The SAT Reasoning Test consists of three sections - Mathematics, Writing, and Critical Reading. The Mathematics section contains multiple choice and student-produced response questions testing concepts like algebra and geometry. The Writing section evaluates improving sentences, identifying errors, and improving paragraphs with grammar and style questions. The Critical Reading section includes sentence completion and passage-based reading questions requiring vocabulary and comprehension skills. Thorough preparation is needed by practicing sample questions, keeping a study schedule, and taking mock exams to identify weaknesses.