2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
38.Climate Chage.pdf
1. Sujit K. Sarkar, P.Eng.
Sujit K. Sarkar, P.Eng.
BSG Engieneering Business Solutions Group
www.bsgengineering.com ;
Sujit K. Sarkar, P.Eng. is the Director of Technology
& Research for BSG Engineering. He has 39+
years experience which include the development of
three new technologies (Sulfire, BFU and Enhanced
BFU), filing patents in Canada and the USA for BFU
and Enhanced BFU, strategies for the reduction of
greenhouse gases and SO2 for the upstream oil
and gas industry for the Province of Alberta. Sujit
coauthored Technical and Cost Evaluation “Option
for Reducing Methane and VOC Emissions from
Upstream Oil and Gas Operation” for Canadian
Association of Petroleum Producers, December
1993. His practical knowledge comes from direct
hands on engineering and project management
experience for 44 major clients around the globe
including the development of specifications, start-up
and shutdown logics, feasibility and economic
studies, process simulations, design engineering,
procurement, commissioning and troubleshooting of
process fired heaters, boilers and auxiliary
equipment (fans, air preheaters, sootblowers and all
instruments and controls), major methanol and
hydrogen plant projects, revamps and retro-fittings
for new service or environmental compliance for
process furnaces and combustion systems (Rotary
Kiln for hazardous waste), industrial and power
boilers and all auxiliary systems (pulverizers, air
preheaters, fuel and ash handling system, SO2
scrubbing units and sootblowers), hydrogen and
ammonia reformers, flare and burnpit systems,
Hazard and Operability studies for heaters, boilers
and flares. Sujit’s, experience in the field of
combustion covers the entire range of fuels and fuel
handling systems for coal, oil, gas, hazardous
waste and all associated instrument controls. He is
intimately familiar with all types of Low NOx
combustion equipment. Projects supported were
worldwide in scope and supply, using the latest
applicable codes and standards for North America
and Europe.
GN – La Revista de Gas Natural
The title of this paper “The Petrochemical
Industry and the Climate Change” implies that there
is a direct link between the two and the current
devastations caused by the climate change
somehow can be blamed on the Petrochemical
Industry. It is a well known fact that the changes in
the climate can be directly related to the so called
Greenhouse Gases [4] (CO2, CH4, H2O etc.), but
apportioning most of the blame on human activities
alone is definitely the wrong approach. It can only be
done if we choose to ignore the results of our
findings from analysis of the ice core samples [3]
collected from the poles, which indicates that the
Earth has gone through several heating and cooling
cycles over the last 800,000 years [3], and this may
well be one of those cycles. But at the same time it
must be acknowledged the Greenhouse Gases do
have an influence on the temperature of the Earth,
and making any effort to limit our contributions
towards it must be useful.
The Greenhouse Gas that has been identified as
the major offender is CO2, which apart from being an
active radiating agent also plays a significant role as
exiter for the vast H2O (moisture) that occupies over
85% of the Greenhouse Gas volume (including
clouds). But if we consider the man made CO2 in
the Greenhouse Gas mix, which is less than 0.00022
% [3] of the total naturally emitted CO2 from the
mantle of the Earth, then mans role in influencing the
climate change becomes much clearer [3]. As for
CH4 on a molecule to molecule basis CH4 is more
than 80 times as potent as CO2, and since CH4
emissions are only reported at the first metering
station on route to a plant but not at the wellhead,
leads to wrong estimates. Similarly, the other
components of the Greenhouse Gases (NOx),
however small, need to be controlled, so as not to
make the matter any worse than it is. There are
other combustion products (SO2) which is not a
greenhouse gas but requires considerations as it
destroys the very plant life forms that help reduce the
CO2 inventory.
The Petrochemical Industry
and the Climate Change
SUJIT SARKAR
(CANADA)
2. The Petrochemical Industry and the Climate Change
2
The current trend of blaming humans for all the
disasters precipitated by climate change has to stop
and technically feasible steps to reduce the man
made contributions must be undertaken. The other
disturbing trend that is emerging is the political
infiltration into this problem, so much so that any
political candidate without a clear mandate on
climate change issues will suffer at the polls.
Everyone is routinely bombarded with images of
disasters (floods, melting ice caps) to sway public
opinion. Voices of reason are rarely heard and if they
do make a stand, they are criticized and shut down.
There is also a move to link trade policies to climate
mitigation [1] efforts for investments to be made.
Investments with a high rate of return are marketed
for environmentally green projects. These may be
the path to follow for the industrially developed West,
but do little to address the real problem of so called
“Global Warming”, which by its own title is a global
problem and not just a problem for the West.
The intent of the Kyoto Protocol [5] Climate
Change Conference was to establish a legally
binding international agreement for all the
participating nations (polluters). The whole idea was
to develop emission trading between the nations in
the way of Carbon Credits, and the establishment of
a central authority to develop business opportunities.
It failed in the sense that it is after all a global
problem that requires a global solution. Taking the
carbon credit route only restricts the activity within
the offending (participating) group with intent to
directly benefit financially from the process. For a
proposal like this to succeed, it must be based on
global sharing of information, technology and
investments that crosses all borders.
Taking the U.S.A. as an example, since it uses
almost 25% of all energy resources globally, the CO2
contribution from the Petrochemical Industry
accounts for 41% of the total CO2 emissions [2]. If
the Natural Gas Industry is added to the mix, this
changes to almost 61%. It is therefore expected that
in terms of CO2 sequestration or reduction, the
U.S.A. will lead the way in developing new
technologies. Globally the expectations will be
different, as there in no incentive for others (India,
China) to embrace any new technology until they are
well proven and financially attractive. Alternate
energy sources will not be the basis of expansion for
emerging countries like China, India, Brazil, etc. In
terms of greenhouse gas emissions the five leading
countries are as follows. The ranking by % of global
emissions [4].
Table I
1. China 17%
2. U.S.A. 16%
3. European Union 11%
4. Indonesia 6%
5. India 5%
But when average per capita emissions (tonnes
of GHG) the rankings are as follows.
Table II
1. U.S.A. 24.1
2. Indonesia 12.9
3. European Union 10.6
4. China 5.8
5. India 2.1
This trend clearly indicates that U.S. efforts to
reduce GHG will increase, while countries like India
and Indonesia etc. will contribute more and more to
GHG emissions with the growth of their middle class
and industrial base. It is quite possible that they will
choose the well proven and conventional
technologies to fuel their growth and not any new
unproven technologies.
Assuming that most of the growth in
Petrochemical demand will be in the emerging
countries (Brazil, China, India), and in general they
will follow the safe and reliable designs available to
fuel their growth, agreements to encourage them to
utilize well proven mitigating technologies must be
undertaken.
Some of the basic design approaches are as
follows:
1. For larger furnaces (radiant/convection
designs and capacities >20 million BTU/hr), targeting
fuel efficiencies higher than 85% can be used for all
natural draft operations, and fuel efficiencies higher
than 90% shall be used for forced draft units (with
capacities in the 100 to 200 million BTU/hr range).
2. Air preheat systems for achieving even
higher efficiencies (>92%) can be used for furnaces
with high fluid inlet temperatures (>600º F).
3. For smaller units that generally have
capacities < 10 million BTU/hr and designed as a
natural draft unit with fuel efficiencies around 50%, a
number of them can be grouped together and the
combined hot flue gases cooled through a common
convection section.
4. The CO2 from the flue gases can be purified
and used for other processes, by incorporating a
CO2 recovery plant next to it. There are some
companies who will build the CO2 recovery plant at
their own expense provided there is a sufficient
quantity of CO2 in the flue gas system (> 100
Tons/day) and access to utilities for their plant.
5. As for NOX, there are several options
available, starting from the use of Low or Ultra Low
NOX burners to keeping the firebox heat density
lower (9000 BTU/ft³ of furnace volume). For larger
furnaces with air preheat systems and balanced draft
designs incorporating an SCR (Selective Catalytic
Reduction) System can be used to reduce NOX well
below guidelines set for these designs (0.1 lb/million
BTU heat rebase for gas or 0.12 lb/million BTU heat
release for liquid fuels.
3. The Petrochemical Industry and the Climate Change
3
6. For fuel with Sulphur the SO2 can be
scrubbed by bubbling the flue gases through CaCO3
beds for very large combustion units. For smaller
systems amine scrubbers may be used.
7. Where possible flaring design should include
allowance for containing the purged/vent gas within
the piping system, and reused at a later time. Flaring
is a must in an emergency, but for routine tests or
plant stoppages containing the vent gas within the
plant system for use later can be incorporated.
8. Use of better quality seals (double seals) for
pumps and compressors to prevent fugitive
emissions can be utilized.
9. More accurate self checking type instruments
can be used for higher efficiencies and reliability of
operating units.
10. Carbon capture and sequestration
technologies can be considered to reduce its
environmental footprint.
In conclusion it can be said that:
Blaming the whole environmental catastrophe on
humans is definitely the wrong approach. At the
same time as the lesser Greenhouse Gas emitting
countries begin to grow, they should be encouraged
to limit their contribution to maintain equilibrium. Man
made problems do contribute to the overall
temperature shift and every effort to limit the damage
must be undertaken.
References:
[1] Climate Change and Energy
www.iisd.org/climate/
[2] ANNEX 2 Methodology and Data for
Estimating CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel
Combustion – Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas
Emissions and Sinks 1990-2008
[3] Climate Change is Natural: 100 reasons why
www.dailyexpress.co.uk/posts/view/146138
[4] Greenhouse Gas – Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas
[5] Ethical Investing “The Green Guide”
2009/2010
[6] Methane and VOC emissions from upstream
Oil and Gas Industry in Alberta (1991) By S. K
.Sarkar P.Eng. And David Picard P.Eng. A “CAPP”
report for Alberta.
[7] Personal files and experience of Mr. S. K.
Sarkar P.Eng. (1970-2010)
Sujit K. Sarkar
Over 40 years of experience in the “EPC”
industry, specializing in combustion heat transfer
equipment design, engineering and construction.
Holder of several patents in North America and
Europe for the processing of heavy oil and safety
devices.