëîíäîí, ïðî її âèçíà÷íі ìіñöÿ òà êóëüòóðíі
ïàì’ÿòêè (ðîçäіë 6). À òàêîæ âè íàâ÷èòåñÿ ðîçïîâіäàòè ïðî ñòîëèöþ
Óêðàїíè – ìіñòî Êèїâ òà âèçíà÷íі ìіñöÿ, ÿêі é äîíèíі çáåðіãàþòü
ïàì’ÿòü ïðî æèòòÿ ó äàâíèíó òà âіäîìîñòі ïðî êóëüòóðíó ñïàäùèíó
óêðàїíöіâ (ðîçäіë 7).
Çâè÷àéíî, âàøі áóäíі – öå øêіëüíå æèòòÿ, ñïіëêóâàííÿ ç ó÷èòå-
ëÿìè òà ðîâåñíèêàìè, ìîæëèâіñòü ïіçíàâàòè íîâå íà êîæíîìó
óðîöі. Ðîçäіë 8 ñòàíå ïіäñóìêîâîþ ñõîäèíêîþ â îïðàöþâàííі ïðî-
ãðàìè äëÿ 6 êëàñó. Âè íàâ÷èòåñÿ ðîçïîâіäàòè ïðî âàøі óëþáëåíі
øêіëüíі ïðåäìåòè. Ó ïіäðó÷íèêó òàêîæ ïîäàíî ãðàìàòè÷íèé äîâіä-
íèê òà àíãëî-óêðàїíñüêèé ñëîâíèê.
Áàæàєìî, ùîá êîæåí óðîê çà íàøèì ïіäðó÷íèêîì äîäàâàâ âàì
óïåâíåíîñòі ó ñâîїõ ñèëàõ òà äîïîìàãàâ âіä÷óòè ðàäіñòü ñïіëêóâàííÿ
àíãëіéñüêîþ ìîâîþ.
Ç ïîâàãîþ,
Àëëà Íåñâіò
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8

14
Mrs and Mr Johnson
Mary Sue
Alice Tom
John
Mrs and Mr Tyler Mr and Mrs Johnson
Mrs and Mr Marks
Mr and Mrs Gilbert
Mrs and Mr Gilbert
Grammar Lab
Read and compare.
Old – older (ñòàðøèé çà âіêîì) – the oldest (íàéñòàðøèé çà âіêîì)
Old – elder (ñòàðøèé çà íàðîäæåííÿì ó ðîäèíі) – the eldest (íàé-
ñòàðøèé ó ðîäèíі)
1. Mary is two years older than
Jim. / Mary is older than
Jim by two years.
2. My granddad is the oldest
member of the family.
1. There are three children in
our family. My elder brother
is Tom. My elder sister is
Kate. Steve is the eldest
child.
My elder sister is three years older than me. Maria is the eldest
daughter. (Âîíà ðàíіøå âñіõ íàðîäèëàñÿ.) Helen is the oldest child.
(Їé íàéáіëüøå ðîêіâ.)

27
Self-assessment
Think of your records. Decide how well you know it:
4 = very well, 3 = OK, 2 = a little, 1 = needs to improve
Skills Now I can... 4 3 2 1
• give a simple description or presentation
of people
• describe people’s appearance and charac-
ter
• talk about people’s likes and dislikes
• ask for / present information about my
friend’s family
• catch the main point in clear simple mes-
sages
• understand and extract the essential
information from short, recorded pas-
sages dealing with personal information
• identify specific information in short sto-
ries about family and friends
• write a short story about my relatives

28

54

67
A Day with Grandpa
By Mildred Pitts Walter
A At noon Justin and his grandpa came up to a small shed1.
B “We’ll have our lunch here,” Grandpa said. He took black iron
pots2, some plates, knives, spoons and a table from the shed.
They were going to cook outside.
C First, they collected wood, sticks and dry grass. Soon they had
a hot fire. Grandpa carefully washed his hands. After that he
began to cook their lunch.
D Justin watched how his Grandpa cooked. First he put raisins3
into a pot with a little water and placed them over the fire.
Then he put flour in a pan. After that he made a hole right in
the middle of the flour. In that hole Grandpa put some
shortening4. Then he added water. He mixed the flour, water
and shortening.
E Soon Grandpa started to cook the biscuits. In a few minutes the
smell was so delicious that Justin could hardly wait.
________________________
1 A shed – óêðèòòÿ.
2 An iron pot – ìåòàëåâèé ãîðùèê.
3 Raisins – ðîäçèíêè.
4 Shortening – ñóìіø äëÿ âèïі÷êè.

75
Self-assessment
• explain what food and drinks I like/dis-
like
• describe my everyday eating habits
• get simple information about meals and
favourite dishes
• interact in structured situations
• understand simple routine exchanges in
predictable everyday situations
• understand simple instructions related to
food and meals
• understand short, simple texts related to
the topic
• identify specific information in simple
written material such as letters
• write a letter to a friend about my typical
meals during the day

76

94

117
places we would like to visit.
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderful time together.
Self-assessment
• describe my travelling experience
• get simple information about travel, use
of public transport, travel documents
• ask for and give some pieces of advice
• buy tickets and prepare for a trip
• catch the main point in short, clear,
simple messages
• understand enough to keep conversation
going
• understand phrases and expressions rela-
ted to travelling and transport
• identify specific information found on
the Internet
• write a short story for a school maga-
zine

118

126
E x ample:
On Monday he is going to take pictures in Trafalgar Square.
MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY
Trafalgar Square The Houses of
Parliament
Westminster Abbey
THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
The Globe Theatre St. Paul’s Cathedral The Tower of London

136

158

164
2. Work in pairs. Look at the pictures. Ask and answer the questions about
the pupils’ favourite school subjects.
E x ample.
1. (Carol)
A: What subjects does Carol like?
B: She likes English. She really likes P.E.
A: Does she like Maths?
B: No, she doesn’t. She is not good at doing the sums.
2. (Peter)
A: What .....?
B: He ..... Geography, but he ..... Spanish.
A: Does .....?
B: Yes, ..... ..... . He ..... Science, too.
3. (Mandy)
A: What .....?
B: She ..... Drama and she ..... Music.
A: Does .....?
B: ..... , she ..... . History is ..... .

181
GRAMMAR REFERENCE
ÃÐÀÌÀÒÈ×ÍÈÉ ÄÎÂІÄÍÈÊ
THE ARTICLE
Àðòèêëü
Àðòèêëü – öå ñëóæáîâà ÷àñòèíà ìîâè, ÿêà âæèâàєòüñÿ ïåðåä іìåí-
íèêîì. Â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі є äâà àðòèêëі – íåîçíà÷åíèé (a/an) òà îçíà-
÷åíèé (the).
Íåîçíà÷åíèé àðòèêëü (a/an) ïîõîäèòü âіä ÷èñëіâíèêà one і òîìó
âæèâàєòüñÿ òіëüêè â îäíèíі çі çëі÷óâàíèìè іìåííèêàìè (countable
nouns).
Çëі÷óâàíі іìåííèêè – öå іìåííèêè, ÿêі ìàþòü ôîðìó îäíèíè òà
ìíîæèíè, òîáòî їõ ìîæíà ïîðàõóâàòè.
Íàïðèêëàä: a book, a pen, an egg, an orange.
Ç íåçëі÷óâàíèìè іìåííèêàìè (uncountable nouns) íåîçíà÷åíèé
àðòèêëü íå âæèâàєòüñÿ. Íåçëі÷óâàíі іìåííèêè òðåáà çàïàì’ÿòàòè:
sugar, milk, water, advice, information, luggage, traffic, work, music,
rain, weather, spaghetti, news, etc.
Ç íåçëі÷óâàíèìè іìåííèêàìè âèêîðèñòîâóþòüñÿ äієñëîâà â îäíèíі;
îçíà÷åíèé àðòèêëü the òà ñëîâà some, any, much, no.
Íàïðèêëàä:
Look! Here’s the luggage.
I’d like some milk.
Is there any juice?
Ó ìíîæèíі íåîçíà÷åíèé àðòèêëü òàêîæ âіäñóòíіé (íóëüîâèé
àðòèêëü):
There is a book on the desk. There are books on the desk.
Àðòèêëü a âæèâàєòüñÿ ïåðåä іìåííèêàìè, ÿêі ïî÷èíàþòüñÿ ç ãîëîñ-
íèõ çâóêіâ (vowels): a, e, i, o, u.
Àðòèêëü an âæèâàєòüñÿ ïåðåä іìåííèêàìè, ÿêі ïî÷èíàþòüñÿ ç ïðè-
ãîëîñíèõ çâóêіâ (consonants): b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v,
w, x, y, z.
Íàïðèêëàä: a cat, a desk, an apple, an umbrella.
Âèíÿòêè:
a uniform
a useful book
an hour

182
Çàçâè÷àé àðòèêëü ñòàâèòüñÿ ïåðåä іìåííèêàìè, àëå ÿêùî іìåííèê
ìàє îäíå àáî êіëüêà îçíà÷åíü, òî àðòèêëü ñòàâèòüñÿ ïåðåä íèìè:
a day, a windy day, a very windy day.
Íåîçíà÷åíèé àðòèêëü ïîêàçóє, ùî ïåâíèé ïðåäìåò íàëåæèòü äî
ãðóïè îäíîðіäíèõ ïðåäìåòіâ, àëå íå âèäіëÿє éîãî:
Give me a pen, please. – Äàé ìåíі ðó÷êó, áóäü ëàñêa.
(Ó öüîìó ðå÷åííі àðòèêëü îçíà÷àє, ùî òîãî, õòî ïðîñèòü, âëàøòîâóє
áóäü-ÿêèé îëіâåöü, à íå ÿêèéñü êîíêðåòíî).
Îçíà÷åíèé àðòèêëü the ïîõîäèòü âіä âêàçіâíîãî çàéìåííèêà this
(that). Âіí ïîêàçóє, ùî ïåâíèé ïðåäìåò ÿêèìîñü ÷èíîì âèäіëÿєòüñÿ ç
ãðóïè îäíîðіäíèõ:
Give me the pen, please. – Äàé ìåíі, áóäü ëàñêà, ðó÷êó.
(Ó öüîìó ðå÷åííі ïðîñÿòü ÿêóñü ïåâíó ðó÷êó: òó, ùî â ðóêàõ ó
ñïіâðîçìîâíèêà; òó, ùî çíàõîäèòüñÿ íà ñòîëі òîùî).
Ó òàêîìó âèïàäêó àðòèêëü ìîæíà çàìіíèòè âêàçіâíèì çàéìåííèêîì
this àáî that.
Öå çàãàëüíîïðèéíÿòі ïðàâèëà âæèâàííÿ àðòèêëÿ, àëå іñíóє ùå
áàãàòî ñïåöіàëüíèõ ïðàâèë, ç ÿêèìè âè îçíàéîìèòåñÿ íèæ÷å.
1. Íåîçíà÷åíèé àðòèêëü a/an âæèâàєòüñÿ, êîëè âïåðøå çãàäóєòüñÿ
ïðî ÿêèéñü ïðåäìåò. ßêùî æ ïîâіäîìëÿєòüñÿ ïðî öåé ïðåäìåò çíîâó,
òî âæèâàєìî îçíà÷åíèé àðòèêëü the. Íàïðèêëàä:
Look! There is a cat in my room. The cat is brown and white.
2. Îçíà÷eíèé àðòèêëü âæèâàєòüñÿ ç íàçâàìè ìóçè÷íèõ іíñòðóìåíòіâ:
I play the piano. She plays the guitar.
3. ßêùî ïîâіäîìëÿєòüñÿ ïðî çàíÿòòÿ ñïîðòîì, âæèâàííÿ їæі, íàçâè
êðàїí ÷è ïðåäìåòè, ÿêі âèâ÷àєìî â øêîëі, òî àðòèêëі íå âæèâàþòüñÿ.
Íàïðèêëàä:
I play tennis.
I listen to the news at breakfast.
I have never been to Italy.
I like English.
4. Àðòèêëü òàêîæ íå âæèâà òüñÿ:
à) ïåðåä ïðіçâèùàìè, іìåíàìè ëþäåé, êëè÷êàìè òâàðèí і ïòàõіâ:
Stepanenko, Ivan, Nina, Druzhok, Murka.

183
Ï ð è ì і ò ê à. ßêùî ïåðåä ïðіçâèùåì ó ìíîæèíі âæèâàєòüñÿ
îçíà÷åíèé àðòèêëü, öå îçíà÷àє, ùî éäåòüñÿ ïðî âñіõ ÷ëåíіâ ñіì’ї:
the Kovalenkos – Êîâàëåíêè;
á) ïåðåä íàçâàìè êîíòèíåíòіâ, êðàїí, ìіñò, ñіë: Europe, Ukraine,
Poland, Kyiv, Vesele.
Âèíÿòêè:
the Crimea, the Netherlands, the Philippines, the Ñaucasus.
â) ÿêùî ïåðåä іìåííèêîì ñòîїòü ïðèñâіéíèé, âêàçіâíèé, ïèòàëüíèé
çàéìåííèê àáî íåîçíà÷åíèé çàéìåííèê some, any, no, each, every: my
sister, this book, that street, some students, no pens, each pupil, every day.
5. Ç îçíà÷åíèì àðòèêëåì the âæèâàþòüñÿ:
à) íàçâè êðàїí, ùî ñêëàäàþòüñÿ іç çàãàëüíîãî іìåííèêà ç îäíèì àáî
êіëüêîìà îçíà÷åííÿìè ïåðåä íèì;
the United States of America, the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland;
á) íàçâè ìîðіâ, îêåàíіâ, ðі÷îê, çàòîê, ïðîòîê, êàíàëіâ і ãіðñüêèõ
õðåáòіâ: the Atlantic Ocean, the Black Sea, the Dnipro River, the Desna
River, the Alps.
Îçíà÷åíèé àðòèêëü the âæèâàєòüñÿ ç іìåííèêàìè ÿê â îäíèíі, òàê
і â ìíîæèíі.
THE NOUN
Іìåííèê
Іìåííèêè â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі, ÿê і â óêðàїíñüêіé, âæèâàþòüñÿ â
îäíèíі і ìíîæèíі. Â óêðàїíñüêіé ìîâі іìåííèê – çìіííà ÷àñòèíà ìîâè,
íàòîìіñòü â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі іìåííèêè íå çìіíþþòüñÿ (íå ìàþòü
âіäìіíêîâèõ çàêіí÷åíü).
Іìåííèêè â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ïîäіëÿþòüñÿ íà çëі÷óâàíі (òі, ÿêі
ìîæíà ïîðàõóâàòè) òà íåçëі÷óâàíі (òі, ÿêі íå ìîæíà ïîðàõóâàòè).
Çëі÷óâàíі іìåííèêè ìàþòü ôîðìè îäíèíè òà ìíîæèíè, à íåçëі÷óâàíі
ëèøå ôîðìó îäíèíè.
Íàïðèêëàä:
– çëі÷óâàíі: a book – books, a paper – papers;
– íåçëі÷óâàíі: water, advice, juice, etc.
Äî ãðóïè íåçëі÷óâàíèõ іìåííèêіâ íàëåæàòü іìåííèêè, ùî
ïîçíà÷àþòü:

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– ðіäèíè, òâåðäі ðå÷îâèíè, ãàçè òîùî: bread, butter, air, corn, flour,
etc;
– øêіëüíі ïðåäìåòè, íàóêè: Literature, Maths, History, etc;
– ìîâè: English, French, Spanish, Ukrainian, etc;
– íàçâè âèäіâ ñïîðòó: baseball, golf, football, cycling, billiards, etc;
– íàçâè ïðèðîäíèõ ÿâèù: fog, snow, sunlight, shade, etc;
– çáіðíі іìåííèêè: luggage, jewellery, money, rubbish, furniture, sta-
tionery, etc.
Ïðèìіòêà: à) Ñëîâà, ùî ïîçíà÷àþòü íàçâè íàïîїâ, ìîæóòü âæèâà-
òèñÿ і ó çíà÷åííі çëі÷óâàíèõ іìåííèêіâ. Ïîðіâíÿéòå:
Would you like a coffee? (= a cup of coffee)
Two sodas, please. (= two cups of soda)
Çíà÷íà êіëüêіñòü íåçëі÷óâàíèõ іìåííèêіâ, ìîæå ñòàòè çëі÷óâàíèìè
â ñëîâîñïîëó÷åííÿõ çі ñëîâàìè a piece of, a box of, a cup of, a bag of,
a game of òà іí.
Íàïðèêëàä: a piece of advice, a loaf of bread, a glass of milk, a bottle
of water, a kilo of meat, a bar of chocolate, a bag of flour, a pair of
trousers, etc.
Ôîðìà ìíîæèíè іìåííèêіâ óòâîðþєòüñÿ äîäàâàííÿì äî ôîðìè
îäíèíè çàêіí÷åííÿ -s, ÿêå ïіñëÿ äçâіíêèõ ïðèãîëîñíèõ і ãîëîñíèõ
âèìîâëÿєòüñÿ ÿê çâóê /z/, à ïіñëÿ ãëóõèõ ïðèãîëîñíèõ – ÿê /s/.
Íàïðèêëàä:
a pen – five pens /z/
a book – two books /s/
Іìåííèêè, ùî çàêіí÷óþòüñÿ íà -s, -ss, -x, -sh, -ch, ó ìíîæèíі ìàþòü
çàêіí÷åííÿ -es, ÿêå âèìîâëÿєòüñÿ ÿê /iz/:
a watch – seven watches /iz/
ßêùî іìåííèê â îäíèíі çàêіí÷óєòüñÿ íà -ó ç ïîïåðåäíüîþ
ïðèãîëîñíîþ, ó ìíîæèíі äîäàєòüñÿ çàêіí÷åííÿ -es; ïðè öüîìó ó
çìіíþєòüñÿ íà i:
a story – three stories
Ó äåÿêèõ іìåííèêіâ, ùî â îäíèíі çàêіí÷óþòüñÿ íà -f àáî -fe, ó
ìíîæèíі f çìіíþєòüñÿ íà v і äîäàєòüñÿ çàêіí÷åííÿ -(e)s.
a leaf – many leaves
a knife – seven knives

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Âèíÿòêè: a roof – roofs, a belief – beliefs.
Ôîðìà ìíîæèíè äåÿêèõ іìåííèêіâ óòâîðþєòüñÿ íå çà ïðàâèëàìè.
Öі іìåííèêè íåîáõіäíî çàïàì’ÿòàòè:
a man – men
a woman – women
a person – people
a child – children
a foot – feet
a tooth – teeth
a mouse – mice
Â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі іìåííèê ìàє äâà âіäìіíêè: ç à ã à ë ü í è é (the
Common Case) і ï ð è ñ â і é í è é (the Possessive Case).
(Note: We don’t use these terms when teaching English in English.)
Çàãàëüíèé âіäìіíîê íå ìàє ñïåöіàëüíèõ âіäìіíêîâèõ çàêіí÷åíü.
Çâ’ÿçîê іìåííèêà ó çàãàëüíîìó âіäìіíêó ç іíøèìè ñëîâàìè â ðå÷åííі
âèðàæàєòüñÿ ïðèéìåííèêàìè і ìіñöåì ó ðå÷åííі. Òàê, іìåííèê, ùî
ñòîїòü ïåðåä ïðèñóäêîì, є ïіäìåòîì, à ïіñëÿ ïðèñóäêà — ïðÿìèì
äîäàòêîì:
The teacher asks the student. – Ó÷èòåëü çàïèòóє ó÷íÿ.
The student asks the teacher. – Ó÷åíü çàïèòóє â÷èòåëÿ.
Ðіçíі çâ’ÿçêè іìåííèêà, ùî âіäïîâіäàþòü íåïðÿìèì âіäìіíêàì â
óêðàїíñüêіé ìîâі, âèðàæàþòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ ïðèéìåííèêіâ:
The boy gave the book to his sister. – Õëîïåöü äàâ êíèæêó ñâîїé
ñåñòðі.
The streets of the city were narrow. – Âóëèöі ìіñòà áóëè âóçüêі.
Íå wrote with a pen. – Âіí ïèñàâ ðó÷êîþ.
Ïðèñâіéíèé âіäìіíîê âêàçóє íà íàëåæíіñòü ïðåäìåòà ÿêіéñü îñîáі.
Â îäíèíі âіí óòâîðþєòüñÿ äîäàâàííÿì äî іìåííèêà àïîñòðîôà і çàêіí-
÷åííÿ -s, ÿêå âèìîâëÿєòüñÿ çà òèìè ñàìèìè ïðàâèëàìè, ùî é çàêіí÷åí-
íÿ ìíîæèíè іìåííèêіâ.
the girl’s book – êíèæêà äіâ÷èíêè
the cat’s tail – õâіñò êîòà
Ïðèñâіéíèé âіäìіíîê іìåííèêіâ ó ì í î æ è í і óòâîðþєòüñÿ
äîäàâàííÿì äî íèõ àïîñòðîôà ïіñëÿ çàêіí÷åííÿ -s:
students’ books – êíèæêè ñòóäåíòіâ
ßêùî іìåííèê ó ìíîæèíі íå çàêіí÷óєòüñÿ íà -s, òî ïðèñâіéíèé
âіäìіíîê óòâîðþєòüñÿ äîäàâàííÿì -’s:
the children’s toys – äèòÿ÷і іãðàøêè

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Çàìіñòü ïðèñâіéíîãî âіäìіíêà ìîæå âæèâàòèñÿ іìåííèê іç
ïðèéìåííèêîì of:
my friend’s brother – the brother of my friend (áðàò ìîãî äðóãà)
THE ADJECTIVE
Ïðèêìåòíèê
Ñòóïåíі ïîðіâíÿííÿ ïðèêìåòíèêіâ
(Comparatives and Superlatives)
Â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ïðèêìåòíèêè íå çìіíþþòüñÿ íі çà ðîäàìè, íі çà
÷èñëàìè, íі çà âіäìіíêàìè. Âîíè çìіíþþòüñÿ ëèøå çà ñòóïåíÿìè
ïîðіâíÿííÿ.
ßêіñíі ïðèêìåòíèêè ìàþòü î ñ í î â í ó ô î ð ì ó (the positive
degree), â è ù è é (the comparative degree or comparatives) і í à é -
â è ù è é (the superlative degree or superlatives) ñ ò ó ï å í і ïîðіâíÿííÿ.
Ôîðìè âèùîãî і íàéâèùîãî ñòóïåíіâ ïîðіâíÿííÿ ïðèêìåòíèêіâ
ìîæóòü áóòè, ÿê і â óêðàїíñüêіé ìîâі, ï ð î ñ ò è ì è і ñ ê ë à ä å í è ì è.
Ïðîñòі ôîðìè ñòóïåíіâ ïîðіâíÿííÿ ïðèêìåòíèêіâ óòâîðþþòüñÿ
äîäàâàííÿì äî îñíîâíîї ôîðìè çàêіí÷åííÿ -år ó âèùîìó òà -est – ó
íàéâèùîìó ñòóïåíі:
old – older – the oldest.
Ñêëàäåíі ôîðìè ñòóïåíіâ ïîðіâíÿííÿ óòâîðþþòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ
ñëіâ more (áіëüø) ó âèùîìó ñòóïåíі òà most (íàéáіëüø) – ó
íàéâèùîìó. Îñíîâíà ôîðìà ïðèêìåòíèêà çàëèøàєòüñÿ áåç çìіí:
beautiful – more beautiful – the most beautiful.
Â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ïðîñòі ôîðìè ñòóïåíіâ ïîðіâíÿííÿ ìàþòü:
à) óñі îäíîñêëàäîâі ïðèêìåòíèêè:
short – shorter – shortest
á) äâîñêëàäîâі ïðèêìåòíèêè, ùî çàêіí÷óþòüñÿ íà -ó, -er, -lå, -ow:
easy – easier – easiest
clever – cleverer – cleverest
simple – simpler – simplest
narrow – narrower – narrowest
â) äâîñêëàäîâі ïðèêìåòíèêè ç íàãîëîñîì íà äðóãîìó ñêëàäі:

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polite – politer – politest
Ñêëàäåíі ôîðìè ñòóïåíіâ ïîðіâíÿííÿ ìàþòü óñі áàãàòîñêëàäîâі
ïðèêìåòíèêè і äâîñêëàäîâі ç íàãîëîñîì íà ïåðøîìó ñêëàäі, êðіì òèõ,
ùî çàêіí÷óþòüñÿ íà -ó, -er, -le, -ow:
interesting – more interesting – the most interesting
famous – more famous – the most famous
Âèíÿòêè:
Ñòóïåíі ïîðіâíÿííÿ äåÿêèõ ïðèêìåòíèêіâ â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі, ÿê і
â óêðàїíñüêіé, óòâîðèëèñÿ âіä іíøèõ êîðåíіâ. Їõ ïîòðіáíî çàïàì’ÿòàòè.
good – better – the best ãàðíèé – êðàùèé – íàéêðàùèé
bad – worse – the worst ïîãàíèé – ãіðøèé – íàéãіðøèé
little – less – the least ìàëèé – ìåíøèé – íàéìåíøèé
much (many) – more – the most áàãàòî – áіëüøå – íàéáіëüøå
Ïðè óòâîðåííі ïðîñòèõ ôîðì ñòóïåíіâ ïîðіâíÿííÿ ïðèêìåòíèêіâ
äîòðèìóþòüñÿ òàêèõ ïðàâèë îðôîãðàôі :
à) ÿêùî ïðèêìåòíèê çàêіí÷óєòüñÿ íà -å, òî ïåðåä çàêіí÷åííÿìè -år
òà -est âîíî âèïàäàє:
nice – nicer – the nicest
á) â îäíîñêëàäîâèõ ïðèêìåòíèêàõ ïåðåä çàêіí÷åííÿìè -åã òà -est
ïîäâîþєòüñÿ êіíöåâà ïðèãîëîñíà, ÿêùî ïåðåä íåþ ñòîїòü êîðîòêèé
ãîëîñíèé çâóê:
big – bigger – the biggest
â) ÿêùî ïðèêìåòíèê çàêіí÷óєòüñÿ áóêâîþ -ó ç ïîïåðåäíüîþ
ïðèãîëîñíîþ, òî ïåðåä -er, -est ëіòåðà ó çìіíþєòüñÿ íà і:
funny – funnier – the funniest
Âèùèé ñòóïіíü ïîðіâíÿííÿ ïðèêìåòíèêіâ (comparatives) âæèâàєòüñÿ
äëÿ ïîðіâíÿííÿ äâîõ ëþäåé, òâàðèí, ïðåäìåòіâ àáî ÿâèù.
She is taller than you.
Íàéâèùèé ñòóïіíü ïîðіâíÿííÿ ïðèêìåòíèêіâ (superlatives)
âæèâàєòüñÿ äëÿ ïîðіâíÿííÿ òðüîõ і áіëüøå ëþäåé, òâàðèí, ïðåäìåòіâ
àáî ÿâèù.
It is the shortest story in the book.
This is the most dangerous fish in the sea.

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THE NUMERAL
×èñëіâíèê
Â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ÷èñëіâíèêè ïîäіëÿþòüñÿ íà êіëüêіñíі (cardinal)
òà ïîðÿäêîâі (ordinal).
Cardinal Numerals
1 – one
2 – two
3 – three
4 – four
5 – five
6 – six
7 – seven
8 – eight
9 – nine
10 – ten
11 – eleven
12 – twelve
13 – thirteen
14 – fourteen
15 – fifteen
16 – sixteen
17 – seventeen
18 – eighteen
19 – nineteen
20 – twenty
21 – twenty-one
22 – twenty-two
23 – twenty-three
24 – twenty-four
25 – twenty-five
26 – twenty-six
30 – thirty
40 – forty
50 – fifty
60 – sixty
70 – seventy
80 – eighty
90 – ninety
100 – a hundred / one hundred
Ïîðÿäêîâі ÷èñëіâíèêè (ordinal), êðіì ïåðøèõ òðüîõ, óòâîðþþòüñÿ
øëÿõîì äîäàâàííÿì ñóôіêñà -th äî âіäïîâіäíèõ êіëüêіñíèõ ÷èñëіâíèêіâ.
Ïðè öüîìó äåÿêі ç íèõ çàçíàþòü çìіí ó íàïèñàííі é âèìîâі.
Ordinal Numerals
1st – first
2nd – second
3rd – third
4th – fourth
5th – fifth
6th – sixth
7th – seventh
8th – eighth
9th – ninth
10th – tenth
11th – eleventh
12th – twelfth
13th – thirteenth
14th – fourteenth
15th – fifteenth
16th – sixteenth
17th – seventeenth
19th – nineteenth
20th – twentieth
21st – twenty-first
22nd – twenty-second
23rd – twenty-third
24th – twenty-fourth
25th – twenty-fifth
26th – twenty-sixth
30th – thirtieth
40th – fortieth
50th – fiftieth
60th – sixtieth
70th – seventieth

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80th – eightieth
90th – ninetieth
100th – one hundredth
Çàçâè÷àé ïîðÿäêîâі ÷èñëіâíèêè âæèâàþòüñÿ ç îçíà÷åíèì àðòèêëåì.
THE PRONOUN
Çàéìåííèê
Çàéìåííèê – ÷àñòèíà ìîâè, ùî ëèøå âêàçóє íà ïðåäìåò, îçíàêó òà
êіëüêіñòü, àëå íå íàçèâàє éîãî.
Â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі çàéìåííèêè ïîäіëÿþòüñÿ íà: îñîáîâі, ïðèñâіéíі,
çâîðîòíі, âêàçіâíі, íåîçíà÷åíі, ïèòàëüíі.
Îñîáîâі çàéìåííèêè (Personal Prounouns)
Îñîáîâі çàéìåííèêè â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ìàþòü äâà âіäìіíêè:
í à ç è â í è é і î á ’ є ê ò í è é.
Íàçèâíèé âіäìіíîê:
I – ÿ
you – òè
he – âіí
she – âîíà
it – âîíî (âіí, âîíà – äëÿ íåæèâèõ ïðåäìåòіâ і òâàðèí)
we – ìè
you – âè
they – âîíè
Îñîáîâі çàéìåííèêè â íàçèâíîìó âіäìіíêó âèêîíóþòü ôóíêöіþ
ïіäìåòà (subject pronouns):
The girl is reading. – She is reading.
Mark likes ice cream very much. – He likes ice cream very much.
Îá’ êòíèé âіäìіíîê:
me – ìåíå, ìåíі
you – òåáå, òîáі
him – éîãî, éîìó
her – її, їé
it – éîãî, éîìó, її, їé
us – íàñ, íàì
you – âàñ, âàì
them – їõ, їì

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Îñîáîâі çàéìåííèêè â îá’єêòíîìó âіäìіíêó âèêîíóþòü ôóíêöіþ
äîäàòêà (object pronouns).
I like him.
Ïіñëÿ ïðèéìåííèêіâ îñîáîâі çàéìåííèêè âæèâàþòüñÿ ëèøå ó ôîðìі
îá’єêòíîãî âіäìіíêà.
Dan talks to her.
The Possessive Pronouns
Ïðèñâіéíі çàéìåííèêè
Ïðèñâіéíі çàéìåííèêè ìàþòü äâі ôîðìè: âіäíîñíó, ÿêà âæèâàєòüñÿ
ëèøå ÿê îçíà÷åííÿ äî іìåííèêà (possessive adjectives), òà àáñîëþòíó,
ÿêà âæèâàєòüñÿ ñàìîñòіéíî, òîáòî áåç іìåííèêà (possessive pronouns).
Âіäíîñíà ôîðìà Àáñîëþòíà ôîðìà
my mine
your yours
his his
her hers
its its
our ours
their theirs
This is your book. Give me mine. – Öå òâîÿ êíèæêà. Äàé ìåíі ìîþ.
Â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі íåìàє òàêîãî ïðèñâіéíîãî çàéìåííèêà, ùî
âіäïîâіäàâ áè óêðàїíñüêîìó çàéìåííèêó ñâіé. Îñòàííіé ïåðåêëàäàєòüñÿ
íà àíãëіéñüêó ìîâó ðіçíèìè ïðèñâіéíèìè çàéìåííèêàìè çàëåæíî âіä
îñîáè, ÿêîї âіí ñòîñóєòüñÿ:
I read my book yesterday. – ß ÷èòàâ ñâîþ êíèæêó â÷îðà.
She read her book yesterday. – Âîíà ÷èòàëà ñâîþ êíèæêó â÷îðà.
The Reflexive Pronouns
Çâîðîòíі çàéìåííèêè
Âіä ïðèñâіéíèõ çàéìåííèêіâ my, our, your і ò. ä. øëÿõîì äîäàâàííÿ
çàêіí÷åíü -self (â îäíèíі) òà -selves (ó ìíîæèíі) óòâîðþþòüñÿ çâîðîòíі
çàéìåííèêè myself, ourselves, yourselves і ò. ä., ÿêі ÷àñòî âіäïîâіäàþòü
óêðàїíñüêèì ñåáå â ðіçíèõ âіäìіíêàõ òà ñàì.
I have done it myself. – ß çðîáèâ öå ñàì.

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THE ADVERB
Ïðèñëіâíèê
Ïðèñëіâíèê â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі, ÿê і â óêðàїíñüêіé, – öå ÷àñòèíà
ìîâè, ùî âêàçóє íà îçíàêó äії (ñòàíó) àáî ÿêîñòі.
Nina studies very well.
He speaks loudly.
Ïðèñëіâíèêè ïîäіëÿþòüñÿ íà ïðîñòі é ïîõіäíі. Äî ïîõіäíèõ ïðè-
ñëіâíèêіâ íàëåæàòü òàêі, ÿêі óòâîðþþòüñÿ äîäàâàííÿì ñóôіêñіâ äî
ïðèêìåòíèêіâ òà іìåííèêіâ.
Áіëüøіñòü ïðèñëіâíèêіâ óòâîðþþòüñÿ âіä ïðèêìåòíèêіâ çà äîïîìî-
ãîþ ñóôіêñà -ly:
usual – usually
Âèíÿòêè:
good – well
fast – fast
hard – hard
Äåÿêі ïðàâèëà ïðàâîïèñó.
ßêùî ïðèêìåòíèê çàêіí÷óєòüñÿ íà -y, çìіíіòü éîãî òà äîäàéòå
ñóôіêñ -ly:
noisy – noisily
Çàêіí÷åííÿ -e çàëèøàєòüñÿ ïåðåä ñóôіêñîì -ly:
nice – nicely
Âèíÿòîê:
true – truly
Çàêіí÷åííÿ -le çìіíþєòüñÿ íà -ly:
possible – possibly
Çà ñâîїì çíà÷åííÿì ïðèñëіâíèêè â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ïîäіëÿþòüñÿ íà
îêðåìі ãðóïè. Ðîçãëÿíåìî äåÿêі çíèõ.
Adverbs of manner (ïðèñëіâíèêè ñïîñîáó äі ): badly, well, slowly,
quickly òà іí. ïîêàçóþòü, ÿê âіäáóâàєòüñÿ äіÿ. ßê ïðàâèëî, òàêі ïðè-
ñëіâíèêè ñòîÿòü ó êіíöі ðå÷åííÿ, àëå òі, ÿêі çàêіí÷óþòüñÿ íà -ly, іíêî-
ëè ìîæóòü çíàõîäèòèñÿ і âñåðåäèíі ðå÷åííÿ.
We ran to the river quickly.
We quickly ran to the river.
Adverbs of time (ïðèñëіâíèêè ÷àñó): today, yesterday, soon, now,
late, then, when, since, before òà adverbs of place (ïðèñëіâíèêè ìіñöÿ):

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here, there, above, downstairs, outside, where – çàçâè÷àé âæèâàþòüñÿ
íà ïî÷àòêó àáî â êіíöі ðå÷åííÿ.
He was not at school yesterday. – Éîãî íå áóëî ó øêîëі â÷îðà.
Tomorrow we have six lessons. – Çàâòðà ìè ìàєìî øіñòü óðîêіâ.
Adverbs of Frequency (ïðèñëіâíèêè ÷àñòîòíîñòі): often, never, ever,
always, sometimes, seldom òà іí., ÿê ïðàâèëî, âæèâàþòüñÿ âñåðåäèíі
ðå÷åííÿ, ìіæ ïіäìåòîì òà ïðèñóäêîì, àáî ïіñëÿ ôîðì äîïîìіæíîãî
äієñëîâà to be.
I sometimes visit my friends.
Do you usually go to the library on Saturday?
I am occasionally good at writing test.
Ïðèñëіâíèêè normally, usually, often, sometimes òà occasionally
ìîæóòü òàêîæ âæèâàòèñÿ íà ïî÷àòêó ðå÷åííÿ.
Normally we have five lessons on Thursday. – Çàçâè÷àé ìè ìàєìî
ï’ÿòü óðîêіâ ó ÷åòâåð.
THE VERB
Äі ñëîâî
Äі ñëîâî – öå ÷àñòèíà ìîâè, ÿêà îçíà÷àє äіþ ïðåäìåòà. Îñîáëèâіñòþ
àíãëіéñüêîї ìîâè є òå, ùî â íіé äóæå ëåãêî ìîæíà óòâîðèòè äієñëîâà
ïðàêòè÷íî âіä áóäü-ÿêîãî іìåííèêà, íàçâè ïðåäìåòà ÷è ÿâèùà. Äëÿ
öüîãî ÷àñòî äîñòàòíüî äîäàòè ïåðåä ñëîâîì ñëóæáîâó ÷àñòèíó ìîâè –
÷àñòêó to.
Íàïðèêëàä:
work – ðîáîòà
to work – ïðàöþâàòè
Äієñëîâî â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ìàє îñîáîâі é íåîñîáîâі ôîðìè. Îñîáîâі
ôîðìè äієñëîâà âêàçóþòü íà îñîáó, ÷èñëî, ñïîñіá, ÷àñ äії і ñòàí. Äî
îñîáîâèõ íàëåæàòü ôîðìè äієñëîâà â òðüîõ îñîáàõ îäíèíè і ìíîæèíè,
â óñіõ ÷àñàõ àêòèâíîãî і ïàñèâíîãî ñòàíó, â äіéñíîìó і íàêàçîâîìó
ñïîñîáàõ. Öі ôîðìè äієñëіâ âæèâàþòüñÿ â ðå÷åííі â ðîëі ïðèñóäêà.
I study English at school. – ß âèâ÷àþ àíãëіéñüêó ìîâó ó øêîëі.
We study English at school. – Ìè âèâ÷àєìî àíãëіéñüêó ìîâó ó øêîëі.
Study English at school! – Âèâ÷àéòå àíãëіéñüêó ìîâó ó øêîëі.
Â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ðîçðіçíÿþòü ÷îòèðè ãðóïè ÷àñîâèõ ôîðì
äієñëîâà:
Simple Tenses – íåîçíà÷åíі ÷àñè

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Continuous Tenses – òðèâàëі ÷àñè
Perfect Tenses – ïåðôåêòíі / äîêîíàíі ÷àñè
Perfect Continuous Tenses – ïåðôåêòíî-òðèâàëі ÷àñè
Ó êîæíіé ãðóïі, êðіì òåïåðіøíüîãî (Present), ìèíóëîãî (Past) òà
ìàéáóòíüîãî ÷àñó (Future), є ùå ôîðìà Future-in-the-Past, ùî âèðàæàє
ìàéáóòíþ äіþ âіäíîñíî ìèíóëîãî ÷àñó.
Çà ñïîñîáîì óòâîðåííÿ Past Simple òà Past Participle äієñëîâà â
àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ïîäіëÿþòü íà ïðàâèëüíі é íåïðàâèëüíі. Ïðàâèëüíі
äієñëîâà óòâîðþþòü äðóãó òà òðåòþ ôîðìè äîäàâàííÿì çàêіí÷åííÿ -ed
äî áàçîâîї ôîðìè.
work – worked – worked
play – played – played
try – tried – tried
Íåïðàâèëüíі äієñëîâà óòâîðþþòü öі ôîðìè ïî-ðіçíîìó, òîìó їõ
òðåáà çàïàì’ÿòàòè, ñêîðèñòàâøèñü òàáëèöåþ íåïðàâèëüíèõ äієñëіâ
(äèâ. ôîðçàöè).
write – wrote – written
Â àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі є ùå é òàê çâàíі äîïîìіæíі äі ñëîâà. Âîíè
ñëóãóþòü äëÿ ïîáóäîâè ñòâåðäæóâàëüíîї, çàïåðå÷íîї òà ïèòàëüíîї
ôîðì äієñëîâà ó ðіçíèõ ãðóïàõ ÷àñіâ.
Ó øîñòîìó êëàñі âèâ÷àþòüñÿ äåÿêі ÷àñè ãðóï Simple, Continuous òà
Perfect.
PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE
Òåïåðіøíіé ïðîñòèé (íåîçíà÷åíèé) ÷àñ
Òåïåðіøíіé ïðîñòèé (íåîçíà÷åíèé) ÷àñ âæèâà òüñÿ:
• äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ ïîñòіéíîї àáî ïîâòîðþâàíîї äії ÷è çâè÷êè, ÿêà
õàðàêòåðèçóє ïіäìåò òà âіäáóâàєòüñÿ âçàãàëі, à íå â ìîìåíò ìîâëåííÿ:
I go to school on foot.
I get up at seven o’clock.
• ç äієñëîâàìè to see, to know, to hear, to feel, to want, to hate, to
love, to understand òà äåÿêèìè іíøèìè äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ äії, ùî
âіäáóâàєòüñÿ â ìîìåíò ìîâëåííÿ:
I see Ann near my house.
• äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ äóìîê, ïî÷óòòіâ ÷è íàäàííÿ ïîñòіéíîї õàðàê-
òåðèñòèêè:
She plays the piano.
• äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ íåçìіííîї іñòèíè, çàãàëüíîâіäîìîãî ôàêòó,
íåîáìåæåíîãî ÷àñîâèìè ðàìêàìè:
Spring comes after winter.

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Ñòâåðäæóâàëüíà ôîðìà äієñëîâà â òåïåðіøíüîìó ïðîñòîìó
(íåîçíà÷åíîìó) ÷àñі â óñіõ îñîáàõ îäíèíè òà ìíîæèíè ñïіâïàäàє ç
áàçîâîþ ôîðìîþ äієñëîâà áåç ÷àñòêè to. Єäèíèé âèíÿòîê – òðåòÿ îñîáà
îäíèíè, äå äîäàєòüñÿ çàêіí÷åííÿ -s àáî -es.
I play.
You play.
He (She, It) plays.
We (They) play.
Çàêіí÷åííÿ -s ïіñëÿ ãëóõèõ ïðèãîëîñíèõ âèìîâëÿєòüñÿ ÿê çâóê /s/,
à ïіñëÿ äçâіíêèõ ïðèãîëîñíèõ і ãîëîñíèõ – ÿê /z/.
She speaks. /s/ He reads. /z/
ßêùî îñíîâà äієñëîâà çàêіí÷óєòüñÿ íà -s, -sh, -ss, -ch, -tch, -x, òî â
òðåòіé îñîáі îäíèíè äî äієñëîâà äîäàєòüñÿ çàêіí÷åííÿ -es, ÿêå
âèìîâëÿєòüñÿ ÿê /iz/:
She watches TV every day. – Âîíà äèâèòüñÿ òåëåâіçîð ùîäíÿ.
ßêùî äієñëîâî çàêіí÷óєòüñÿ íà -y ç ïîïåðåäíüîþ ïðèãîëîñíîþ, òî
ïåðåä -es áóêâà -y çìіíþєòüñÿ íà -i:
He tries.
ßêùî ïåðåä -y ñòîїòü ãîëîñíà, òî äî äієñëîâà äîäàєòüñÿ ëèøå
çàêіí÷åííÿ -s:
He plays football on Sundays. – Âіí ãðàє ó ôóòáîë ùîíåäіëі.
Çàïåðå÷íà ôîðìà â Present Simple Tense óòâîðþєòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ
äîïîìіæíîãî äієñëîâà do (does), çàïåðå÷íîї ÷àñòêè not òà áàçîâîї
ôîðìè îñíîâíîãî äієñëîâà áåç ÷àñòêè to.
I don’t work. / He doesn’t work. / You don’t work.
Ïèòàëüíà ôîðìà Present Simple Tense óòâîðþєòüñÿ ç äîïîìіæíîãî
äієñëîâà do (does) òà áàçîâîї ôîðìè îñíîâíîãî äієñëîâà áåç ÷àñòêè to.
Äîïîìіæíå äієñëîâî ñòàâèòüñÿ ïåðåä ïіäìåòîì.
Do I work? Do we work?
Do you work? Do you work?
Does he (she) work? Do they work?

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Êîðîòêі âіäïîâіäі:
– Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
– Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
Âіäìіíþâàííÿ äі ñëîâà to be:
Affirmative
(Ñòâåðäæóâàëüíà ôîðìà)
Negative
(Çàïåðå÷íà ôîðìà)
Interrogative
(Ïèòàëüíà ôîðìà)
I am. I am not. Am I?
You are. You are not. Are you?
He (she, it) is. He (She, It) is not. Is he (she, it) is?
We are. We are not. Are we?
You are. You are not. Are you?
They are. They are not. Are they?
Short answers (Êîðîòêі âіäïîâіäі)
Yes, I am.
Yes, you are.
Yes, he (she, it) is.
Yes, we are.
Yes, you are.
Yes, they are.
No, I am not. / No, I’m not.
No, you are not. / No, you aren’t.
No, he (she, it) is not (isn’t.)
No, we are not. / No, we aren’t.
No, they are not. / No, they aren’t.
Âіäìіíþâàííÿ äі ñëîâà to have:
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
I have. I do not have. Do I have?
You have. You do not have. Do you have?
He (she, it) has. He (She, It) does not have. Does he (she, it) have?
We have. We do not have. Do we have?
You have. You do not have. Do you have?
They have. They do not have. Do they have?
Yes, I have.
Yes, you have.
Yes, he (she, it) has.
Yes, we have.
Yes, you have.
Yes, they have.
No, I do not (don’t) have.
No, you do not (don’t) have.
No, he (she, it) does not (doesn’t) have.
No, we do not (don’t) have.
No, you do not (don’t) have.
No, they do not (don’t) have.

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PAST SIMPLE TENSE
Ìèíóëèé ïðîñòèé (íåîçíà÷åíèé) ÷àñ
Past Simple Tense âæèâàєòüñÿ äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ îäíîðàçîâîї àáî
ïîñòіéíîї äії â ìèíóëîìó, ÿêà íå ïîâ’ÿçàíà ç òåïåðіøíіì ìîìåíòîì
ìîâëåííÿ. Çàçíà÷åíèé ÷àñ oïèñóє ìèíóëі ïîäії. Íà óêðàїíñüêó ìîâó
âіí ïåðåêëàäàєòüñÿ ìèíóëèì ÷àñîì äîêîíàíîãî àáî íåäîêîíàíîãî âèäó
çàëåæíî âіä çìіñòó ðå÷åííÿ.
Past Simple Tense ÷àñòî âæèâàєòüñÿ ç îáñòàâèííèìè ñëîâàìè yes-
terday ó÷îðà, last week ìèíóëîãî òèæíÿ, last year òîðіê, last summer
ìèíóëîãî ëіòà, the other day íåäàâíî, öèìè äíÿìè òîùî.
I went to the library on Saturday. – ß õîäèâ äî áіáëіîòåêè ó ñóáîòó.
Äëÿ òîãî ùîá óòâîðèòè ñòâåðäæóâàëüíó ôîðìó Past Simple Tense,
òðåáà äî áàçîâîї ôîðìè ïðàâèëüíîãî äієñëîâà äîäàòè çàêіí÷åííÿ -ed.
І worked.
You worked.
Íå (She) worked.
We worked.
They worked.
Çàêіí÷åííÿ -ed âèìîâëÿєòüñÿ òàê:
/t/ – ïіñëÿ ãëóõèõ ïðèãîëîñíèõ, êðіì t:
to help – helped /t/;
/d/ – ïіñëÿ äçâіíêèõ ïðèãîëîñíèõ, êðіì d, і ïіñëÿ ãîëîñíèõ:
to open – opened /d/;
/id/ – ïіñëÿ ïðèãîëîñíèõ t, d:
to want – wanted /id/.
Äієñëîâà, ùî çàêіí÷óþòüñÿ â іíôіíіòèâі áóêâîþ -ó, ÿêіé ïåðåäóє
ïðèãîëîñíà, çìіíþþòü -ó íà -і ïåðåä çàêіí÷åííÿì -ed:
to study – studied:
Äієñëîâà, ùî çàêіí÷óþòüñÿ áóêâîþ -e, âòðà÷àþòü її ïåðåä çàêіí÷åííÿì
-ed:
to live – lived.
Past Simple Tense íåïðàâèëüíèõ äієñëіâ òðåáà çàïàì’ÿòàòè (äèâ.
ñïèñîê íåïðàâèëüíèõ äієñëіâ).
ßê ïðàâèëüíі, òàê і íåïðàâèëüíі äієñëîâà â Past Simple Tense ìàþòü
îäíàêîâó ôîðìó äëÿ âñіõ îñіá îäíèíè і ìíîæèíè.
І read a book yesterday.
You read a book yesterday.
He (She) read a book yesterday.
We read a book yesterday.
They read a book yesterday.

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Âèíÿòîê ñòàíîâèòü äієñëîâî to be:
I was
He (She, It) was
We were
You were
They were
Ïèòàëüíà і çàïåðå÷íà ôîðìè Past Simple Tense óòâîðþþòüñÿ çà
òèìè ñàìèìè ïðàâèëàìè, ùî é Present Simple Tense, àëå äîïîìіæíå
äієñëîâî to do âæèâàєòüñÿ â Past Simple (did) â óñіõ îñîáàõ.
I did not play.
You did not play.
He (She, It) did not play.
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
I played. I did not play. Did I play?
You played. You did not play. Did you play?
He (She, It) played. He (She, It) did not play. Did he (she, it) play?
We played. We did not play. Did we play?
You played. You did not play. Did you play?
They played. They did not play. Did they play?
Yes, I did.
Yes, you did.
Yes, he (she, it) did.
Yes, we did.
Yes, you did.
Yes, they did.
No, I did not. / No, I didn’t.
No, you did not. / No, you didn’t.
No, he (she, it) did not (didn’t.)
No, we did not. / No, we didn’t.
No, you did not. / No, you didn’t.
No, they did not. / No, they didn’t.
FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE
Ìàéáóòíіé ïðîñòèé (íåîçíà÷åíèé) ÷àñ
Future Simple Tense âæèâàєòüñÿ äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ îäíîðàçîâîї,
ïîñòіéíîї àáî ïîâòîðþâàíîї äії, ùî âіäáóäåòüñÿ â ìàéáóòíüîìó. Ïðè
öüîìó ÷àñòî âæèâàþòüñÿ òàêі ñëîâà: tomorrow – çàâòðà, next week –
íàñòóïíîãî òèæíÿ, next month – íàñòóïíîãî ìіñÿöÿ, next year –
íàñòóïíîãî ðîêó òîùî.
I will go to the library tomorrow. – ß ïіäó äî áіáëіîòåêè çàâòðà.
Â ñó÷àñíіé àíãëіéñüêіé ìîâі ñòâåðäæóâàëüíà, ïèòàëüíà òà çàïåðå÷íà
ôîðìè Future Simple Tense óòâîðþþòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ äîïîìіæíîãî
äієñëîâà will òà áàçîâîї ôîðìè îñíîâíîãî äієñëîâà áåç ÷àñòêè to.

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Ó çàãàëüíîìó çàïèòàííі äîïîìіæíå äієñëîâî will ñòàâèòüñÿ ïåðåä
ïіäìåòîì.
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
I will (I’ll) read. I will not (won’t) read. Will I read?
You will (you’ll) read. You will not (won’t) read. Will you read?
He will (he’ll) read. He will not (won’t) read. Will he read?
She will (she’ll) read. She will not (won’t) read. Will she read?
It will (it’ll) read. It will (won’t) read.
We will (we’ll) read. We will not (won’t) read. Will we read?
CONTINUOUS TENSES
Òðèâàëі ÷àñè
×àñè ãðóïè Continuous âæèâàþòüñÿ äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ äії ÿê ïðîöåñó,
òîáòî äії, ùî òðèâàє â ìîìåíò ìîâëåííÿ ÷è â òåïåðіøíіé ïåðіîä ÷àñó
(Present Continuous Tense), òðèâàëà â ÿêèéñü ìîìåíò ÷è ïåðіîä ÷àñó â
ìèíóëîìó (Past Continuous Tense), òðèâàòèìå â ïåâíèé ìîìåíò ÷è
ïåðіîä ÷àñó â ìàéáóòíüîìó (Future Continuous Tense).
×àñè ãðóïè Continuous óòâîðþþòüñÿ ç äîïîìіæíîãî äієñëîâà to be
ó âіäïîâіäíіé ÷àñîâіé ôîðìі òà äієïðèêìåòíèêà òåïåðіøíüîãî ÷àñó
(Present Participle) îñíîâíîãî äієñëîâà.
Present Participle óòâîðþєòüñÿ äîäàâàííÿì çàêіí÷åííÿ -ing äî
іíôіíіòèâà îñíîâíîãî äієñëîâà áåç ÷àñòêè to:
read – reading
Äієñëîâà, ùî çàêіí÷óþòüñÿ â іíôіíіòèâі íà -å, âòðà÷àþòü éîãî ïåðåä
çàêіí÷åííÿì -ing: give – giving.
Ó äієñëîâàõ, ùî çàêіí÷óþòüñÿ íà ïðèãîëîñíó ç ïîïåðåäíüîþ
êîðîòêîþ íàãîëîøåíîþ ãîëîñíîþ, ïåðåä çàêіí÷åííÿì -ing êіíöåâà
ïðèãîëîñíà ïîäâîþєòüñÿ: to run – running, to sit – sitting.
ßêùî äієñëîâî çàêіí÷óєòüñÿ áóêâîñïîëó÷åííÿì -іå, òî ïåðåä
çàêіí÷åííÿì -ing, -іå çìіíþєòüñÿ íà -ó: lie – lying.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Òåïåðіøíіé òðèâàëèé ÷àñ
Òåïåðіøíіé òðèâàëèé ÷àñ âæèâàєòüñÿ äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ äії, ÿêà
âіäáóâàєòüñÿ â ìîìåíò ìîâëåííÿ. Present Continuous Tense ìîæå
âæèâàòèñÿ ç òàêèìè ñëîâàìè, ùî ïîçíà÷àþòü ÷àñ âèêîíàííÿ äії: now,
at the moment, at present.

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Ç òàêèìè ñëîâàìè, ÿê: to believe, to feel, to hear, to know, to like,
to see, to smell, to sound, to taste, to think, to understand, to want –
òåïåðіøíіé òðèâàëèé ÷àñ íå âæèâàєòüñÿ, çàìіñòü íüîãî âæèâàєìî
Present Simple Tense.
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
I am working. I am not working. Am I working?
You are working. You are not working. Are you working?
He (she, it) is working. He (she, it) is not working. Is he (she, it) working?
We are working. We are not working. Are we working?
You are working. You are not working. Are you working?
They are working. They are not working. Are they working?
Yes, I am.
Yes, you are.
Yes, he (she, it) is.
Yes, we are.
Yes, you are.
Yes, they are.
No, I am not. / (I’m not.)
No, he (she, it) is not (isn’t.)
No, we are not. / No, we aren’t.
No, they are not. / No, they aren’t.
Present Continuous Tense òàêîæ âæèâàєòüñÿ äëÿ âèðàæåííÿ
çàïëàíîâàíîї äії â íàéáëèæ÷îìó ìàéáóòíüîìó, ÿêà íàé÷àñòіøå
âèðàæàєòüñÿ ñëîâàìè, ùî îçíà÷àþòü ðóõ.
I am going to Kyiv tomorrow. – Çàâòðà ÿ їäó äî Êèєâà.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Òåïåðіøíіé äîêîíàíèé (çàâåðøåíèé) ÷àñ
Present Perfect Tense âæèâàєòüñÿ:
• äëÿ ïîçíà÷åííÿ ÷àñó, ÿêèé ïî÷àâñÿ â ìèíóëîìó òà ïðîäîâæóєòü-
ñÿ ïіä ÷àñ ìîâëåííÿ:
I have lived here all my life. – ß ìåøêàþ òóò óñå ñâîє æèòòÿ;
• êîëè є ðåçóëüòàò äії. Ó öüîìó âèïàäêó ìè íå âêàçóєìî ÷àñ.
Ïðèñóäîê ïåðåêëàäàєòüñÿ äієñëîâîì äîêîíàíîãî âèäó:
I have already written a letter. – ß âæå íàïèñàâ ëèñòà.
Present Perfect Tense âæèâàєòüñÿ ç ïðèñëіâíèêàìè just – ùîéíî,
already – âæå, yet – ùå òà ïðèéìåííèêàìè for – ïðîòÿãîì, since – ç.

200
Yet (ùå) âæèâàєòüñÿ íàïðèêіíöі ïèòàëüíîãî òà çàïåðå÷íîãî ðå÷åíü:
I have not read the book yet. – ß ùå íå ïðî÷èòàâ êíèæêó.
For (ïðîòÿãîì) ïîçíà÷àє ïåðіîä òðèâàëîñòі äії:
I have known him for five years. – ß çíàþ éîãî ï’ÿòü ðîêіâ.
Since (ç) âêàçóє íà ïî÷àòîê äії:
We have lived in Lviv since 1998. – Ìè æèâåìî ó Ëüâîâі ç 1998 ðîêó.
Present Perfect Tense yòâîðþєòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ äієñëîâà to have y
Present Simple Tense òà äієïðèêìåòíèêà ìèíóëîãî ÷àñó. Äëÿ òîãî ùîá
óòâîðèòè äієïðèêìåòíèê ìèíóëîãî ÷àñó âіä ïðàâèëüíèõ äієñëіâ, òðåáà
äîäàòè çàêіí÷åííÿ -ed äî áàçîâîї ôîðìè äієñëîâà; äëÿ íåïðàâèëüíèõ
äієñëіâ – öå ôîðìè, ÿêі çíàõîäÿòüñÿ â òðåòіé êîëîíöі ñïèñêó
íåïðàâèëüíèõ äієñëіâ.
Affirmative
Negative
Interrogative
I have done. I have not done. Have I done?
You have done. You have not done. Have you done?
He (she, it) has done. He (she, it) has not done. Has he (she, it) done?
We have done. Wet have not done. Have we done?
You have done. You have not done. Have you done?
They have done. They have not done. Have they done?
Yes, I have.
Yes, you have.
Yes, he (she, it) has.
Yes, we have.
Yes, you have.
Yes, they have.
No, I have not (haven’t).
No, you have not (haven’t).
No, he (she, it) has not (hasn’t).
No, we have not (haven’t).
No, you have not (haven’t).
No, they have not (haven’t).
MODAL VERBS
Ìîäàëüíі äі ñëîâà
Äієñëîâà can (could), may (might), must (had to), should (ought
to) òà äåÿêі іíøі âіäíîñÿòüñÿ äî ãðóïè ìîäàëüíèõ äієñëіâ (Modal
Verbs). Ìîäàëüíі äієñëîâà íå âæèâàþòüñÿ ñàìîñòіéíî, à òіëüêè ó ñïî-
ëó÷åííі ç іíôіíіòèâîì îñíîâíîãî (çìіñòîâîãî) äієñëîâà. Âîíè ïîçíà÷à-
þòü ìîæëèâіñòü, çäàòíіñòü, іìîâіðíіñòü, íåîáõіäíіñòü âèêîíàííÿ äії,
ÿêà çàçíà÷àєòüñÿ îñíîâíèì äієñëîâîì.

201
He can do it himself. – Âіí ìîæå çðîáèòè öå ñàìîñòіéíî.
They may come tonight. – Ìîæëèâî, âîíè ïðèéäóòü ñüîãîäíі ââå÷å-
ðі.
I must speak to him. – ß ïîâèíåí ïîãîâîðèòè ç íèì.
I might do the shopping on Saturday. – Ìîæëèâî, ÿ ïіäó çà ïîêóï-
êàìè ó ñóáîòó.
Ìîäàëüíі äієñëîâà íå ìàþòü óñіõ ÷àñîâèõ ôîðì, ÿê іíøі äієñëîâà.
Âîíè òàêîæ íå ìàþòü íåîñîáîâèõ ôîðì äієñëîâà – іíôіíіòèâó, äієïðèê-
ìåòíèêіâ І òà ІІ òà ãåðóíäіþ.
Ìîäàëüíі äієñëîâà can òà may ìàþòü ôîðìè òåïåðіøíüîãî òà ìèíó-
ëîãî ÷àñіâ: can – could, may – might.
Ìîäàëüíå äієñëîâî must ìàє ëèøó ôîðìó òåïåðіøíüîãî ÷àñó, à â
іíøèõ ÷àñîâèõ ôîðìàõ íåîáõіäíî âèêîðèñòîâóâàòè éîãî åêâіâàëåíò –
have to.
Íåîáõіäíî ïàì’ÿòàòè, ùî:
– іíôіíіòèâ, ÿêèé ñòîїòü ïіñëÿ ìîäàëüíèõ äієñëіâ, âæèâàєòüñÿ áåç
÷àñòêè to. (Âèíÿòîê: ìîäàëüíå äієñëîâî ought to.)
Íàïðèêëàä:
I can do it. – Òè ìîæåø öå çðîáèòè.
You may take it. – Òè ìîæåø öå âçÿòè.
You should help him. – Òîáі âàðòî éîìó äîïîìîãòè.
But: You ought to help him. – Òîáі âàðòî éîìó äîïîìîãòè.
– Ó òðåòіé îñîáі îäíèíè òåïåðіøíüîãî ÷àñó ìîäàëüíі äієñëîâà íå
ìàþòü çàêіí÷åííÿ -s: He can do it. He may take it.
– Ïèòàëüíà ôîðìà óòâîðþєòüñÿ áåç âèêîðèñòàííÿ äîïîìіæíîãî
äієñëîâà to do, ïðè÷îìó ìîäàëüíå äієñëîâî ñòàâèòüñÿ ïåðåä ïіäìåòîì.
Íàïðèêëàä:
Can you do it? – ×è òè ìîæåø öå çðîáèòè?
May I take it? – ×è ìîæíà ìåíі öå âçÿòè?
Should I buy that? – ×è âàðòî ìåíі öå êóïóâàòè?
– Çàïåðå÷íà ôîðìà óòâîðþєòüñÿ çà äîïîìîãîþ çàïåðå÷íîї ÷àñòêè
not, ÿêà ïðèєäíóєòüñÿ äî ìîäàëüíîãî äієñëîâà:
He cannot (can’t) do it. He may not (mayn’t) take it.
Ó ðîçìîâíîìó ñòèëі â çàïåðå÷íіé ôîðìі çàçâè÷àé âèêîðèñòîâóþòü-
ñÿ òàêі ñêîðî÷åííÿ:
cannot = can’t
could not = couldn’t
may not = mayn’t

202
might not = mightn’t
must not = mustn’t
should not = shouldn’t
Çíà÷åííÿ äåÿêèõ ìîäàëüíèõ äі ñëіâ
CAN
Ìîäàëüíå äієñëîâî can (could) âèêîðèñòîâóєòüñÿ äëÿ ïîçíà÷åííÿ
ôіçè÷íîї ÷è ðîçóìîâîї çäàòíîñòі âèêîíàòè òó ÷è іíøó äіþ. Ïîðÿä іç
çàçíà÷åíèì ìîäàëüíèì äієñëîâîì ó ðіçíèõ ÷àñîâèõ ôîðìàõ âèêîðèñòî-
âóєòüñÿ éîãî åêâіâàëåíò – ñòðóêòóðà to be able to do something.
He can read very well. – Âіí óìіє ÷èòàòè äóæå äîáðå.
He could swim very well when he was young. – Âіí óìіâ äîáðå ïëàâà-
òè, êîëè áóâ ìîëîäèì.
MAY / MIGHT
Ìîäàëüíå äієñëîâî may / might âèêîðèñòîâóєòüñÿ äëÿ ïîçíà÷åííÿ
äîçâîëó âèêîíàòè òó ÷è іíøó äіþ, à òàêîæ äëÿ âèñëîâëåííÿ éìîâіðíîñ-
òі âèêîíàííÿ òієї ÷è іíøîї äії:
You may take my dictionary. – Òè ìîæåø ñêîðèñòàòèñÿ ìîїì ñëîâ-
íèêîì.
He may / might know her address. – Ìîæëèâî, âіí çíàє її àäðåñó.
MUST
Ìîäàëüíå äієñëîâî must âèêîðèñòîâóєòüñÿ äëÿ âèñëîâëåííÿ íåîá-
õіäíîñòі âèêîíàííÿ òієї ÷è іíøîї äії (çãіäíî іñíóþ÷èõ ïðàâèë):
You must go there tomorrow. – Òè ïîâèíåí ñõîäèòè òóäè çàâòðà.
SHOULD
Ìîäàëüíå äієñëîâî should âèêîðèñòîâóєòüñÿ äëÿ âèñëîâëåííÿ ïîðà-
äè, ðåêîìåíäàöії ùîäî âèêîíàííÿ òієї ÷è іíøîї äії:
You should ask her for advice. – Òîáі âàðòî çâåðíóòèñÿ äî íåї çà
ïîðàäîþ.
You should consult a doctor. – Òîáі âàðòî ïîðàäèòèñÿ іç ëіêàðåì.
Іíøі çíà÷åííÿ ìîäàëüíèõ äієñëіâ âèâ÷àþòüñÿ íà íàñòóïíèõ åòàïàõ
íàâ÷àííÿ.

203
ENGLISH-UKRAINIAN VOCABULARY
ÀÍÃËÎ-ÓÊÐÀ ÍÑÜÊÈÉ ÑËÎÂÍÈÊ
A, a
ability, n /ə'bilI
əti/ çäіáíіñòü; çäàò-
íіñòü
about, prep /ə'baUt/ ïðî
abroad, adv /ə'brÁ:d/ çà êîðäîíîì
accessory, n /ək'sesəri/ àêñåñóàð
accident, n /'{ksI
ədənt/ àâàðіÿ,
êàòàñòðîôà
across, prep /ə'krÁs/ /'ə'krÁ:s/ ÷åðåç
active, adj /'{ktIv/ àêòèâíèé, æâàâèé
activity, n /{k'tIvI
əti/ äіÿëüíіñòü
add, v /{d/ äîäàâàòè
addition, n /ə'dISən/ äîäàòîê
admiral, n /'{dmərəl/ àäìіðàë
admire, v /əd'maIə/ ìèëóâàòèñÿ
adventure, n /əd'ventSə/ ïðèãîäà
advertisement, n /ad'v :tI
əsmənt/
îãîëîøåííÿ
advice, n /əd'vaIs/ ïîðàäà
aeroplane, n /'eərəpleIn/ ëіòàê
afterwards, adv /'¸ftəwədz/ îïіñëÿ
again, adv /ə'gen/ çíîâó
agree with smb, phr /ə'gr / ïîãî-
äæóâàòèñÿ ç êèìîñü
agree, v /ə'gr / ïîãîäæóâàòèñÿ
air, n /eə/ ïîâіòðÿ
airport, n /'eəpþt/ àåðîïîðò
almost, adv /'þlməUst/ ìàéæå
along, prep /ə'lÁÎ/ âçäîâæ
although, conj /þl'DəU/ õî÷à
always, adv /'þlwI
əz/ çàâæäè
amusing, adj /ə'mjüzIÎ/ çàõîïëþþ÷èé
ancient, adj /'eInSənt/ ñòàðîäàâíіé
answer, n /'¸nsə/ âіäïîâіäü
answer, v /'¸nsə/ âіäïîâіäàòè
anyway, adv /'eniweI/ ó áóäü-ÿêîìó
âèïàäêó
appear, v /ə'pIə/ ç’ÿâëÿòèñÿ
appearance, n /ə'pIərəns/ çîâíіø-
íіñòü
aqualung, n /'{kwəlöÎ/ àêâàëàíã
architect, n /'¸kI
ət ekt/ àðõіòåêòîð
architecture, n /'¸kI
ət ekt Sə/ àðõіòåê-
òóðà
area, n /'eəriə/ òåðèòîðіÿ
armoured, adj /'¸məd/ îçáðîєíèé
around, prep /ə'raUnd/ íàâêîëî
arrive, v /ə'raIv/ ïðèáóâàòè
art gallery, phr /¸t/ /'g{ləri/ õó-
äîæíÿ ãàëåðåÿ
Art, n /¸t/ óðîê ìàëþâàííÿ
artistic, adj /¸'tIstIk/ õóäîæíіé
at weekends, phr /ət'w kəndz/ íà âè-
õіäíèõ
athlete, n /'{Tl t/ àòëåò
athletics, n /{T'letIks/ àòëåòèêà
attached, adj /ə't{tSt/ ïðèêðіïëåíà
іíôîðìàöіÿ
attend, v /ə'tend/ âіäâіäóâàòè
attendant, n /ə'tendənt/ îñîáà, ùî
ñóïðîâîäèòü; ñóïðîâіäíèê
attract, v /ə'tr{kt/ ïðèâàáëþâàòè
attraction, n /ə'tr{kSən/ àòðàêöіîí,
ìіñöå äëÿ ðîçâàã
aunt, n /¸nt/ òіòêà
awful, adj /'þfəl/ æàõëèâèé
B, b
bacon, n /'beIkən/ áåêîí
baked potato, phr /beIkt pə'teItəU/
ïå÷åíà êàðòîïëÿ
baker’s, n /'beIkəz/ õëіáíèé ìàãàçèí
bakery, n /'beIkəri/ õëіáíèé ìàãà-
çèí

204
baking soda, phr /'beIkIÎ 'səUdə/
ñîäà äëÿ âèïі÷êè
bank, n /b{Îk/ áåðåã
banknote, n /'b{ÎknəUt/ êðåäèò-
íèé áіëåò, áàíêíîò
bark, v /b¸k/ ãàâêàòè
basketball, n /'b¸skI
ət bþl/ áàñêåòáîë
be afraid of smth, phr /bi ə'freId əv/
áîÿòèñÿ ÷îãîñü
be bored, phr /bi'bþd/ íóäüãóâàòè
be born, phr /bi'bþn/ íàðîäèòèñÿ
be fond of, phr /bi 'fÁnd əv/ ëþáèòè
be full of, phr /bi 'fUl əv/ áóòè íàïîâ-
íåíèì
be good at, phr /bi 'gUd ət/ âìіòè
äîáðå ðîáèòè ùîñü
be interested in, phr /bi 'IntrI
əst I
əd In/
öіêàâèòèñü
be late for, phr /bi 'leIt fə/ çàïіçíþ-
âàòèñÿ íà
be lined with, phr /bi 'laInd wID/
áóòè îáñàäæåíèì
be located, phr /bi lə'keItId/ ðîçòà-
øîâóâàòèñü
be proud of, phr /bi 'praUd əv/
ïèøàòèñÿ
be situated, phr /bi 'sItjueItId/ ðîç-
òàøîâóâàòèñü
beach, n /b tS/ óçáåðåææÿ
bean, n /b n/ áiá
beautifully, adv /'bjütI
əfəli/ êðàñèâî
beauty, n /'bjüti/ êðàñà
behind, prep /bI'haInd/ ïîçàäó
bench, n /bentS/ ëàâèöÿ
besides, adv /bI'saIdz/ îêðіì
billion, n /'bIljən/ ìіëüÿðä
Biology, n /baI'ÁlədZi/ óðîê áіîëîãії
birthplace, n /'b :TpleIs/ ìіñöå íàðî-
äæåííÿ
bitter, adj /'bItə/ ãіðêèé
blouse, n /blaUz/ áëóçà
board game, phr /'bþd "geIm/ íà-
ñòîëüíà ãðà
boating, n /'bəUtIÎ/ êàòàòèñÿ (ïëà-
âàòè) íà ÷îâíі
boiled meat, phr /'bOIld "m t/ âàðåíå
ì’ÿñî
boldprint, n /'bəUld "prInt/ íàäðóêî-
âàíe æèðíèì øðèôòîì
bone, n /bəUn/ êіñòêà
book in advance, phr /bUk/ /əd'v¸ns/
çàìîâëÿòè çàçäàëåãіäü
boots, n /büt/ ÷îáiò
bottle, n /'bÁtl/ ïëÿøêà
bowl, n /bəυl/ ïîëóìèñîê
boxing, n /'bÁksIÎ/ áîêñ
bread roll, n /'bred"rÁl/ áóëî÷êa
bread, n /bred/ õëіá
breakfast, n /'brekfəst/ ñíіäàíîê
breathe in, phr /br D In/ äèõàòè
bridge, n /brIdZ/ ìіñò
brief, adj /br f/ êîðîòêèé
brilliant, adj /'brIljənt/ ÷óäîâèé
brochure, n /'brəUSə/ áðîøóðà
broth, n /brÁT/ áóëüîí
brother, n /'bröDə/ áðàò
building, n /'bIldIÎ/ áóäіâëÿ
bunch, n /böntS/ áóêåò
burger, n /'b :gə/ áóðãåð
bus driver, phr /bös'draIvə/ âîäіé
àâòîáóñà
bus pass, phr /'bös"p¸s/ ïðîїçíèé
êâèòîê íà àâòîáóñ
bus stop, phr /'bös"stÁp/ çóïèíêà
àâòîáóñà
bus, n /bös/ àâòîáóñ
businessman, n /'bIznI
əsmən/ áіçíåñìåí
busy, adj /'bIzi/ çàéíÿòèé; æâàâèé
butcher’s, n /'bUtSəz/ ìÿñíèé ìàãàçèí
butter, n /'bötə/ ìàñëî
button, n /'bötn/ ´óäçèê
by heart, adv /'baI "h¸t/ íàïàì’ÿòü
C, c
calculation, n /"k{lkjI
əIleISən/ ðîçðà-
õóíoê
call, v /kþl/ äçâîíèòè
camp, n /k{mp/ òàáіð

205
can of Coke, n /kən əv 'kəUk/ áàíî÷-
êà êîêà-êîëè
canteen, n /k{n't n/ їäàëüíÿ
capital, n /'k{pI
ət l/ ñòîëèöÿ
captain, n /'k{ptI
ən/ êàïіòàí
car, n /k¸/ àâòîìîáіëü
card, n /k¸d/ êàðòêà
carefully, adv /'keəSəli/ óâàæíî;
îáåðåæíî
caring, adj /'keərIÎ/ òóðáîòëèâèé
carpet, n /'k¸pI
ət/ êèëèì
carry, v /'k{ri/ âîçèòè; ïåðåâîçè-
òè; íîñèòè
catacomb, n /'k{təküm/ êàòàêîìáà
category, n /'k{tI
əgəri/ êàòåãîðіÿ
cathedral, n /kə'T drəl/ ñîáîð
cave, n /keIv/ ïå÷åðà
celebration, n /"selI
ə 'breISən/ ñâÿòêó-
âàííÿ
cent, n /sent/ öåíò (0,01 äîëàðà);
ñòî, ñîòíÿ
centre, n /'sentə/ öåíòð
century, n /'sentSəri/ ñòîëіòòÿ
cereal, n /'sIəriəl/ 1) õëіáíèé çëàê;
2) çåðíîâі; 3) âіâñÿíêà, âіâñÿíà
êàøà; 2. adj õëіáíèé, çåðíîâèé
certainly, adv /'s :tnli/ çâè÷àéíî
chalk, n /tSþk/ êðåéäà
champion, n /'tS{mpiən/ ÷åìïіîí
change, n /tSeIndZ/ çäà÷à
change, v /tSeIndZ/ ðîçìіíþâàòè,
ìіíÿòè
charming, adj /'tS¸mIÎ/ ìèëîâèäíèé
chart, n /tS¸t/ ñõåìà, òàáëèöÿ
cheap, adj /tS p/ äåøåâèé
cheerful, adj /'tSIəfəl/ âåñåëèé
chemist’s, n /'kemI
əst s/ àïòåêà
chestnut tree, n /'tSesnöt/ êàøòàí
chicken, n, adj /'tSIkI
ən/ êóðêà;
êóðÿ÷èé
chocolate, n /'tSÁklI
ət/ øîêîëàä
choice, n /tSOIs/ âèáіð
choose food item, phr /tSüz/ âèáè-
ðàòè їæó (íàïð. ç ìåíþ)
choose, v /tSüz/ âèáèðàòè
chop, v /tSÁp/ íàðіçóâàòè; êðèøè-
òè; øàòêóâàòè
church, n /tS :tS/ öåðêâà
cinema, n /'sInI
əmə/ êіíîòåàòð
citizen, n /'sItI
əzən/ ãðîìàäÿíèí
city, n /'sIti/ ìіñòî
classmate, n /'kl¸smeIt/ îäíîêëàñ-
íèê
clearly, adv /'klIəli/ ÷іòêî; ÿñíî
climate, n /'klaImI
ət/ êëіìàò
climb, v /klaIm/ ëàçèòè
clothes, n /kləUDz/ îäÿã
clothing, n /'kləUDIÎ/ îäÿã
coach, n /kəUtS/ òðåíåð
coast, n /kəUst/ óçáåðåææÿ
cocoa powder, phr /'kəUkəU 'paUdə/
êàêàî ïîðîøîê
cocoa, n /'kaUkəU/ êàêàî
coffee, n /'kÁfi/ êàâà
coin, n /kOIn/ ìîíåòà
cold cuts, n /kəUld köts/ íàðіçêà
collect, v /kə'lekt/ çáèðàòè
collection, n /kə'lekSən/ êîëåêöіÿ
colourful, adj /'köləfəl/ êîëüîðîâèé
come up, phr /köm öp/ ïіäõîäèòè
comfort, n /'kömfət/ êîìôîðò,
çðó÷íіñòü
comfortable, adj /'kömftəbəl/ çðó÷-
íèé
comfortably, adv /'kömftəbli/ çðó÷íî
communicate with smb, phr /kə'm-
jünI
əkeIt/ ñïіëêóâàòèñÿ ç êè-
ìîñü
community, n /kə'mjünI
ət i/ ñïіëüíî-
òà; îáùèíà
company, n /'kömpəni/ êîìïàíіÿ
compare, v /kəm'peə/ ïîðіâíþâàòè
compartment, n /kəm'p¸tmənt/
êóïå
competition, n /"kÁmpI
ə't ISən/ çìà-
ãàííÿ
complete, v, adj /kəm'pl t/ äîïî-
âíþâàòè; äîïîâíåíèé
compote, n /'kÁmpÁt/ êîìïîò
Computer Studies, n /kəm'pjütə
'stödIz/ óðîê іíôîðìàòèêè
concert hall, n /'kÁnsət "hþl/ êîí-
öåðòíà çàëà
condition, n /kən'dISən/ óìîâà

206
conductor, n /kən'döktə/ êîíäóê-
òîð; êîíòðîëåð
confectionery, n /kən'fekSnəri/ êîí-
äèòåðñüêèé (ìàãàçèí, âіääіë)
confident, adj /'kÁnfI
ədənt/ âïåâíå-
íèé
connect, v /kə'nekt/ ç’єäíóâàòè
connecting line, phr /kə'nektIÎ "laIn/
ç’єäíóâàëüíà ëіíіÿ
constantly, adv /'kÁnstəntli/ ïîñòіé-
íî
construction, n /kən'strökSən/ áóäіâ-
íèöòâî
contain, v /kən'teIn/ ìіñòèòè
contest, n /'kÁntest/ çìàãàííÿ
continent, n /'kÁntI
ənənt/ êîíòèíåíò
convenient, adj /kən'v niənt/ çðó÷-
íèé
conversation, n /"kÁnvə'seISən/ ðîç-
ìîâà
convince, v /kən'vIns/ çàïåâíÿòè
cookie, n /'kUki/ ïå÷èâî
cooking, n /'kUkIÎ/ ïðèãîòóâàííÿ
їæі
cornflakes, n, pl /'kþnfleIks/ êóêó-
ðóäçÿíі ïëàñòіâöі
correct, adj /kə'rekt/ ïðàâèëüíèé
cost, v /kÁst/ êîøòóâàòè
costume, n /'kÁstjUm/ êîñòþì
cottage cheese, phr /'kÁtIdZ "tS z/
äîìàøíіé ñèð
country, n /'köntri/ êðàїíà
couple, n /'köpəl/ ïàðà
cover, v /'kövə/ ïîêðèâàòè
craft, n /kr¸ft/ 1) ðåìåñëî; 2) óìі-
ëіñòü, âïðàâíіñòü, ìàéñòåð-
íіñòü; ñïðèòíіñòü
creamy soup, phr /'kr mi "süp/ ñóï-
ïþðå
creamy, adj /'kr mi/ ïþðå
creature, n /'kr tSə/ ñòâîðіííÿ
cricket, n /'krIkI
ət / êðіêåò (âèä
ñïîðòó)
crossing, n /′krÁsIÎ/ ïåðåõіä
crowded, adj /′kraUdI
əd/ çàïîâíå-
íèé ëþäüìè
cultural difference, phr /'költSərəl
'dIfərəns/ êóëüòóðíà âіäìіííіñòü
culture, n /'költSə/ êóëüòóðà
curious, adj /'kjUəriəs/ äîïèòëèâèé
currency, n /'körənsi/ âàëþòà
customer, n /'köstəmə/ ïîêóïåöü
cutlet, n /'kötlI
ət/ êîòëåòà
cycling, n /'saIklIÎ/ âåëîñèïåäíèé
ñïîðò
D, d
daffodil, n /′d{fədIl/ íàðöèñ
dairy, n /'deəri/ ìîëî÷íèé ìàãàçèí
dancing, n /'d¸nsI / òàíöі
dark, adj /d¸k/ òåìíèé
date back, phr /'deIt "b{k/ äàòóâà-
òèñÿ
date of birth, phr /'deIt əv "b :T/ äàòà
íàðîäæåííÿ
daughter, n /'dþtə/ äîíüêà
dear, adj /dIə/ äîðîãèé
decide, v /dI'saId/ âèðіøóâàòè
decorated, adj /'dekəreItId/ ïðèêðà-
øåíèé
decorate, v /'dekəreIt/ ïðèêðàøàòè
definition, n /"defI
ənISən/ âèçíà÷åííÿ
deli (department), n /'deli/ âіääіë
íàðіçêè
delicious, adj /dI'lISəs/ ñìà÷íèé
deliver, v /dI'lIvə/ äîñòàâëÿòè
department store, phr /dI'p¸tmənt
stþ/ óíіâåðìàã
department, n /dI′p¸tmənt/ âіääіë
(ó ìàãàçèíі)
depend on, v /dI'pend/ çàëåæàòè
âіä
describe, v /dI'skraIb/ îïèñóâàòè
desert, n /'dezət/ ïóñòåëÿ
design, n /dI'zaIn/ äèçàéí

207
designer, n /dI'zaInə/ äèçàéíåð
dessert, n /dI'z :t/ äåñåðò
detail, n /'d teIl/ äåòàëü
develop, v /dI'veləp/ ðîçâèâàòè
dialogue, n /'daIəlÁg/ äіàëîã
dictation, n /dIk'teISən/ äèêòàíò
different, adj /'dIfərənt/ ðіçíèé
difficult, adj /'dIfIkəlt/ âàæêèé
dig, v /dIg/ êîïàòè
dining-car, n /'daInIÎ k¸/ âàãîí-
ðåñòîðàí
dinner, n /'dInə/ îáіä, âå÷åðÿ
dinosaur, n /'daInəsþ/ äèíîçàâð
disagree, v /"dIsə'gr / íå ïîãîäæó-
âàòèñÿ
discover, v /dis'kövə/ âіäêðèâàòè
discuss, v /dI'skös/ îáãîâîðþâàòè;
äèñêóòóâàòè
dish, n /dIS/ ñòðàâà, áëþäî
display, v /dIs'pleI/ âèñòàâëÿòè
distance, n /'dIstəns/ âіäñòàíü
dive, v /daIv/ ïіðíàòè
divide, v /dI
ə'vaId/ äіëèòè; ðîçëіäÿòè
do a pull-up, phr /pUl/ ïåðåòÿãóâà-
òè
do karate, phr /kə'r¸ti/ çàéìàòèñÿ
êàðàòå
do the shopping, phr /'SÁpIÎ/ ðîáè-
òè ïîêóïêè
dollar, n /'dÁlə/ äîëàð
double-decker, n /"döbəl'dekə/ äàáë-
äåêåð (äâîïîâåðõîâèé àâòîáóñ
ó Âåëèêіé Áðèòàíії)
dough, n /dəU/ 1) òіñòî; 2) ïàñòà,
ãóñòà ìàñà
Drama, n /'dr¸mə/ óðîê àêòîð-
ñüêîї ìàéñòåðíîñòі
dream, v /dr m/ ìðіÿòè
dream, n /dr m/ ìðіÿ
during, prep /'djUərIÎ/ ïіä ÷àñ
E, e
Earth, n / :T/ Çåìëÿ (ïëàíåòà)
earthquake, n /' :TkweIk/ çåìëå-
òðóñ
easy, adj /' zi/ ëåãêèé, ëåãêî
eat smth for … (breakfast, etc) / t/
їñòè ùîñü íà … (ñíіäàíîê, і ò. ä.)
either … or, phr /'aIDə/ ÷è … ÷è
elderly, adv /'eldəli/ ïîõèëîãî âіêó
else, adv /els/ ùå
email, n /' meIl/ åëåêòðîííèé ëèñò
emotion, n /I'məUSənəl/ åìîöіÿ
encourage, v /in'körIdZ/ çàîõî÷óâà-
òè
encyclopaedia, n /in"saIklə'p dIə/
åíöèêëîïåäіÿ
energetic, adj /"enə'dZetik/ åíåðãіé-
íèé
energy, n /"enədZi/ åíåðãіÿ
engineer, n /"endZI
ənIə/ іíæåíåð
English, n /'IÎglIS/ óðîê àíãëіé-
ñüêîї ìîâè
enjoy doing smth, phr /In'dZOI/
íàñîëîäæóâàòèñü ÷èìîñü
entertain, v /"entə'teIn/ ðîçâàæàòè
entertainment, n /"entə'teInmənt/
ðîçâàãà
entrance, n /'entr¸ns/ âõіä
everyone, pron /'evriwön/ êîæíèé
everything, pron /'evriTIÎ/ âñå
exact, adj /Ig'z{kt/ òî÷íèé
example, n /Ig'z¸mpəl/ ïðèêëàä
excellent, adj /'eksələnt/ ÷óäîâèé
excitedly, adv /Ik'saItI
əd/ çáóäæåíî
exciting, adj /Ik'saItIÎ/ 1) çáóäæóþ-
÷èé; õâèëþþ÷èé; 2) çàõîïëþþ-
÷èé; çâîðóøëèâèé
excursion, n /Ik'skÆ:Sən/ åêñêóðñіÿ
excuse, v /Ik'skjüz/ âèáà÷àòèñü
exhibit, v /Ig'zIbI
ət/ âèñòàâëÿòè íà
ïîêàç
exist, v /Ig'zist/ іñíóâàòè
exotic, adj /Ig'zÁtik/ åêçîòè÷íèé
expensive, adj /Ik'sp{nsIv/ äîðî-
ãèé; êîøòîâíèé
experience, n /Ik'spIəriəns/ äîñâіä
explain, v /Ik'spleIn/ ïîÿñíþâàòè

208
explore, v /Ik'splþ/ äîñëіäæóâàòè
explorer, n /Ik'splþrə/ äîñëіäíèê
express smb’s opinion, phr /Ik'spres/
âèñëîâëþâàòè ÷èþñü äóìêó
express, v /Ik'spres/ âèðàæàòè
exterior, n /Ik'stIəriə/ åêñòåð’єð,
çîâíіøíіé âèãëÿä
extremely, adv /Ik'str mli/ íàäçâè-
÷àéíî
F, f
fair, adj /feə/ ñâіòëèé (ïðî âîëîñ-
ñÿ)
fairy, n /'feəri/ ôåÿ
false, adj /fþls/ íåïðàâèëüíèé
family, n /'f{məli/ ñіì’ÿ, ðîäèíà
famous, adj /'feiməs/ âіäîìèé
fantastic, adj /f{n't{stIk/ ôàíòàñ-
òè÷íèé; äèâîâèæíèé
fare, n /feə/ ïëàòà çà ïðîїçä
fascinating, adj /'f{sI
əneIt IÎ/ ÷àðіâ-
íèé, ÷àðіâëèâèé; ÷àðіâíè÷èé;
ïðèíàäíèé
fast food, phr /f¸st/ /füd/ їæà
øâèäêîãî ïðèãîòóâàííÿ
fast, adj /f¸st/ øâèäêèé
favourite, adj /'feIvərI
ət/ óëþáëåíèé
feature, n /'f tSə/ ðèñà
feel, v /f l/ âіä÷óâàòè; ïî÷óâàòèñÿ
feet, n /f t/ ñòóïíі
festival, n /'festI
əvəl/ ôåñòèâàëü;
ñâÿòêóâàííÿ
field, n /f ld/ ïîëå
figure skating, n /'figə 'skeItIÎ/
ôіãóðíå êàòàííÿ
find, v (found, found) /faInd/ çíà-
õîäèòè
fire, n /faIə/ âîãîíü
fish fillet, phr /fIS/ /'fIlI
ət/ ôіëå ðèáè
fishmonger’s, n /'fISmöÎgəz/ ðèá-
íèé ìàãàçèí
flag, n /fl{g/ ïðàïîð
flavour, n /'fleIvə/ íàïîâíþâà÷
floor, n /flþ/ ïîâåðõ
flour, n /flaυə/ ìóêà
flow, v /fləU/ òåêòè
flower, n /'flaUə/ êâіòêà
fly away, v /'flaI ə'wei/ âіäëіòàòè
flying saucer, n /'flaI-IÎ/ /'sþsə/ ëі-
òàþ÷à òàðіëêà
foot, n /fUt/ ñòóïíÿ
forest, n /'fÁrI
əst / ëіñ
form, n /fþm/ ôîðìà
fortification, n /"fþtI
əfI
ə'keISən/ ôîð-
òèôіêàöіéíå óêðіïëåííÿ
fortress, n /'fþtrI
əs/ ôîðòåöÿ
free time, phr /fr / âіëüíèé ÷àñ
French, n /frentS/ óðîê ôðàíöóçü-
êîї ìîâè
fresco, n /'freskəU/ ôðåñêà
fresh, adj /freS/ ñâіæèé
fried, adj /fraId/ ñìàæåíèé
friend, n /frend/ òîâàðèø, äðóã
frosty, adj /'frÁsti/ ìîðîçíèé
fruit, n /früt/ ôðóêò, -è
fun, n /fön/ ðîçâàãà
G, g
garden, n /'g¸dn/ ñàä
gardening, n /'g¸dnIÎ/ ñàäіâíèöòâî
garlic, n /'g¸lIk/ ÷àñíèê
general, n /"dZenərəl/ ãåíåðàë
Geography, n /dZi'Ágrəfi/ óðîê ãåî-
ãðàôії
get on well with smb, phr /get/ äîáðå
ëàäèòè ç êèìîñü
give smb a break, phr /gIv/ íàäàòè
êîìóñü âіäïî÷èíîê (ïåðåðâó)

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