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2. OBJECTIVES
•A. Distinguish the 21st literary genre through
their elements, structure and traditions;
•B. Compare and contrast the early and modern
literary genres;
•C. Appreciate the shift of various literary
genres by creating a literary text that depicts
social problems.

3. PICTURE ANALYSIS

4. Writing now a days become a habit to many
individual. This become their way to motivate,
inspire, escape reality and most important is
to express oneself. In this modern time,
anyone can be a writer, anyone can publish
their works. Therefore, you will see lots of
literary works even it is printed, posted and
being said. The question is, what do you call
the modern forms of literature?

5. 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE
21st century literature is anything that was written and
published in the year 2000s. It is a bit too early to give a
definite and elaborate description of the 21st century
literature in the Philippines and the world. It is possible,
however, to approach contemporary literature as a
reaction to and dialogue with existing forms of
expressive culture. As we engage in technology more
and more, we create and discover more existing forms
of expressive culture as well.

6. CREATIVE NONFICTION
It’s a rich mix of flavors, ideas, and techniques, some of which are
newly invented and others as old as writing itself. Creative nonfiction
can be an essay, a journal article, travel/food writing, a memoir, or a
poem; it can be personal or not, or it can be all of these.
Some of the creative nonfiction in the Philippines are:
The writers goal is to communicate information but in a fiction like
approach, somewhat interesting and that uses flowery words
“Manananggal Terrorizes Manila and Other Stories” by Jessica Zafra
“Sapay Koma” by Jhoanna Lynn Cruz

8. CREATIVE NON-
FICTION
Tells a true story in an
engaging manner,
retains authors
personality and
biases
JOURNALISM AND
TECHNICAL WRITING
Conveys information
efficiently and
objectively.

9. MOBILE PHONE TEXT TULA
A cell phone novel, or mobile phone novel is a
literary work originally written on a cellular phone via
text messaging. This type of literature originated in
Japan, where it has become a popular literary genre.
However, its popularity has also spread to other
countries internationally, especially to China, United
States, Germany, and South Africa. Chapters usually
consist of about 70-100 words each due to character
limitations on cell phones.

10. CHICK LIT
This is genre fiction, which “consists of heroin-centered narratives that
focus on the trials and tribulations of their individual protagonists”. The
genre often addresses issues of modern womanhood – from romantic
relationships to female friendships to matters in the workplace – in
humorous and lighthearted ways.
Some of the chick lit in the Philippines are:
Spotlight New Adult by Mina V. Esguerra
Tall Story by Candy Gourlay
All’s Fair in Blog and War by Chrissie Peria

11. SPECULATIVE FICTION
It covers all stories from fantasy to science fiction to slipstream to
magic realism to urban fantasy — so on and so forth. In other words (or in
other worlds), it encompasses all the stories that are removed from the
reality that we are currently living in. As the introduction states, “speculative
fiction is a type of story that deals with observations of the human condition
but offers the experience through a different lens…and challenges us to see
what tomorrow could be like or what the mythic past of our imagination
actually is.”
Some of the speculative fiction in the Philippines are:
Smaller and Smaller Circles by FH Batacan
Sink by Isabel Yap
The Secret Origin of Spin-Man by Andrew Drilon

12. FLASH FICTION
Flash fiction goes by many names, including microfiction,
microstories, short-shorts, short short stories, very short stories,
sudden fiction, postcard fiction and nanofiction. While it can be
difficult to pinpoint an exact definition of flash fiction based on word
count, consideration of several of its features can help provide clarity,
like its brevity, length, background and purpose.
Some of the flash fiction in the Philippines are:
100 Kislap, by Abdon M. Balde Jr.
Karapote: Antolohia Dagiti 13 a Nasuerte A Sarita, by Ariel S. Tabag

13. BLOG
A blog (shortening of “weblog”) is an online
journal or informational website displaying
information in the reverse chronological
order, with latest posts appearing first. It is a
platform where a writer or even a group of
writers share their views on an individual
subject.

14. GRAPHIC NOVELS
The ‘graphic novel’ has existed as an art form arguably from the
time our species learned how to paint. However, the term has only
been in use since the 1960’s, and though it’s often a hotly debated
issue, it’s generally accepted that a graphic novel is a longer work or
collection of works presented in ‘comics’ style.
A graphic novel is a narrative work in which the story is conveyed
to the reader using comic form.The term is employed in a broad
manner, encompassing non-fiction works and thematically linked short
stories as well as fictional stories across a number of genres.

15. GRAPHIC NOVELS
Some of the graphic novels in the Philippines are:
The Mythology Class (Nautilus comics) by Arnold Arre
Light (Anino comics) by Rob Cham
Sixty Six (Anino comics) by Russell Molina
Maktan 1521 by Tepai Pascual

16. Contemporary writers often consciously draw
inspiration and ideas from the writers who have
come before them. As an outcome, many works
of 21st literature deal with the events,
movements and literature of the past in order to
make sense of the current times. In addition, the
technological developments of the 21st century
have directed other writers to theoretically write
about the future, usually to comment on the
present and suggest introspection.

17. DIGI- FICTION TRIPLE
MEDIA LITERATURE
Digi- Fiction is a literary experience that
combines three media: book, movie/video,
and Internet websiten order to get the full
story, students must engage in navigation,
reading, viewing, in all three formats.

18. MANGA
Manga is the Japanese word for comics. It is used
in the English-speaking world as a generic term
for all comic books and graphic novels originally
published in Japan. Manga is considered an
artistic and storytelling style The term "Ameri-
Manga" is sometimes used to refer to comics
created by American artists in a manga style.

19. DOODLE-FICTION
A literary presentation where the author
incorporates doodle drawings and hand
written graphics in place of traditional font.
Drawings enhance the story, often adding
humorous elements that would be missing if
the illustrations were omitted

20. Compare and contrast the early and modern
forms of literature
Topic Early Forms of Literature
21st Century Forms of
Literature
Elements
Structure

21. Essay. “What can you say
about the development of
today’s literary genres?”