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Chapter 15
Mortgage
Calculations
Finance
Time
Risk
What would you rather
have?
1,000 in 5 years
or
2,000 in 10 years?
What would you rather
have?
Depends on the
discount rate
Years FV 10% 20%
5 1,000 620.92 401.88
10 2,000 771.09 323.01
Five Characteristics
payment amount & frequency
loan balance
lender’s yield (IRR)
effective borrowing cost
present value of the debt
Loan Balance
calculate the present value of
the remaining payments
Loan Balance
100,000 at 30 years at 10%
PMT 10,607
After 10 years?
20 years at 10% at 10,607
PV 90,303
LenderYield (IRR)
100,000 at 30 years at 10%
PMT 10,607
Points 5,000
95,000 at 30 years at 10,607
i = 10.63%
Chapter 16
Commercial
Mortgages
Commercial vs.
Residential
more risk
shorter terms
higher down LTV
non-recourse
Commercial Loans
Construction Loan
Permanent Loan
The Note
payment amount and timing
penalties for late payments
insurance
maintenance
default
Interest Only
pay only interest
pay principal balance at
maturity
“bullet loan”
Balloon Mortgage
amortize over 25-30 years
maturity 5-15 years
must be prepared to payoff
loan at maturity
Ratios
LTV - loan to value ratio
loan ÷ value
DCR - debt coverage ratio
NOI ÷ debt service
DCR
1.3 to 1.5
how much NOI is there
available to make the debt
payment?
cushion to cover
Chapter 18
Investment Decision
Ratios
Yield Analysis
How can you improve yield?
Leverage
Leverage
Using other people’s
money to make more
money on my money.
Leverage
Leverage
Leverage
Two Elements
Equity - owner
Debt - lender
Yield Analysis
Purchase Price 1,000,000
NOI 100,000
Overall Rate 10.0%
Loan 750,000
Years 30
Rate 8.0%
Payment 66,621
Yield Analysis
Debt 750,000 66,621 8.9%
Equity 250,000 33,379 13.4%
Total 1,000,000 100,000 10.0%
Value NOI Rate
ExcelYield Analysis
Effective Gross Income
Multiplier
Price ÷ EGI
Operating Expense
Ratio
Expenses ÷ EGI
Report Hints
Cost Approach
Neighborhood
Land Rates - C21
Building Rates
Office
Retail
Construction Rates
Per Square Meter
Retail - one level: 1,000 - 1,400
Retail - 2+ levels: 1,200 - 1,800
Office: 1,500 - 1,800
Source:Altaweed Appraisal
Source: C21 Riyadh
Source: C21 Riyadh

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