This document discusses various cloud formation processes and types of precipitation. It explains that temperature changes during cloud formation can be adiabatic. Orographic lifting and frontal wedging are processes where air is forced to rise over geographic features or air masses. Convergence and localized convergence involve the coming together of air masses. Condensation allows water vapor to change to liquid water droplets. The main cloud types are categorized by height as high, middle, and low clouds. Fog forms through similar cooling processes as clouds near the surface. Cold cloud precipitation involves freezing nuclei while warm cloud precipitation relies on collisions. Rain, snow, sleet, glaze and hail are different forms of precipitation.

1. Clouds and Precipitation
By: Jeannine Carcifi
http://www.weatherreport.com/Local-
weather-forecasts-Cloud-Reading.asp

2. Adiabatic Temperature changes and
Expansion and Cooling
• Temperature Changes its not always the same,
even if temperature rises or drops this is
called adiabatic temperature changes
• When adiabatic is cool or heated In
unsaturated air it is called (dry) adiabatic rate
• Adiabatic cooling or heating in unsaturated air
is, wet adiabatic rate
hwww.akts.com/time-to-maximum-rate-
adiabatic/runaway-reactions-akts-thermal-
safety-software.htmlttp://

3. Orographic Lifting
• Air occurs when elevated terrains, for
example: mountains, act as barriers to air
flow, forcing the air to ascend. This is
Orographic Lifting.
http://www.examiner.com/outdoorsman-in-
salt-lake-city/understanding-why-utah-has-the-
greatest-snow-on-earth-part-1-orographic-
lifting

4. Frontal Wedging
• When cold dense air acts as a barrier over
warmer, less dense air rises this is called
Frontal Wedging
http://www.geography.hunter.cuny.edu/~tbw/
wc.notes/4.moisture.atm.stability/frontal_we
dging.htm

5. Convergence
• Convergence is when two things come
together
http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/the_antarctic_
convergenc

6. Localized Convergence
• Localized Convergence Is unequal heating of
earths surface warms one part of the air more
then the other air around it. Lowering the
density.
http://www.cmth.ph.ic.ac.uk/people/p.haynes/pap
ers/paper14/node7.html

7. Condensation
• When condensation occurs in the air above
the ground, tiny bits of particular matter,
called condensation nuclei, served as surfaces
for water vapor condensation
http://keep3.sjfc.edu/students/kes00898/e-
port/condensation%20page%20for%20unit.ht
mla

8. Types of clouds
• Cirrus, they occur as patches or as delicate veil
like sheets or extended wispy fibers that often
have a feathery appearance. There also called “A
curl of hair”
• Cumulus, they have flat base and the
appearance of rising domes or towers. They are
also called “a pile”
• Clouds are best described as sheets pr layers that
cover much or all of the sky. There maybe minor
breaks, there are no district individual cloud units
this is called (Stratus) it is also called “A layer”

9. High clouds
• There are three High clouds, there called
Cirrus, Cirrostratus, and Cirroculumus
http://www.bigbranch.net/high%20clouds.htm

10. Middle clouds
• Middle clouds are clouds that appear to be in
the range of 2000 or 6000 meters.
Middle clouds

11. Low clouds
• There are three members in the cloud family
there called Stratus, Stratocumulus, and him
bostratus they produce light
http://www.atmos.illinois.edu/earths_atmosp
here/clouds.html

12. Clouds of Vertical Development
• Some clouds do not fit into any of there three
height categories mentioned. Once upward
movement is triggered, acceleration is
powerful, and clouds with great vertical range
httpww.pilotfriend.com/av_weather/meteo/cl
oud://ws.htm
form.
httpww.pilotfriend.co
m/av_weather/meteo
/cloud:/

13. Fog
• Fog and clouds are the same but the place of
formation is different cloud results when rises
and cools adiabatically. Most fogs are the
result of radiation cooling or the movement of
air to bring about saturation.
• Fogs caused by cooling when warm, moist air
from the pacific ocean moves over the cold
California current and then is carried on shore
by prevailing winds,

14. Cold Cloud Precipitation
• Theory that relates the formation of
precipitation to super cooled clouds, freezing
nuclei, and the different saturation levels of
ice and liquid water
• Water that’s a liquid that is below 0 is said to
be supercooler, Supercooler water will readily
freeze if it touches a solid object this is called
The Bergeron process.

15. Warm Cloud Precipitation
• Raindrop formation in warm clouds in which
large cloud droplets collide and join together
with smaller droplets to form a raindrop, this
is cloud precitation.

16. Rain and Snow
• At very low, when the moisture content of air is small
light, fluff snow made up of individual six sided ice
crystals form, This is rain and Snow.
• http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-65745589/stock-
photo-heavy-cloud-with-rain-and-sres-d-rendered-
icon-with-clipping-patnow-hi-hs.html

17. Sleet, Glaze, and Hail
• Sleet is the fall of small particles of clear to
translucent ice. Glaze is also known as freezing
rain results when rain drops become super
cooler. Hail Is produced in cumulonimbus
clouds.

18. This is the ending, hope you enjoyed all 17
of my slides 