2021 Population and Housing Census - SLUM REPORT

GHANA STATISTICAL SERVICE.
MAP OF GHANA

GHANA STATISTICAL SERVICE. i
PREFACE
Across Ghana’s urban landscape, from the bustling heart of Accra to the growing edges of
Tamale, millions of Ghanaians live in environments that are often invisible in policy discussions
but all too visible on the ground. You see it in crowded compounds, temporary dwellings,
children playing near open drains, and families navigating daily life, cooking, cleaning, and
surviving in spaces never meant for so many.
This report by the Ghana Statistical Service provides the most detailed portrait to date of slums
and informal settlements in Ghana, drawn from data collected during the 2021 Population and
Housing Census. It gives us more than statistics, it shows where we are as a nation in the quest
for inclusive urban development.
In this analysis, a household is said to exhibit slum characteristics if it lacks access to improved
drinking water, improved sanitation, durable housing, sufficient living space, or any
combination of these. The findings from the report are sobering:
• Nearly half of all urban households, 46.1% or about 2.2 million, exhibit one or more slum
conditions;
• About 4.82 million Ghanaians, roughly 30.8% of the urban population, are living in slums,
a figure that exceeds the global average of 24.7% but lower the Sub-Saharan average
of 53.9%;
• The Northern and Savannah Regions report the highest levels of extreme slum intensity;
• Even in more developed regions like Greater Accra and Ashanti, slum households face
precarious living conditions, with more than half living in rented accommodations.
• Multidimensional poverty is more than twice as prevalent in slum areas (23.4%)
compared to non-slum areas (10.5%);
• Educational, health, and sanitation outcomes are consistently worse in slum areas with 1
in 3 residents in slum areas who cannot read or write and 1 in 5 people who have never
been to school. In addition, household death rates in slum arears (41.6 per 10,000 people)
exceed those in non-slum areas (30.7 per 10,000 people).
These are not just numbers. They represent real people, families striving, often with great effort,
to make a life within difficult constraints. With the right commitment, coordination, and policy
direction, we can use the data to change these outcomes.
As part of its mandate, the Ghana Statistical Service remains committed to producing
accessible and user-focused data. The shift from a producer-centred model to one shaped by
user needs has been deliberate. We recognise that timely, disaggregated, and policy-relevant
data are essential to informed planning and development at both national and local levels.
This report, therefore, is not just a publication, it is a tool, designed to enable key stakeholders
including Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs), Metropolitan, Municipal and District
Assemblies (MMDAs), Parliament, civil society, researchers, and development actors to prioritise
actions where the needs are most acute.
The data in this report also aligns strongly with national and international development priorities,
including Ghana’s National Urban Policy, the Spatial Development Framework, and Sustainable

GHANA STATISTICAL SERVICE. ii
Development Goal 11.1, which commits us to upgrading all slums by 2030. By bringing together
indicators on housing, literacy, poverty, fertility, mortality, and sanitation, disaggregated across
slum and non-slum urban areas, this report equips policymakers and practitioners alike to pursue
more inclusive urban growth with renewed urgency and focus.
This is a defining moment. The evidence is clear. The tools are in hand. What is required now is
coordinated, sustained action:
• Government, especially at the local level, could use this data to design better-targeted
development plans, allocate budgets for slum upgrading, and invest in improved water,
sanitation, and housing infrastructure;
• Civil Society could support community-led advocacy, expand literacy and
empowerment initiatives, especially for women and youth in underserved areas;
• For the Private Sector, there is both an opportunity and a responsibility, through the
provision of low-cost housing projects, micro-finance services, prepaid utilities, and
solutions tailored to the lived realities of slum communities; and
• For our Development Partners, they could align funding and technical assistance to long-
term, flexible, and locally grounded interventions that empower both institutions and
communities.
Each household we reach and each community we improve takes us one step closer to
building cities that are not only modern, but fair. Not only expanding, but inclusive. This report
should mark the turning point, a starting place for real action to change the story it reveals.
Dr. Alhassan Iddrisu
Government Statistician

GHANA STATISTICAL SERVICE. iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) extends its profound gratitude to the Government of
Ghana, and all members of the National Census Steering Committee, National Census
Technical Advisory Committee, National Census Publicity, Education and Advocacy
Committee, and the Regional and District Census Implementation Committees for their
unwavering commitment and dedication. GSS also acknowledges the contributions of the
Governing Board of GSS , the immediate past Government Statistician and Chief Census
Officer, all Census Officials and field officers, the media, and the public who contributed
immensely for the successful completion of the 2021 Population and Housing Census (PHC).
Their efforts were instrumental in ensuring the well-coordinated operation of the 2021 PHC,
which forms the bedrock of this thematic report.
The Service deeply appreciates the support received from various Ministries and government
agencies, and the various District Assemblies, Religious and Traditional Leaders, individuals, and
all other organizations that provided essential support for the execution of the population and
housing census.
Ghana Statistical Service also extends its sincere appreciation to the development partners and
collaborators, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), World Bank, European Union (EU),
International Organization for Migration (IOM), United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP), United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), United Kingdom Office for
National Statistics (ONS), Statistics Denmark, Geo-Referenced Infrastructure and Demographic
Data for Development (GRID3).
Finally, GSS expresses its heartfelt appreciation to the authors whose dedication, critical insights,
analytical rigour, and interpretation shaped the core of the Slums and Informal Settlements in
Ghana Report. Special thanks also go to the subject matter reviewers, their expertise in
reviewing and validating the findings was vital in the flow and clarity of this final report.

GHANA STATISTICAL SERVICE. iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface..................................................................................................................................................i
Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................... iii
List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................vi
List of Tables ....................................................................................................................................... vii
Abbreviations and Acronyms.......................................................................................................... viii
Executive Summary............................................................................................................................ ix
1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................1
2 Definition of Concepts, Data Sources and Estimation ..............................................................3
2.1 Definition of concepts .........................................................................................................3
2.1.1 Urban.................................................................................................................................3
2.1.2 Rural ..................................................................................................................................3
2.1.3 Rural+ ................................................................................................................................3
2.1.4 Household.........................................................................................................................3
2.1.5 Slum...................................................................................................................................3
2.1.6 Slum status ........................................................................................................................4
2.1.7 Slum intensity ....................................................................................................................4
2.1.8 Improved drinking water sources ...................................................................................4
2.1.9 Improved sanitation.........................................................................................................4
2.1.10 Sufficient living area (overcrowding)..........................................................................4
2.1.11 Structural quality/durability of dwelling units .............................................................4
2.1.12 Locality..........................................................................................................................5
2.1.13 Neighbourhood............................................................................................................5
2.1.14 Multidimensional poverty ............................................................................................5
2.1.15 School attendance......................................................................................................5
2.1.16 Level of education.......................................................................................................5
2.1.17 Literacy..........................................................................................................................5
2.1.18 Use of ICT device/ Internet – access to information .................................................5
2.1.19 Tenure / Holding agreement.......................................................................................5
2.1.20 Cooking fuel .................................................................................................................5
2.1.21 Solid waste....................................................................................................................5
2.1.22 Refuse receptacle........................................................................................................6
2.1.23 Collected solid waste disposal method .....................................................................6
2.1.24 Total fertility rate ...........................................................................................................6
2.1.25 Children under 5 years.................................................................................................6
2.1.26 Household deaths ........................................................................................................6

GHANA STATISTICAL SERVICE. v
2.2 Data sources ........................................................................................................................6
2.3 Slum estimation techniques ................................................................................................6
2.3.1 Slum estimation at neighbourhood and locality levels.................................................7
3 Justification for The Selection of Key Slum Indicators................................................................9
3.1 Education .............................................................................................................................9
3.2 ICT ownership and usage....................................................................................................9
3.3 Child bearing........................................................................................................................9
3.4 Children 0-4 years ................................................................................................................9
3.5 Household deaths..............................................................................................................10
3.6 Multidimensional poverty status........................................................................................10
3.7 Tenurial arrangements.......................................................................................................10
3.8 Environmental sanitation and health risks........................................................................10
4 Main Results ................................................................................................................................11
5 Summary of results, Conclusion and Policy Recommendations ............................................48
5.1 Summary and Conclusion.................................................................................................48
5.2 Policy Recommendations .................................................................................................49
6 Appendix ....................................................................................................................................51
References.........................................................................................................................................84
List of Contributors .............................................................................................................................85

GHANA STATISTICAL SERVICE. vi
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 4.1. Maps of Ghana by type of localities.............................................................................11
Figure 4.2: Spatial distribution of households by number of slum conditions................................12
Figure 4.3: Map of Ghana by slum status........................................................................................13
Figure 4.4: Spatial distribution of neighbourhoods by slum intensity .............................................14
Figure 4.5: Proportion of urban household population living in slums by region ..........................16
Figure 4.6: Children under five years by region and slum status ...................................................36
Figure 4.7: Proportion of persons 4 years and older, never attended school by region and slum
status ..................................................................................................................................................37
Figure 4.8: Proportion of non-literate persons 6 years and older by region and slum status.......38
Figure 4.9: TFR of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) by region and slum status............39
Figure 4.10: Household deaths (per 10,000 population) by region and slum status ....................40
Figure 4.11: Multidimensionally poor urban population by region and slum status.....................41
Figure 4.12: Tenurial arrangement in slums by region.....................................................................42
Figure 4.13: Unimproved source of cooking fuel by region and slum status ................................43
Figure 4.14: Households using collected means of solid waste disposal by region and slum status
............................................................................................................................................................44
Figure 4.15: Urban slum solid waste disposal method by region and source of information ......45
Figure 4.16: Urban slum households by region and type of solid waste receptacle used..........46
Figure 4.17: Urban slum households by level of education of head, solid waste disposal method
used and region ................................................................................................................................47

GHANA STATISTICAL SERVICE. vii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1: Number of households living in urban areas by region and slum indicator score........7
Table 2.2: Number of neighbourhoods and localities by slum status and region..........................8
Table 4.1: Distribution of urban households by region and slum status.........................................15
Table 6.1: Districts by region and type of locality classification ....................................................51
Table 6.2: Household slum characteristics status by district...........................................................60
Table 6.3: Urban households living in slums by districts...................................................................65
Table 6.4: Slum neighbourhood status by district, intensity and localities ....................................71
Table 6.5: Population characteristics of households in slums by districts ......................................78

GHANA STATISTICAL SERVICE. viii
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
AU African Union
DHS Demographic and Health Surveys
EU European Union
GHS Ghana Health Service
GLSS Ghana Living Standards Survey
GNHP Ghana National Housing Policy
GRID3 Geo-Referenced Infrastructure and Demographic Data for Development
GSS Ghana Statistical Service
ICT Information and Communication Technology
IOM International Organisation on Migration
MDAs Ministries, Departments and Agencies
MLGRD Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development
MMDAs Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies
NDPC National Development Planning Commission
NUPF National Urban Policy Framework
ONS Office for National Statistics
PHC Population and Housing Census
SDGs Sustainable Development Goals
TFR Total Fertility Rate
UN United Nations
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
UNFPA United Nations Population Fund
UN-Habitat United Nations Human Settlements Programme

GHANA STATISTICAL SERVICE. ix
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This thematic report presents the most comprehensive analysis to date on slums and informal
settlements in Ghana, drawing on data from the 2021 Population and Housing Census (PHC). It
offers an evidence-based foundation for policymakers, development partners, planners, and
civil society to understand the scale, nature, and impact of urban deprivation, and to act.
Ghana’s urban transformation has been rapid. In just six decades, the urban population has
surged from 23.1 percent in 1960 to 56.7 percent in 2021, with projections reaching 60.7 percent
by 2030. While urbanisation often signals economic opportunity, Ghana’s growth has outpaced
its ability to deliver basic infrastructure and housing services. The result has been a sharp rise in
slums and informal settlements across cities and towns.
To better reflect the lived urban experience, this report uses an enhanced urban classification
(“urban-2”), which defines urban areas not only by a population threshold of 5,000 or more but
also by the availability of key amenities like electricity, potable water, health services, and
schools. Strikingly, only 10 percent of Ghana’s localities meet this urban threshold, underscoring
the gap between urban status and urban quality of life.
The findings reveal that 46.1 percent of households in urban areas, about 2.2 million households,
show slum conditions. These conditions include lack of improved drinking water, inadequate
sanitation, overcrowding, and non-durable housing. Nationally, 34.1 percent of urban
neighbourhoods and 26.6 percent of urban localities qualify as slums.
But the story varies across the country. Slum conditions are most intense in the Northern,
Savannah, Oti, Western, Greater Accra, Central, Ashanti, and North East regions, revealing a
stark regional imbalance in planning and service delivery.
Residents of slum areas face deep social and economic exclusion. About 31 percent of people
aged six and above in slums cannot read or write, more than double the rate in non-slum areas.
One in five people in slums has never attended school. These educational gaps trap households
in cycles of poverty and limit access to formal employment and stable incomes.
Multidimensional poverty, capturing deprivations across health, education, and living
standards, is more than twice as high in slum areas (23.4%) compared to non-slum areas (10.5%).
Health and environmental conditions further compound the challenges. Total fertility rates are
higher in slums (2.9 vs. 2.5), contributing to larger household sizes and straining limited resources.
Mortality rates are also elevated, with 42 deaths per 10,000 people in slums compared to 31 in
non-slum urban areas, reflecting poorer access to healthcare, inadequate sanitation, and
exposure to unsafe living conditions.
Over half of slum households (54.8%) rely on harmful cooking fuels, contributing to indoor air
pollution and respiratory illnesses. Waste disposal practices also fall short in slum areas with only
46.2 percent of slum households using improved methods. In addition, uncovered waste
receptacles are more common in slums, leading to environmental degradation and public
health risks.
Despite these challenges, the data also reveals opportunity. Over a third of households (36%)
and nearly half of urban neighbourhoods (49%) fall in the low-intensity slum category. With the

GHANA STATISTICAL SERVICE. x
right interventions, especially in basic service provision, infrastructure, and land use planning,
these areas could transition out of slum conditions quickly.
The report concludes with a clear call: decentralised, targeted, and context-aware policies are
urgently needed. Ghana’s urban future will be shaped not just by how we grow, but by how
we include. Slum upgrading must be a national priority, not a side programme, if we are to
meet our development goals and improve lives across every urban district.
Real progress will require coordinated action. Ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs),
Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs), civil society organisations, the private
sector, researchers, and development partners must work together.
• Government, especially at the local level, could use this data to design better-
targeted development plans, allocate budgets for slum upgrading, and invest in
improved water, sanitation, and housing infrastructure;
• For our Development Partners, they could align funding and technical assistance to
long-term, flexible, and locally grounded interventions that empower both institutions
and communities.
Only through such collaboration can we build inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable cities,
and ensure that no slum dweller is left behind in Ghana’s journey towards SDG 11.

GHANA STATISTICAL SERVICE. 1
1 INTRODUCTION
The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 aims at making cities and human settlements
inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable towards improving the quality of life of the human
population. Currently, however, many cities, towns and residential spaces especially in low and
middle-income countries have conditions that do not measure up to this goal. This situation is
fuelled by rapid urbanisation where there is a gap between the increasing number of people
in urban areas and the residential housing stock. It is estimated that 60 percent of the world's
population will reside in urban areas by 2030, with low and middle-income countries accounting
for 90 percent of the projected urban growth (Elrayies, 2016; United Nations, 2018). It is estimated
that half of Africa’s population will live in cities and two-thirds of that growth will take place in
slums (Albuquerque & Guedes, 2021). Urbanisation could improve economic activities, as well
as the health and living conditions of the population.
However, in situations of inadequate infrastructure particularly in developing countries, rapid
urbanisation, could fuel the proliferation of slums and informal settlements, exacerbating urban
poverty and inequality (GUTT,2019; Marx, Stoker & Suri ,2013; UN-Habitat, 2020; World Bank,
2020). Slums and informal settlements are characterised by substandard housing,
overcrowding, pollution and impoverished living conditions. Slums and informal settlements
often reflect urban poverty, inequality and the challenges of rapid unplanned urbanisation with
profound implications for human wellbeing and sustainable development (United Nations,
2018).
Historically, slums and informal settlements develop close to central business districts of urban
areas where there are intense economic activities, because of rapid population growth,
industrialisation, often compounded by civil conflicts, internal displacements and exclusionary
urban planning policies that tend to concentrate essential service delivery at a few cities
especially the national capital (Ezeh et. al., 2017; Engstrom et. al. 2015; Grant, 2009; GSS, 2023).
This global pattern has been witnessed across continents since the 19th century, revealing a
common trajectory of urbanisation, especially in developing nations, where population growth
frequently outpaces the provision of adequate housing and public services.
Currently, it is estimated that one in eight people live in or are directly affected by slums
worldwide, with this number expected to rise as urbanisation continues to outpace housing and
infrastructure development (GUTT, 2019; UN-Habitat, 2020). Slum dwellers worldwide face
chronic challenges, including low incomes, limited access to education and healthcare, and
heightened vulnerabilities (UN-Habitat, 2020). In Ghana, these challenges manifest through
rural-urban and urban-urban migration as well as weak institutional frameworks, which have
increased the growth of slums in cities such as Accra, Kumasi, Tema, Sekondi-Takoradi and
Tamale (World Bank, 2020).
The persistence of slums and informal settlements perpetuates urban poverty and denies many
people access to adequate living conditions. Addressing this issue is at the core of the SDG 11,
target 1, which prioritises monitoring slums and inadequate housing to ensure no one is left
behind in achieving sustainable urban development (United Nations, 2018). Identifying and
quantifying the proportion of urban population living in slums and informal settlements is crucial
for designing and implementing suitable policies and initiatives to address these. This is in line
with the overarching goal of the 2012 Ghana National Urban Policy (GNUP), which among other

things is to promote sustainable spatially integrated and orderly development of urban
settlements with adequate housing, infrastructure and services (MLGRD, 2012).
Ghana’s population has been characterised by rapid urbanisation since independence, with
urban population rising from 23.1 percent in 1960 to 50.9 percent and 56.7 percent, respectively
in 2010 and 2021. This is projected to increase to 60.7 percent by 2030 (Ghana Statistical Service,
2024). Ghana’s rapid urban growth has been accompanied by increasing numbers of slum
dwellers, representing approximately 37.4 percent of the 2010 urban population (World Bank,
2014). Many urban dwellers especially migrants, seeking economic opportunities, often settle in
slums due to their inability to afford formal housing units (Amankwaa, 2013, Ghana Statistical
Service, 2023).
The Ghana National Housing Policy (GNHP, 2015), Ghana National Urban Policy Framework and
Action Plan (MLGRD, 2012), and Vision 2057: Long Term National Development Perspective
Framework (NDPC, 2024) are important policy documents that have been developed to
address these urban housing deficits and challenges. For example, the GNHP focuses on
providing access to housing and adequate shelter for the citizens of Ghana, while the GNUPF
is targeted at improving the urban environment for sustainable livelihoods.
In Ghana, just like elsewhere in the world, slums and informal settlements are often found in
marginalised or underserved locations, such as wetlands or flood-prone areas, exposing
residents to environmental hazards and public health risks. For instance, inadequate sanitation
in Ghana’s slums has contributed to frequent cholera outbreaks (GHS, 2025). These challenges
underscore the need for comprehensive approaches that integrate best global practices with
local realities to address slum and informal settlements growth.
This thematic report presents information on the growth and expansion of slums and informal
settlements across all urban areas in Ghana. The report also examines the characteristics of
slums and their intensity at neighbourhood and locality levels. It is a relevant source material for
policymakers, development practitioners and stakeholders to guide the adoption of evidence-
based strategies for addressing slum-related challenges in the country.

2 DEFINITION OF CONCEPTS, DATA SOURCES AND ESTIMATION
2.1 Definition of concepts
2.1.1 Urban
Urban areas have traditionally been classified based on population thresholds, and in Ghana it
is set at 5,000 people or more (Census Office, 1960, 1970; GSS, 1984, 2000, 2010). It is assumed
that a locality classified as urban would have certain basic facilities such as health facility,
police station, educational institutions, water and electricity. However, it is possible to have
localities that meet the population threshold of 5,000 but exhibit characteristics of a rural
settlement. To address this misconception, the 2021 PHC redefines an urban locality in Ghana
(Urban-2) as having at least 5,000 population in addition to a minimum of 75 percent of the
inhabitants with access to electricity; and at least 50 percent having access to potable water,
availability of health and educational facilities (at least basic school). The presentation in this
report is informed by this new definition.
2.1.2 Rural
Rural areas are localities with a population less than 5,000, irrespective of the population’s
access to basic amenities.
2.1.3 Rural+
These include all rural areas defined above in addition to other localities that hitherto were
urban on account of the population being 5,000 or more but do not meet the requirements
under the Urban-2 definition of an urban area.
2.1.4 Household
A person living alone or a group of two or more persons living together in the same dwelling unit
and making common provision for their living. The concept of a household is based on the
arrangements made by persons, individually or in groups, for providing themselves with food or
other essentials for living. A household may be either:
a) A one-person household: an individual who makes provision for his or her own food or
other essentials for living without combining with any other person.
b) A multi-person household: a group of two or more persons living together who make
common provisions for food or other essentials for living and identifies one person as the
head.
2.1.5 Slum
According to the United Nations (UN), the official definition of a slum is based on five criteria:
durable housing, access to improved water, access to sanitation, sufficient living area, and
security of tenure. If one of these criteria is missing, then that household exhibit a slum
characteristic. Although we used the 2021 PHC, and current survey data (Demographic and
Health Survey (DHS) as well as The Ghana Living Standards Survey) to validate our information,
this definition did not include the fifth criteria of security of tenure. In the Census respondents

were only asked of their tenure arrangement (ownership of dwelling) we were unable to verify
the authenticity of tenurial agreements, hence limited to the first four.
2.1.6 Slum status
A household is categorised as having slum characteristics if it is located in an urban area
(defined based on urban-2 classification), but lacks one or more of the following:
1. access to improved drinking water
2. access to improved sanitation facilities (toilet)
3. sufficient living space which means not more than three people sharing the same
room.
4. durable housing (roof, wall and floor).
5.
Neighbourhoods and localities are categorised as slums if more than 50 percent of households
within their geographical area exhibit slum characteristics.
2.1.7 Slum intensity
Slum intensity is measured by the mean score of the level of deprivation of the household
conditions. The higher the slum intensity, the greater the level of deprivation of neighbourhoods
or localities. The scale used ranges from 0.0 to 3.99, this was reclassified into five (mutually
exclusive groups) where ≤ 0.5 coded as ”0” refers to non-slum, “<0.99 coded as1” is low, 1.00
– 1.99 as “2” is moderate, 2.00 -2,99 as “3” is high, and ≥3.00 as “4” is extreme.
2.1.8 Improved drinking water sources
A household is considered to have access to an improved drinking water source if the water
source is protected from outside contamination, such as pipe-borne water, borehole, tube well,
protected well, protected spring, bottled water and sachet water.
2.1.9 Improved sanitation
A household is considered to have access to improved sanitation if household members have
access to a facility with an excreta disposal system that hygienically separates human waste
from human contact. Improved sanitation facilities include flush/pour-flush toilets or latrines
connected to a sewer, septic tank or pit; ventilated improved pit latrine; pit latrine with a slab
or platform that covers the pit entirely; and composting toilets/latrines.
2.1.10 Sufficient living area (overcrowding)
Household dwelling unit provides a sufficient living area for the household members where not
more than three people share a sleeping room.
2.1.11 Structural quality/durability of dwelling units
A dwelling unit is considered ‘durable’ if the wall, roof and floor are made of durable materials
and protect households from the vagaries of the weather.

2.1.12 Locality
A locality refers to an inhabited geographical area with a distinct name and defined
boundaries. It could be a hamlet, mining camp, farm, village, town, city, or part of a town or
city. In this report, a locality is used with reference to the urban space.
2.1.13 Neighbourhood
This refers to smaller geographically defined areas or suburbs within a locality.
2.1.14 Multidimensional poverty
This is a non-monetary measure of poverty that reflects the various areas in which the population
may be deprived of their needs. It considers four dimensions; living conditions, health,
education, and employment; across 13 indicators. The indicators for living conditions include
cooking fuel, water, assets, housing, overcrowding, electricity, and toilet facilities. For
education, the indicators are school attendance, school attainment, and school lag. Health is
measured through mortality and health insurance coverage, while employment is measured
by whether individuals are employed.
2.1.15 School attendance
School attendance is defined as regular attendance at an educational institution or
programme by persons 4 years and older for organised learning at any level and classified as
never attended, attending now and attended in the past.
2.1.16 Level of education
This refers to the highest level of formal education attained by a person 4 years or older.
2.1.17 Literacy
The ability to read and write with basic understanding.
2.1.18 Use of ICT device/ Internet – access to information
The utilisation of an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) device or internet
connection to obtain or access information for practical or beneficial purposes, regardless of
who owns the device or service.
2.1.19 Tenure / Holding agreement
This refers to the arrangement under which the household occupies the dwelling unit (house),
namely owner-occupied, renting, rent-free, perching, squatting or caretaking.
2.1.20 Cooking fuel
This is the main source of fuel used in cooking by households, such as LPG, electricity, charcoal,
wood, and other residuals.
2.1.21 Solid waste
It refers to the range of garbage materials-arising from animal and human activities that are
discarded as unwanted and useless. E.g. Food waste, garden waste, plastic waste, scraps, etc

2.1.22 Refuse receptacle
This refers to the container (waste bin) or any item that temporarily stores waste generated.
2.1.23 Collected solid waste disposal method
This can be a truck or other forms of vehicles, tricycles, push carts, that are used for door-to-
door waste collection services by households.
2.1.24 Total fertility rate
It is the average number of children that would be born to a woman after going through her
reproductive lifespan (15-49 years).
2.1.25 Children under 5 years
This is all children aged 0 to 4 years (less than 60 months).
2.1.26 Household deaths
Deaths in the household within the last12-months preceding the Census Night.
2.2 Data sources
The data used in the analysis are from the 2021 PHC. The report is based on the Census data on
household characteristics, education, literacy, economic activity, living conditions, children
ever born, deaths to households, and housing characteristics. The analysis presents the levels
and intensity of slums in Ghana and examines the household living conditions in these areas.
2.3 Slum estimation techniques
The definition of a slum is based on four (4) indicators namely non access to improved toilets,
improved source of drinking water, and durable building materials as well as inadequate
number of rooms. These indicators were recoded into dummies (0, if the household has access
to improved water, toilet, durable building materials and not overcrowded, and 1 if otherwise).
A composite score was obtained by summing up the score of indicators. If a household scored
zero, it implies that the household does not lack any of the four indicators, and for that matter
does not exhibit any slum characteristic. On the contrary, a household with at least a score of
one (1) on any of the four indicators exhibits a slum characteristic. Table 2.1 presents the
regional distribution of households in urban areas by their scores as defined by the indicators
above.

TABLE 2.1: NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS LIVING IN URBAN AREAS BY REGION AND SLUM
INDICATOR SCORE
Region Total 0 1 2 3 4
National 4,766,083 2,570,794 1,737,099 441,226 16,350 614
Western 313,092 156,462 120,731 34,530 1,346 23
Central 466,044 255,473 165,081 44,354 1,131 5
Greater Accra 1,554,065 886,755 541,497 123,222 2,574 17
Volta 155,406 90,490 51,731 12,032 1,107 46
Eastern 417,557 261,088 132,073 23,822 563 11
Ashanti 949,935 528,606 331,390 88,703 1,214 22
Western North 74,475 47,785 22,243 4,277 167 3
Ahafo 77,391 37,862 31,368 7,943 212 6
Bono 188,935 107,185 65,861 15,663 218 8
Bono East 104,783 53,349 39,648 11,231 516 39
Oti 57,273 21,997 26,747 7,905 590 34
Northern 224,567 57,835 119,381 42,219 4,796 336
Savannah 32,515 7,986 16,791 6,822 879 37
North East 18,195 4,264 9,863 3,610 443 15
Upper East 71,785 27,273 36,208 7,914 386 4
Upper West 60,065 26,384 26,486 6,979 208 8
The estimation of slum is done at two levels namely, neighbourhood and locality based on the
indicator score of households within these classifications.
2.3.1 Slum estimation at neighbourhood and locality levels
Using the indicator score for households, an index for the neighbourhood was created which
averages the indicators for all households within that neighbourhood. This derived index ranges
between 0.0 to 4.0. If the neighbourhood has an index of 0.0, it implies that all households within
that neighbourhood do not exhibit any characteristic of a slum (all households have a score of
zero), while an index of 4.0 implies that all households within that neighbourhood exhibit slum
characteristics in all four indicators. If the index for the neighbourhood is greater than or equal
to 1, it implies that households in that neighbourhood have at least one indicator making it a
slum.
At the locality level, an index was created which is also an average of households’ scores within
the locality. If the locality has an index of 0.0, it implies that all households within that locality do
not exhibit any characteristic of a slum based on the four indicators, and an index higher than
0.0 implies that households within the locality have some characteristics of a slum.

TABLE 2.2: NUMBER OF NEIGHBOURHOODS AND LOCALITIES BY SLUM STATUS AND REGION
Region
Neighbourhood Locality
Total Non Slum Slum Total Non Slum Slum
National 24,654 16,251 8,403 1,789 1,313 476
Western 1,552 927 625 130 87 43
Central 2,158 1,477 681 221 165 56
Greater Accra 6,268 4,717 1,551 357 288 69
Volta 771 595 176 106 94 12
Eastern 1,898 1,502 396 173 160 13
Ashanti 6,097 4,292 1,805 392 338 54
Western North 378 324 54 30 29 1
Ahafo 454 258 196 21 18 3
Bono 1,063 692 371 76 57 19
Bono East 624 372 252 27 15 12
Oti 361 161 200 18 8 10
Northern 1,731 381 1,350 131 15 116
Savannah 193 38 155 9 2 7
North East 174 38 136 8 0 8
Upper East 530 239 291 57 20 37
Upper West 402 238 164 33 17 16

3 JUSTIFICATION FOR THE SELECTION OF KEY SLUM INDICATORS
This section presents the justification for the selection of key indicators for households and the
population in slum based on data from the 2021 PHC, Ghana Demographic and Health Survey
(GDHS), Annual Household Income and Expenditure Survey and other current surveys that
accurately reflect the characteristics. These indicators include education, ICT ownership and
usage, child-bearing, mortality, multidimensional poverty and other household living conditions
and practices.
3.1 Education
Education is positively associated with socio-economic status of the population, where high
levels of education are likely to be related to high income jobs, which may invariably determine
an individual’s social and economic capability to afford decent accommodation or housing in
an urban environment. Households with low levels of education are likely to live in slums or
informal settlements. Information on household educational levels helps in identifying sections
of the population that may be prone to living in slums. This may inform the need to target
interventions that are likely to improve educational access and eventually enhance their
quality of life. Furthermore, higher education is likely to influence household behaviours, such as
the adoption of improved solid waste disposal and sanitation practices, as higher levels of
education often correlate with greater awareness and adoption of safer and more sustainable
environmental practices.
3.2 ICT ownership and usage
Limited access to information and communication technology (ICT) is the norm in deprived and
marginalised localities. This situation can put such localities in social isolation and exclusion,
thereby limiting their access to essential services and participation in the formal economy.
Including an analysis of ICT ownership and usage in this report helps identify the digital divide in
urban areas with special reference to slums and informal settlements. This has the added
advantage of guiding policies that are likely to promote digital inclusion in line with the SDG 9
which seeks to build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialisation, and foster
innovation among urban residents.
3.3 Child bearing
Slum communities are commonly associated with high child bearing rates, which could
exacerbate overcrowding and strain already limited resources. Understanding child bearing
patterns in slums can help inform family planning and reproductive health interventions, which
in turn could contribute to improve living conditions and reduce poverty among slum dwellers.
3.4 Children 0-4 years
Children 0-4 years living in slums are particularly vulnerable to poor health outcomes such as
malnutrition, inadequate healthcare, and exposure to environmental hazards. Information on
the number of children 0-4 years can help identify areas where targeted interventions are
needed to improve the well-being of children and mothers living in slums. Improving children’s
health is an essential step towards ensuring that future generations escape slum conditions and
thereby contribute towards poverty reduction.

3.5 Household deaths
Slum residents often face higher mortality rates due to inadequate access to healthcare, poor
sanitation, and increased exposure to environmental hazards. Analysing mortality rates in slums
can help identify sections of the population at higher risk of dying and inform targeted
interventions to improve health outcomes. Reducing mortality rates is not only a crucial goal for
improving the well-being of slum residents but also an important indicator for monitoring
progress in achieving SDG 3, which is to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at
all ages.
3.6 Multidimensional poverty status
Households experiencing multidimensional poverty, especially in slums and informal
settlements, suffer deprivations across multiple indicators such as health, education, and living
standards, beyond just low income. This comprehensive lack of resources directly impacts their
ability to afford adequate housing, access basic services, and meet essential needs. Including
poverty status in the analysis helps in monitoring progress towards achieving SDG 1.2, which
focuses on reducing poverty by at least 50 percent in all dimensions.
3.7 Tenurial arrangements
Globally, tenurial arrangement is an important consideration for all residents especially in urban
areas. Tenurial arrangements are normally in the form of owning, renting, rent free, perching
and squatting. Understanding these tenurial arrangements is particularly important in slums and
informal settlements where the permanence of many dwelling units may often be in doubt.
Without formal recognition or secure tenure arrangements, residents face constant threats of
eviction, which discourages investment in housing maintenance engendering insecurity. This
lack of security undermines social cohesion and economic development largely within slums
and informal settlements. Analysing tenurial arrangement in this report is central to monitoring
progress towards realising the objectives of national housing-related policies.
3.8 Environmental sanitation and health risks
Poor environmental sanitation, due to inadequate facilities and improper waste disposal
practices, as well as limited use of clean cooking fuel poses significant health risks mainly in
slums and informal settlements. These conditions increase the spread of diseases, pollution, and
unhealthy environmental conditions. Analysing these sanitation conditions is crucial for
monitoring progress towards achieving SDG 6, which is to ensure the availability and sustainable
management of water and sanitation for all, SDG 3 (ensure healthy lives and promote well-
being for all at all ages), in addition to realising the objectives of national environmental,
sanitation and health policies.

4 MAIN RESULTS
One in ten (9.9%) of the 17,989 localities in Ghana are classified as Urban-2 areas and cover
barely 5.0 percent (11,811km2) of the country’s total land area (238,533 km2).
Figure 4.1a shows localities in Ghana classified as urban and rural based only on the attainment
of the population threshold of 5,000 or more as urban and all others as rural.
Figure 4.1b reflects the redefinition of urban areas (Urban-2) as localities with 5,000 or more
population, at least 75 percent of the inhabitants with access to electricity, 50 percent with
access to potable water as well as availability of health and educational (at least basic school)
facilities, and all other localities as Rural+.
All districts in four regions: Ahafo, Eastern, Western and Greater Accra, have at least one locality
being Urban-2.
FIGURE 4.1. MAPS OF GHANA BY TYPE OF LOCALITIES
Figure 4.1a Figure 4.1b

A household is described as having slum characteristic if it exhibits any one of the following: has
no improved source of drinking water, no improved sanitation facilities (toilet), no durable
housing or more than three people share the same room.
There are about 4.77 million households in Urban-2 areas, of which 2.57 million (53.9%) do not
exhibit any slum condition, however, a total of 2.20 million (46.1%) households exhibit slum
characteristics: 36.5 percent have one slum condition and 9.6 percent depict two or more
conditions.
FIGURE 4.2: SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF SLUM CONDITIONS

There are 24,654 neighbourhoods in urban areas, of these 8,403 representing a little over one-
third (34.1%) are slums.
A little more than one in four (26.6%) of the total number of localities in urban areas are slums.
FIGURE 4.3: MAP OF GHANA BY SLUM STATUS

Neighbourhood slum intensity varies across regions, with 16,251 exhibiting no slum condition,
one (1) classified as extreme, 98 as high, 4,177 as moderate, and 4,127 as low.
The Northern Region (74) has the highest number of neighbourhoods that exhibit high/extreme
slum intensities, followed by Savannah (7), Oti and Western (4 each), Greater Accra (3), Central,
Ashanti and North East (2 each), while Bono East has one.
Seven regions (Ahafo, Bono, Eastern, Volta, Westen North, Upper East and Upper West) exhibit
only low and moderate neighbourhood slum intensities.
FIGURE 4.4: SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF NEIGHBOURHOODS BY SLUM INTENSITY

A total of 4.77 million (57.0%) households in Ghana are in urban areas, of which 1.40 million,
representing 29.5 percent, are found in slums.
Ten of the 16 regions have higher than the national average of Urban-2 households in slums,
ranging from 79.1 percent in North East to 29.6 percent in Bono Region, while the remaining six
regions have proportions lower than the national average.
TABLE 4.1: DISTRIBUTION OF URBAN HOUSEHOLDS BY REGION AND SLUM STATUS
Households
Urban-2 household
slum status
Percent of
Urban-2
households
in slum
Total Urban-2 Non-slum Slum
National 8,365,174 4,766,083 3,361,817 1,404,266 29.5
North East 108,088 18,195 3,801 14,394 79.1
Savannah 133,114 32,515 7,553 24,962 76.8
Northern 437,934 224,567 58,922 165,645 73.8
Oti 174,031 57,273 26,161 31,112 54.3
Upper East 264,404 71,785 36,229 35,556 49.5
Upper West 190,193 60,065 35,913 24,152 40.2
Western 621,349 313,092 193,600 119,492 38.2
Ahafo 152,801 77,391 50,047 27,344 35.3
Bono East 288,725 104,783 68,371 36,412 34.7
Bono 317,994 188,935 133,051 55,884 29.6
Ashanti 1,523,101 949,935 686,966 262,969 27.7
Central 838,493 466,044 340,801 125,243 26.9
Greater Accra 1,702,160 1,554,065 1,182,309 371,756 23.9
Volta 491,373 155,406 123,520 31,886 20.5
Eastern 881,328 417,557 348,509 69,048 16.5
Western North 240,086 74,475 66,064 8,411 11.3

A total of 15.67 million people in Ghana live in Urban-2 areas, of which 4.82 million, representing
three in ten (30.8%), are found in slums.
Ten regions have proportions of their urban household population in slums, higher than the
national average, ranging from 80.7 percent in North East to 31.4 percent in Bono Region, while
the remaining six have proportions lower than the national average.
FIGURE 4.5: PROPORTION OF URBAN HOUSEHOLD POPULATION LIVING IN SLUMS BY REGION

REGION-SPECIFIC ANALYSES
WESTERN REGION
Half (50.4%) of all households in the region are in urban areas, 50.0 percent of which exhibit slum
characteristics.
Two-fifths (40.3%) of the region’s urban neighbourhoods are slums, with 49.8 percent and 49.6
percent of these, exhibiting low and moderate slum intensities, respectively, and 0.6 percent as
high.
Urban
areas
Slum
status
Deprivation Intensity

CENTRAL REGION
More than half (55.6%) of all households in the Central Region are in urban areas, with 45.2
percent of these exhibiting slum characteristics.
About 32.0 percent of the region’s urban neighbourhoods are slums, of which more than half
(52.7%) exhibit moderate slum intensities, while 47.0 percent depict low intensities and 0.3
percent as high.
Urban
areas
Slum
status

GREATER ACCRA REGION
Nine in ten (91.3%) households in the Greater Accra Region are in urban areas, and of these
42.9 percent exhibit slum characteristics.
One in four (24.7%) urban neighbourhoods in the region are slums, out of which 54.2 percent
exhibit moderate slum intensities, 45.6 percent show low intensities and 0.2 percent as high.
Urban
areas
Slum
status

VOLTA REGION
A little over three in ten (31.6%) households in the Volta Region are in urban areas, out of which
More than one in five (22.8%) urban neighbourhoods in the region are slums, with nearly two-
thirds (65.9%) of these exhibiting low slum intensities and 34.1 percent as moderate.
3
Urban
areas
Slum
status

EASTERN REGION
Forty-seven percent of all households in the Eastern Region are in urban areas, and of these
Two in ten (20.9%) urban neighbourhoods in the region are slums, with nearly three in four (73.5%)
of these exhibiting low slum intensities and 27.0 percent as moderate.
Urban
areas
Slum
status

ASHANTI REGION
More than six in ten (62.4%) households in the Ashanti Region are in urban areas, out of which
About 30.0 percent of the region’s urban neighbourhoods are slums, more than half (51.9%) of
which depict low slum intensities, and 48.0 percent and 0.1 percent, respectively, show
moderate and high intensities.
Urban
areas
Slum
status

WESTERN NORTH REGION
Thirty-one percent of all households in the Western North Region are in urban areas, out of which
One in seven (14.3%) urban neighbourhoods in the region are slums, 63.0 percent of which show
low slum intensities and 37.0 percent as moderate.
Urban
areas
Slum
status

AHAFO REGION
Half (50.6%) of all households in Ahafo Region are in urban areas, 51.1 percent of which exhibit
slum characteristics.
A little over two in five (43.2%) urban neighbourhoods in the region are slums, 67.9 percent of
these depicting low slum intensities and 32.1 percent as moderate.
Urban
areas
Slum
status

BONO REGION
About three in five (59.4%) households in Bono Region are in urban areas, out of which 43.3
percent exhibit slum characteristics.
More than one-third (34.9%) of the region’s urban neighbourhoods are slums, 59.0 percent of
these showing low slum intensities and 41.0 percent as moderate.
Urban
areas
Slum
status

BONO EAST REGION
More than one-third (36.3%) of all households in Bono East Region are in urban areas, 49.1
percent of these exhibiting slum characteristics.
Forty percent of the region’s urban neighbourhoods are slums, of which 52.0 percent, 47.6
percent and 0.4 percent show moderate, low and high intensities, respectively.
Urban
areas
Slum
status

OTI REGION
About one-third (32.9%) of all households in Oti Region are in urban areas, of which 43.3 percent
show slum characteristics.
More than half (55.4%) of the region’s urban neighbourhoods are slums, 61.0 percent of which
exhibit low slum intensities, while 37.0 percent and 2.0 percent, respectively, depict moderate
and high intensities.
Urban
areas
Slum
status

NORTHERN REGION
More than half (51.3%) of all households in the Northern Region are in urban areas, of which 74.2
percent exhibit slum characteristics.
Nearly eight out of ten (78.0%) urban neighbourhoods in the region are slums, 62.4 percent of
which exhibit moderate slum intensities, and 32.1 percent, 5.4 percent and 0.1 percent,
respectively, show low, high and extreme intensities.
Urban
areas
Slum
status

SAVANNAH REGION
Nearly one-fourth (24.4%) of all households in the Savannah Region are in urban areas, a little
over three-quarters (75.4%) of which show slum characteristics.
Eight out of ten (80.3%) of the region’s urban neighbourhoods are slums, of which 55.5 percent
exhibit moderate slum intensities, and 40 percent and 4.5 percent, respectively, show low and
high intensities.
Urban
areas
Slum
status

NORTH EAST REGION
One in six (16.8%) households in North East Region are in urban areas, of which more than three-
quarters (76.6%) have slum characteristics.
More than three-quarters (78.2%) of the region’s urban neighbourhoods are slums, 64.7 percent
of which show moderate slum intensities, and 33.8 percent and 1.5 percent, respectively, depict
low and high intensities.
Urban
areas
Slum
status

UPPER EAST REGION
More than a quarter (27.1%) of all households in Upper East Region are in urban areas, 62.0
percent of which have slum characteristics.
More than half (54.9%) of the region’s urban neighbourhoods are slums, of which 60.5 percent
and 39.5 percent exhibit low and moderate intensities, respectively.
Urban
areas
Slum
status

UPPER WEST REGION
A little more than three in ten (31.6%) households in the Upper West Region are in urban areas,
of which 56.1 percent exhibit slum characteristics.
Two in five (40.8%) urban neighbourhoods in the region are slums, 59.8 percent of which show
low slum intensities, while 40.2 percent have moderate intensities.
3
Urban
areas
Incidence
of slum

A total of 1.78 million (11.4%) of Ghana’s urban population are children under 5 years, with a
relatively higher proportion (12.2%) of these children living in slums compared to that in non-
slum areas (11.0%).
Seven of the 16 regions have proportions of children in slums higher than the national average,
ranging from 15.9 percent in Northern Region to 12.9 percent in Bono East.
Apart from Ahafo, Western North and Eastern regions, the proportion of children living in slums
is higher than those in non-slum areas.
FIGURE 4.6: CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS BY REGION AND SLUM STATUS

More than one-fifth (21.5) of persons 4 years and older living in slums have never attended
school, which is 2.4 times that in non-slums (9.1%), and a similar pattern with varying magnitudes
is observed across all regions.
More than one-third of persons living in slums in North East, Savannah, Northern and Oti regions
have never been to school, compared to less than one-fifth in Greater Accra, Ashanti, Eastern,
Ahafo, Western, Western North, Bono and Volta regions.
FIGURE 4.7: PROPORTION OF PERSONS 4 YEARS AND OLDER, NEVER ATTENDED SCHOOL BY
REGION AND SLUM STATUS

At the national level, 30.8 percent of persons 6 years and older living in slums are non-literate,
which is 16.8 percentage points higher than that in non-slums (14.0%).
There are wide variations in the proportion of non-literate persons 6 years and older across slums
in the regions, ranging from 51.0 percent in North East, the highest, to 19.2 percent in Greater
Accra, the lowest.
A similar pattern is observed in non-slum areas across the regions, with the Savannah Region
(38.4%) having the highest proportion of non-literate persons 6 years and older, compared to
8.3 percent in Greater Accra, the lowest.
FIGURE 4.8: PROPORTION OF NON-LITERATE PERSONS 6 YEARS AND OLDER BY REGION AND
SLUM STATUS

Child bearing measured by total fertility rate (TFR) of women (15-49 years) is 2.7 in urban Ghana,
and is higher among women living in slums (2.9) than those in non-slums (2.5).
Among women living in slum areas, the Northern Region has the highest TFR of 4.1, followed by
Oti Region (3.9), with Greater Accra recording the lowest (2.3), but in non-slum areas TFR is
highest in both Northern and Savannah (3.5 each), with Greater Accra again recording the
lowest (2.1).
Across the regions, there is a general pattern of a relatively higher TFR among women in slums
than those in non-slum areas apart from the Western North where TFR is higher in non-slum (2.6)
than slum areas (2.4), and in the Savannah (3.5), Ahafo (3.2) and Eastern (2.8) regions where
both slum and non-slum areas have the same TFR.
FIGURE 4.9: TFR OF WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE (15-49 YEARS) BY REGION AND SLUM
STATUS

Nationally, there are about 11 more household deaths per 10,000 persons in slum (42) areas,
compared to non-slum (31) areas.
In either slum or non-slum areas, there are wide disparities in household deaths across the
regions, ranging from 59.8 per 10,000 in Central Region, the highest, to 27.6 in Greater Accra,
the lowest in the slum areas, while in the non-slum areas Upper East (46.9) recorded the highest,
and Greater Accra (24.8), again as the lowest.
FIGURE 4.10: HOUSEHOLD DEATHS (PER 10,000 POPULATION) BY REGION AND SLUM STATUS

Multidimensional poverty is 2.2 times higher in the slum (23.4%) than in non-slum (10.5%) areas in
urban Ghana, and there is a similar pattern with varying disparities across the regions.
In either slum or non-slum urban areas, Oti Region recorded the highest proportion of
multidimensionally poor population of 50.2 percent and 28.2 percent, respectively, while Upper
East (12.6%) and Upper West (5.9%) have the lowest rates for the slum and non-slum areas,
respectively.
FIGURE 4.11: MULTIDIMENSIONALLY POOR URBAN POPULATION BY REGION AND SLUM STATUS

Greater Accra Region (52.5%) has the highest proportion of households in urban slums living in
rented dwelling units, followed by Ashanti (51.8%) and Western (46.6%), while North East (16.5%)
has the lowest proportion.
The proportion of households with owner occupier tenurial arrangement in urban slums varies
across the regions and is highest in North East (77.4%) and lowest in Ashanti (28.4%).
Rent-free tenurial arrangement is also highest in Central Region (28.8%), followed by Bono
(27.0%) and Volta (23.4%) regions, with North East and Upper East (5.4% each), recording the
lowest.
FIGURE 4.12: TENURIAL ARRANGEMENT IN SLUMS BY REGION

Nationally, more than five in ten (54.8%) urban slum households use unimproved cooking fuel,
compared to three in ten (31.0%) non-slum households.
North East (87.2%) and Oti (83.5%) regions have the highest proportions of urban slum
households using unimproved cooking fuel, compared to Greater Accra (32.4%), the lowest.
There are marked disparities in the use of unimproved cooking fuel in non-slum urban areas
across the regions, with the highest in North East (77.1%), followed by Savannah (70.6%), with
the lowest recorded in Greater Accra (16.9%).
FIGURE 4.13: UNIMPROVED SOURCE OF COOKING FUEL BY REGION AND SLUM STATUS

The Proportion of households using door-to-door collection services in urban slums (46.2%) is 9.6
percentage points lower than that in non-slum (55.7%) areas.
Greater Accra has the highest proportions using collected waste disposal methods in both
urban slum (70.0%) and non-slum (76.6%) areas, which is 6.0 and 10.4 times that of North East for
urban slum (11.7%) and non-slum (7.4%) areas, respectively.
FIGURE 4.14: HOUSEHOLDS USING COLLECTED MEANS OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL BY REGION
AND SLUM STATUS

A higher proportion of urban slum households with ownership of radio/tv/internet (59.8%)
dispose their solid waste by collection, than those without ownership (29.6%) of any of these
sources of information.
There are marked regional disparities in the proportion of urban households, with or without
ownership of radio/tv/internet, that do not use the collected means of solid waste disposal, with
North East recording the highest proportions at the household level, regardless of their
ownership of radio/tv/internet (91.8%), or otherwise (94.5%), compared to the lowest in Greater
Accra (21.3% and 45.6%, respectively).
FIGURE 4.15: URBAN SLUM SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL METHOD BY REGION AND SOURCE OF
INFORMATION

About seven in ten (68.4%) urban slum households in Ghana use uncovered solid waste
receptacles, 25.9 percent use covered receptacles and 5.7 percent have no receptacles.
There are marked regional disparities in the type of solid waste receptacle used by households
in urban slums, with proportions using uncovered receptacles ranging from 80.7 percent in Bono
East Region, the highest, to 57.3 percent in Ashanti Region, the lowest.
The use of covered solid waste receptacles is highest in the Ashanti Region (40.0%) and lowest
in North East Region (11.2%), while six regions (Volta, Upper East, Northern, Savannah, North East
and Upper West) have 10.0 percent or more of their urban slum households not using any solid
waste receptacle, which is highest in the Volta Region (15.6%), and lowest in Western Region
(2.2%). .
FIGURE 4.16: URBAN SLUM HOUSEHOLDS BY REGION AND TYPE OF SOLID WASTE RECEPTACLE
USED

The proportion of urban slum households whose solid waste is not collected is highest among
those whose heads have no education (63.3%), compared to those with basic (51.5%) or higher
education (47.4%).
Across all regions, higher level of household head’s education appears to increase the
proportion of households with solid waste collected, apart from the North East Region where
urban slum households whose heads have higher level of education (13.3%) have relatively
lower proportion of their solid waste collected compared with others with basic level of
education (13.9%).
Among households in urban slum areas whose heads have higher level of education, the North
East Region (86.7%) has the highest proportion of their households not having their solid waste
collected, which is more than three times that of Greater Accra Region (26.1%), the lowest.
FIGURE 4.17: URBAN SLUM HOUSEHOLDS BY LEVEL OF EDUCATION OF HEAD, SOLID WASTE
DISPOSAL METHOD USED AND REGION

5 SUMMARY OF RESULTS, CONCLUSION AND POLICY
RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary and Conclusion
The findings from the slums and informal settlements report, highlight the widespread of slums
across Ghana’s urban localities. It also reveals that barely 10 percent of localities in Ghana are
urban, based on the Urban-2 definition. Forty-six percent of households exhibit slum
characteristics, 34.1 percent and 26.6 percent of neighbourhoods and localities respectively,
are slums. Overall, there are 4.82 million population which is 30.8 percent of the urban
population. Slum intensity varies geographically, with extreme slum conditions more prevalent
in Northern, Savannah, and Oti regions, as they recorded the highest number of
neighbourhoods classified as urban slums.
Demographic and health challenges are common features of urban slums as they record
higher total fertility rates (2.9), which is slightly higher than that in non-slum areas (2.5). The total
fertility rate in Northern Region is the highest, with an average of 4.0 children per woman in slum
areas compared to 2.1 for Greater Accra Region. There is approximately 12.2 percent of
children under 5 years in urban slum areas than non-slum (11.0%). Household death rates
exceed 50 deaths per 10,000 population in six regions (Upper East, Eastern, Volta, Central, Bono,
and Ahafo).
Slum households face greater multidimensional deprivations, with over 23.0 percent of their
populations affected, more than twice that of non-slum areas. The urban slum population is
characterised by higher non-literate (30.8%) among persons 6 years older and never attended
school (21.5%) rates for persons 4 years and older across the regions. Additionally, more than
half of households in urban slum areas use unimproved cooking fuels and informal or unsafe
solid waste disposal systems, contributing to environmental and health risks. Educational
disparities also influence waste management practices, where higher educational attainment
correlates with safer disposal methods. Access to information is also associated with improved
solid waste disposal methods, where households without access to information had lower
proportions of proper practices (door-to-door collection). Solid waste collection could be more
influenced by structural or administrative challenges rather than being solely a factor of
education. Nonetheless, sensitisation is critical in improving sanitation challenges across the
regions.
Tenurial arrangements in slum areas reveal a concerning pattern of informal and insecure
dwelling arrangements. While households in slums in the northern half owned their dwelling, that
of the southern half is characterised by renting. These variations reflect differences in housing
markets and affordability pressures across regions. The existence of informal tenurial
arrangements leave many slum dwellers vulnerable to eviction, overcrowding and disasters.
The findings highlight the multidimensional nature of slum conditions (unimproved sanitation,
unimproved water, overcrowding and non-durable housing materials, etc) and intensities in
Ghana’s urban landscape. The regional disparities underscore the need for more decentralised
and context-specific responses that address immediate deprivations. As Ghana’s population
continues to see a growth and urbanise rapidly, addressing slum proliferation must remain a
national priority.

5.2 Policy Recommendations
Based on the findings of this report, the following policy recommendations are put forth to guide
national and sub-national efforts towards fostering inclusive, resilient, and sustainable urban
development:
1. Enhance Access to Basic Urban Services:
• Water and Sanitation Infrastructure: Prioritize investments in extending and
upgrading sanitation facilities (toilets) and improved drinking water sources to all
urban areas, particularly in slums and existing informal settlements.
• Electricity Access: Ensure universal access to reliable and affordable electricity
for all urban households, especially those in newly urbanized and informal areas,
to improve living conditions and reduce reliance on harmful alternative energy
sources.
2. Improve Housing Quality and Living Space:
• Durable Housing Promotion: Develop and implement programmes that promote
and facilitate the construction or rehabilitation of durable housing materials for
walls, roofs, and floors in informal settlements. Develop clear, transparent, and
accessible legal frameworks for formalizing tenurial arrangements within urban
areas especially in slum and informal settlements. This can reduce vulnerability to
evictions, encourage private investment in housing upgrades, and foster social
stability.
• Overcrowding Mitigation: Formulate and enforce urban planning regulations that
address overcrowding by promoting minimum living space standards. This requires
innovative housing solutions, including affordable housing initiatives.
3. Address Socio-economic and Educational Disparities:
• Targeted Education Programmes: Design and implement specialised educational
interventions for slum residents, including sensitisation, adult literacy programmes
and initiatives to increase school attendance and retention rates among children
and youth. Focus on reducing the proportion of non-literate individuals and those
who have never attended formal schooling.
• Skills Development and Economic Opportunities: Invest in vocational training and
skill-building programs tailored to the needs of slum dwellers, linking them to
employment opportunities in growing urban sectors. This will enhance economic
mobility and reduce multidimensional poverty.
4. Improve Environmental Health and Waste Management:
• Integrated Waste Management Systems: Establish efficient and equitable
integrated solid waste management systems in urban areas, ensuring regular and
affordable waste collection services for all households, including those in informal
settlements. Promote the use of covered waste receptacles and discourage
informal dumping.
• Structural and Administrative Reforms: Address systemic structural and
administrative barriers that hinder effective solid waste collection. This may

include reforming local government capacities, improving logistics, and ensuring
adequate funding for municipal waste services.
• Public Health Campaigns: Conduct targeted public health campaigns on the risks
associated with unimproved cooking fuels and improper waste disposal methods.
Promote cleaner energy alternatives and educate communities on safe
sanitation and waste handling practices.
5. Strengthen Data-Driven Urban Planning and Governance:
• Decentralised Planning: Empower Metropolitan, Municipal, and District
Assemblies (MMDAs) with the necessary resources, technical capacity, and
legislative authority to implement decentralised and context-specific urban
planning and development initiatives, especially basic sanitation services as part
of every dwelling unit.
• Inter-sectoral Coordination: Foster a coordinated approach among government
Ministries Departments and Agencies (MDAs), the private sector, civil society
organizations, and research institutions to ensure integrated policy development
and program implementation for sustainable urban development.
• Monitoring and Evaluation: Establish robust mechanisms for continuous monitoring
and evaluation of urban development interventions, using data from sources from
household surveys and administrative data to track progress, identify emerging
challenges, and adapt strategies.
In terms of actors:
• Government, especially at the local level, could use this data to design better-
targeted development plans, allocate budgets for slum upgrading, and invest in
improved water, sanitation, and housing infrastructure;
• For our Development Partners, they could align funding and technical assistance to
long-term, flexible, and locally grounded interventions that empower both institutions
and communities.
These recommendations collectively underscore the imperative for a holistic, inclusive, and
multi-stakeholder approach to transform Ghana’s urban settlements into truly sustainable and
equitable spaces. A coordinated approach involving government, Ministries, Departments and
Agencies (MDAs), Metropolitan, Municipal and District Assemblies (MMDAs), private sector, civil
society, researchers, and other stakeholders is critical to ensuring that slum dwellers are not left
behind in the country’s development agenda and in the pursuit of the Sustainable
Development Goals, particularly Goal 11 on inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable cities.

6 APPENDIX
TABLE 6.1: DISTRICTS BY REGION AND TYPE OF LOCALITY CLASSIFICATION
District Population
Strictly
Rural
Urban
5,000
Urban with Basic
Facilities
Western
Jomoro
138,044
■ ■
Ellembelle
131,846
■ ■
Nzema East
103,194
■ ■
Ahanta West 167,015 ■ ■
Effia-Kwesimintsim 189,737 ■ ■
Sekondi Takoradi Metro 267,614 ■ ■
Shama 127,845 ■ ■
Wassa East 108,669 ■ ■
Mpohor 56,742 ■ Rural+
Tarkwa Nsuaem 238,961 ■ ■
Prestea Huni Valley 250,076 ■ ■
Wassa Amenfi East 195,977 ■ ■
Wassa Amenfi Central 128,690 ■ ■
Wassa Amenfi West Municipal 142,869 ■ ■
Central
Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem 184,024 ■ ■
Cape Coast Metro 210,526 ■ ■
Abura Asebu Kwamankese 137,965 ■ ■
Mfantsiman 187,226 ■ ■
Ekumfi 62,895 ■ ■
Gomoa West 143,560 ■ ■
Effutu 120,619 ■ ■
Gomoa Central 91,550 ■ ■
Gomoa East 342,180 ■ ■
Awutu Senya East 262,182 ■ ■
Awutu Senya 178,973 ■ ■
Agona East 109,336 ■ ■

District Population
Strictly
Rural
Urban
5,000
Urban with Basic
Facilities
Agona West 151,382 ■ ■
Asikuman / Odoben / Brakwa 140,767 ■ ■
Ajumako-Enyan-Esiam 133,666 ■ ■
Assin South 117,492 ■
Twifo Heman Lower Denkyira 73,242 ■ ■
Twifo Ati Morkwa 111,790 ■ ■
Assin Fosu Municipal 98,380 ■ ■
Assin North 89,275 ■ ■
Upper Denkyira East 122,088 ■ ■
Upper Denkyira West 100,898 ■ ■
Greater Accra
Ga South 393,860 ■ ■
Weija Gbawe Municipal 240,367 ■ ■
Ga Central Municipal 373,736 ■ ■
Ablekuma North Municipal 179,097 ■ ■
Ablekuma West Municipal 172,665 ■ ■
Ablekuma Central Municipal 190,275 ■ ■
Ama 319,617 ■ ■
Korle Klottey 77,207 ■ ■
Ayawaso Central Municipal 106,678 ■ ■
Ayawaso East 59,625 ■ ■
Ayawaso North Municipal 71,304 ■ ■
La Dadekotopon Municipal 157,786 ■ ■
Ledzokuku 244,450 ■ ■
Krowor Municipal 160,878 ■ ■
Adentan Municipal 299,197 ■ ■
Ayawaso West Municipal 84,710 ■ ■
Okaikoi North 180,490 ■ ■
Ga North 264,686 ■ ■
Ga West 353,563 ■ Rural+
Ga East 318,780 ■ ■
La Nkwantanang -Madina
Municipal
248,335 ■ ■
Kpone Katamanso 464,400 ■ ■
Ashaiman 234,052 ■ ■

District Population
Strictly
Rural
Urban
5,000
Urban with Basic
Facilities
Tema West 220,737 ■ ■
Tma-Tema Central 200,151 ■ ■
Tma-Tema East 230,242 ■ ■
Ningo Prampram 118,803 ■ ■
Shai Osudoku 85,592 ■ ■
Ada West 85,957 ■ ■
Ada East ■ ■
Volta
South Tongu 118,825 ■ ■
Anloga 99,686 ■ Rural+
Keta Municipal 82,844 ■ ■
Ketu South 265,902 ■ Rural+
Ketu North 120,799 ■ ■
Akatsi North 34,409 ■
Akatsi South 96,785 ■ ■
Central Tongu 87,489 ■ ■
North Tongu 117,035 ■ ■
Ho-West 87,371 ■ ■
Adaklu 40,601 ■
Agortime Ziope 41,550 ■ ■
Ho 189,238 ■ ■
South Dayi 60,422 ■ ■
Afadzato South 76,839 ■ Rural+
North Dayi 41,251 ■
Kpando Municipal 61,508 ■ ■
Hohoe Municipal 120,252 ■ ■
Eastern
Birim South 37,335 ■ ■
Birim Central 79,896 ■ ■
Achiase 59,004 ■ ■
Asene Manso Akroso 81,151 ■ ■
West Akim 123,228 ■ Rural+
Upper West Akim 100,373 ■ ■

District Population
Strictly
Rural
Urban
5,000
Urban with Basic
Facilities
Ayensuano 99,053 ■ ■
Nsawam Adoagyiri Municipal 162,931 ■ ■
Akwapim South 80,548 ■ ■
Akwapim North 110,279 ■ ■
Okere District 54,111 ■ ■
New Juaben South 135,856 ■ ■
New Juaben North 92,898 ■ ■
Suhum Municipal 132,361 ■ ■
Abuakwa North 79,786 ■ Rural+
Abuakwa South 93,248 ■ ■
Denkyembour 80,660 ■ ■
Akyemansa 95,329 ■ ■
Kwaebibirem 127,434 ■ ■
Birim North 86,566 ■ ■
Atiwa West 64,105 ■ ■
Atiwa East 67,694 ■ ■
Fanteakwa South 57,209 ■ ■
Yilo Krobo 128,167 ■ ■
Lower Manya Krobo 127,592 ■ ■
Asuogyaman 106,029 ■ ■
Upper Manya Krobo 73,940 ■ ■
Fanteakwa North 59,673 ■ ■
Kwahu South 83,615 ■ ■
Kwahu West 152,284 ■ ■
Kwahu East 84,015 ■ ■
Kwahu Afram Plains South 77,490 ■ Rural+
Kwahu Afram Plains North 69,692 ■ ■
Ashanti
Amansie South 119,628 ■ ■
Amansie Central 98,374 ■ ■
Akrofuom 52,110 ■ ■
Adansi South 90,073 ■ ■
Adansi Asokwa 75,954 ■
Obuasi East 97,686 ■ ■
Obuasi Municipal 110,263 ■ ■

District Population
Strictly
Rural
Urban
5,000
Urban with Basic
Facilities
Adansi North 57,253 ■ ■
Bekwai Municipal 145,859 ■ ■
Amansie West 119,069 ■ ■
Atwima Kwanwoma 248,279 ■ ■
Bosomtwi 174,628 ■ ■
Bosome Freho 65,820 ■
Asante Akim Central Municipal 96,917 ■ ■
Asante_Akim_South 130,705 ■ ■
Asante Akim North 90,076 ■ ■
Sekyere Kumawu 68,079 ■ ■
Sekyere East 79,067 ■ ■
Juaben Municipal 67,586 ■ ■
Ejisu 191,060 ■ ■
Oforikrom 225,317 ■ ■
Asokwa 132,829 ■ ■
KMA 469,377 ■ ■
Kwadaso Municipal 163,365 ■ ■
Suame Municipal 144,086 ■ ■
Old Tafo Municipal 120,910 ■ ■
Asokore Mampong 202,350 ■ ■
Kwabre East 313,792 ■ ■
Afigya Kwabre South 248,090 ■ ■
Atwima Nwabiagya North 163,893 ■ ■
Atwima Nwabiagya South
Municipal
171,153 ■ ■
Atwima Mponua 164,135 ■ ■
Ahafo Ano South West 69,532 ■ ■
Ahafo Ano North 98,047 ■ ■
Ahafo Ano South East 67,098 ■ ■
Offinso North 88,213 ■ ■
Offinso Municipal 145,124 ■ ■
Afigya Kwabre North 77,525 ■ ■
Sekyere South 126,944 ■ ■
Mampong Municipal 123,303 ■ ■
Ejura Sekyedumase 145,547 ■ Rural+
Sekyere Central 77,417 ■ Rural+

District Population
Strictly
Rural
Urban
5,000
Urban with Basic
Facilities
Sekyere Afram Plains 35,127 ■ Rural+
Western North
Aowin Municipal 145,344 ■ ■
Sefwi Akontombra 72,738 ■ ■
Suaman 41,739 ■ ■
Bodi 71,712 ■ ■
Sefwi Wiawso 164,936 ■ ■
Bibiani Anhwiaso Bekwai 183,207 ■ ■
Juaboso 96,870 ■ ■
Bia West 126,392 ■ ■
Bia East 57,887 ■
Ahafo
Asunafo South 97,853 ■ ■
Asunafo North 161,419 ■ ■
Asutifi South 71,857 ■ ■
Asutifi North 78,497 ■ ■
Tano North 100,141 ■ ■
Tano South 92,833 ■ ■
Bono
Dormaa West 53,259 ■ ■
Dormaa Municipal 125,276 ■ ■
Dormaa East 75,475 ■ ■
Sunyani Municipal 215,195 ■ ■
Sunyani West 151,198 ■ ■
Berekum East Municipal 118,106 ■ ■
Berekum West 54,983 ■ ■
Jaman South 122,015 ■ ■
Jaman North 129,530 ■ ■
Tain 128,462 ■ ■
Wenchi Municipal 138,677 ■ ■
Banda 31,323 ■
Bono East

District Population
Strictly
Rural
Urban
5,000
Urban with Basic
Facilities
Nkoranza South 128,082 ■ ■
Techiman Municipal 271,861 ■ ■
Nkoranza North 63,088 ■ ■
Techiman North 114,549 ■ ■
Atebubu Amantin 161,940 ■ ■
Sene West 78,323 ■ ■
Sene East 80,531 ■ ■
Pru West 78,005 ■ Rural+
Pru East 112,662 ■ Rural+
Kintampo South 98,746 ■ ■
Kintampo North 156,692 ■ Rural+
Oti
Biakoye 76,828 ■ ■
Jasikan 63,851 ■ ■
Kadjebi 79,109 ■ ■
Krachi East 118,124 ■ ■
Krachi West 65,384 ■ ■
Krachi Nchumuru 85,500 ■ ■
Nkwanta South 145,401 ■ ■
Nkwanta North 134,876 ■ ■
Guan 30,204 ■
Northern
Kpandai 145,936 ■ ■
Nanumba South 122,997 ■ ■
Nanumba North 218,165 ■ ■
Zabzugu 95,792 ■ ■
Tatale 86,495 ■ ■
Saboba 110,635 ■ ■
Yendi 178,552 ■ ■
Mion 109,764 ■ Rural+
Nanton 58,700 ■ ■
Tamale Metro 433,304 ■ ■
Sagnerigu 395,109 ■ ■

District Population
Strictly
Rural
Urban
5,000
Urban with Basic
Facilities
Tolon 136,544 ■ Rural+
Kumbungu 127,867 ■ ■
Savelugu 142,091 ■ ■
Karaga 132,075 ■ Rural+
Gushiegu 178,025 ■ ■
Savannah
Bole 131,156 ■ ■
Sawla-Tuna-Kalba 127,605 ■ ■
North Gonja 69,592 ■ ■
West Gonja 71,864 ■ ■
Central Gonja 161,695 ■ ■
East Gonja 133,372 ■ Rural+
North East Gonja 44,630 ■
North East
Mamprugu Moagduri 78,285 ■ ■
West Mamprusi 200,142 ■ ■
East Mamprusi 214,095 ■ Rural+
Bunkpurugu Nakpanduri 93,815 ■ ■
Yunyoo Nasuan 64,771 ■
Chereponi 99,272 ■ ■
Upper East
Builsa South 39,950 ■ ■
Builsa North 61,791 ■ ■
Kasena Nankana Municipal 109,112 ■ ■
Kassena Nankana West 99,108 ■ ■
Bolgatanga Municipal 155,659 ■ ■
Talensi 95,051 ■ ■
Bolgatanga East 42,406 ■ ■
Bongo 127,175 ■ ■
Nabdam 57,933 ■
Bawku West 157,494 ■ ■
Binduri 83,755 ■
Bawku Municipal 130,481 ■ ■

District Population
Strictly
Rural
Urban
5,000
Urban with Basic
Facilities
Garu 78,397 ■ ■
Tempane 95,020 ■ Rural+
Pusiga 87,964 ■ ■
Upper West
Wa West 107,067 ■
Wa East 100,994 ■ ■
Wa Municipal 221,597 ■ ■
Nadowli-Kaleo 85,092 ■ ■
Daffiama Bussie 42,795 ■ Rural+
Sissala East 89,026 ■ ■
Sissala West 70,484 ■ ■
Jirapa 100,797 ■ ■
Lawra 64,526 ■ ■
Lambussie-Karni 56,448 ■ ■
Nandom 56,680 ■ ■

TABLE 6.2: HOUSEHOLD SLUM CHARACTERISTICS STATUS BY DISTRICT
District
Number Percentage
Number of
Households
Households
in Urban
No Slum
Characteristics
Exhibiting Slum
Characteristics
Households
in Urban
No Slum
Characteristics
Slum
Characteristics
National 8,356,779 4,766,083 2,570,794 2,195,289 57.0 30.8 26.3
Jomoro 39,438 12,347 4,690 7,657 31.3 11.9 19.4
Ellembelle 37,206 11,552 5,583 5,969 31.0 15.0 16.0
Nzema East 28,386 7,309 2,341 4,968 25.7 8.2 17.5
Ahanta West 47,288 13,340 6,400 6,940 28.2 13.5 14.7
Effia Kwesimintsim 53,764 53,764 30,240 23,524 100.0 56.2 43.8
STMA-Takoradi 16,310 16,310 8,904 7,406 100.0 54.6 45.4
STMA-Sekondi 17,157 17,157 8,957 8,200 100.0 52.2 47.8
STMA-Essikado-Ketan 40,498 40,498 21,457 19,041 100.0 53.0 47.0
Shama 33,056 21,031 6,991 14,040 63.6 21.1 42.5
Wassa East 28,938 4,626 2,287 2,339 16.0 7.9 8.1
Mpohor 17,173 3,994 1,511 2,483 23.3 8.8 14.5
Tarkwa-Nsuaem 68,128 38,590 20,680 17,910 56.6 30.4 26.3
Prestea/Huni Valley 66,036 35,385 14,961 20,424 53.6 22.7 30.9
Wassa Amenfi East 52,972 12,802 8,187 4,615 24.2 15.5 8.7
Wassa Amenfi Central 34,088 5,925 3,410 2,515 17.4 10.0 7.4
Wassa Amenfi West 40,483 18,462 9,863 8,599 45.6 24.4 21.2
Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem 47,896 18,688 6,376 12,312 39.0 13.3 25.7
CCMA-Cape Coast South 22,405 22,405 11,681 10,724 100.0 52.1 47.9
CCMA-Cape Coast North 36,424 36,424 21,016 15,408 100.0 57.7 42.3
Abura Asebu Kwamankese 37,163 14,727 6,250 8,477 39.6 16.8 22.8
Mfantsiman 53,079 37,182 16,897 20,285 70.1 31.8 38.2
Ekumfi 16,939 3,692 668 3,024 21.8 3.9 17.9
Gomoa West 38,570 15,538 4,718 10,820 40.3 12.2 28.1
Effutu 32,009 29,373 16,112 13,261 91.8 50.3 41.4
Gomoa Central 25,410 6,409 3,345 3,064 25.2 13.2 12.1
Gomoa East 85,450 68,576 42,952 25,624 80.3 50.3 30.0
Awutu Senya East 67,455 46,365 30,850 15,515 68.7 45.7 23.0
Awutu Senya 47,049 24,810 10,217 14,593 52.7 21.7 31.0
Agona East 28,960 14,882 7,080 7,802 51.4 24.4 26.9
Agona West 43,799 34,279 20,387 13,892 78.3 46.5 31.7
Asikuma Odoben Brakwa 35,205 18,955 10,413 8,542 53.8 29.6 24.3
Ajumako Enyan Essiam 37,241 13,638 8,502 5,136 36.6 22.8 13.8
Twifo Heman Lower Denkyira 17,875 5,539 3,663 1,876 31.0 20.5 10.5
Twifo Ati Morkwa 26,636 7,866 4,510 3,356 29.5 16.9 12.6
Assin Fosu 26,647 14,890 9,835 5,055 55.9 36.9 19.0
Assin North 21,820 5,879 3,390 2,489 26.9 15.5 11.4
Upper Denkyira East 31,971 17,707 11,556 6,151 55.4 36.1 19.2
Upper Denkyira West 28,368 8,220 5,055 3,165 29.0 17.8 11.2
Ga South 100,056 73,584 48,420 25,164 73.5 48.4 25.1
Weija Gbawe 63,098 57,873 37,741 20,132 91.7 59.8 31.9
Ga Central 100,312 100,312 74,736 25,576 100.0 74.5 25.5
Ablekuma North 54,344 54,344 34,230 20,114 100.0 63.0 37.0
Ablekuma West 49,031 49,031 22,795 26,236 100.0 46.5 53.5
Ablekuma Central 57,446 57,446 27,045 30,401 100.0 47.1 52.9
AMA-Ablekuma South 35,821 35,821 14,335 21,486 100.0 40.0 60.0
AMA-Ashiedu Keteke 33,572 33,572 4,062 29,510 100.0 12.1 87.9
AMA-Okaikoi South 28,905 28,905 18,151 10,754 100.0 62.8 37.2
Korle Klottey 25,547 25,547 13,644 11,903 100.0 53.4 46.6
Ayawaso Central 33,148 33,148 19,592 13,556 100.0 59.1 40.9
Ayawaso East 16,893 16,893 6,285 10,608 100.0 37.2 62.8

District
Number Percentage
Number of
Households
Households
in Urban
No Slum
Characteristics
Exhibiting Slum
Characteristics
Households
in Urban
No Slum
Characteristics
Slum
Characteristics
National 8,356,779 4,766,083 2,570,794 2,195,289 57.0 30.8 26.3
Ayawaso North 21,150 21,150 9,722 11,428 100.0 46.0 54.0
La Dade-Kotopon 47,515 47,515 24,351 23,164 100.0 51.2 48.8
Ledzokuku 72,382 72,382 38,819 33,563 100.0 53.6 46.4
Krowor 47,523 47,523 24,862 22,661 100.0 52.3 47.7
Adentan 82,599 76,611 51,646 24,965 92.8 62.5 30.2
Ayawaso West 22,173 22,264 14,353 7,911 100.4 64.7 35.7
Okaikoi North 53,166 53,166 34,200 18,966 100.0 64.3 35.7
Ga North 75,175 75,175 54,729 20,446 100.0 72.8 27.2
Ga West 88,386 57,029 36,733 20,296 64.5 41.6 23.0
Ga East 90,752 85,711 62,572 23,139 94.4 68.9 25.5
La Nkwantanang Madina 71,483 65,558 45,257 20,301 91.7 63.3 28.4
Kpone Katamanso 121,229 112,157 50,894 61,263 92.5 42.0 50.5
Ashaiman 67,415 67,415 23,612 43,803 100.0 35.0 65.0
Tema West 61,476 61,476 39,887 21,589 100.0 64.9 35.1
TMA-Tema Central 20,219 20,219 14,878 5,341 100.0 73.6 26.4
TMA-Tema East 34,818 34,818 6,640 28,178 100.0 19.1 80.9
Ningo-Prampram 56,216 44,929 22,669 22,260 79.9 40.3 39.6
Shai-Osudoku 30,526 13,463 6,162 7,301 44.1 20.2 23.9
Ada West 18,277 4,845 1,691 3,154 26.5 9.3 17.3
Ada East 20,737 4,183 2,042 2,141 20.2 9.8 10.3
South Tongu 31,592 10,573 5,798 4,775 33.5 18.4 15.1
Anloga 26,853 7,895 3,416 4,479 29.4 12.7 16.7
Keta 24,515 12,898 6,212 6,686 52.6 25.3 27.3
Ketu South 72,417 6,751 3,319 3,432 9.3 4.6 4.7
Ketu North 35,092 5,935 2,659 3,276 16.9 7.6 9.3
Akatsi South 27,973 11,088 6,553 4,535 39.6 23.4 16.2
Central Tongu 21,128 3,257 2,068 1,189 15.4 9.8 5.6
North Tongu 30,900 10,308 4,890 5,418 33.4 15.8 17.5
Ho West 24,881 2,399 1,343 1,056 9.6 5.4 4.2
Agortime-Ziope 13,113 3,064 1,421 1,643 23.4 10.8 12.5
Ho 59,450 41,810 30,065 11,745 70.3 50.6 19.8
South Dayi 16,287 5,131 2,124 3,007 31.5 13.0 18.5
Kpando 17,798 8,435 5,270 3,165 47.4 29.6 17.8
Hohoe 35,408 25,862 15,352 10,510 73.0 43.4 29.7
Birim South 10,619 4,439 2,803 1,636 41.8 26.4 15.4
Birim Central 23,666 21,518 15,096 6,422 90.9 63.8 27.1
Achiase 16,593 8,452 5,347 3,105 50.9 32.2 18.7
Asene Manso Akroso 23,807 9,031 5,375 3,656 37.9 22.6 15.4
West Akim 37,643 2,988 1,332 1,656 7.9 3.5 4.4
Upper West Akim 29,837 4,043 1,816 2,227 13.6 6.1 7.5
Ayensuano 28,640 8,415 4,578 3,837 29.4 16.0 13.4
Nsawam Adoagyiri 47,942 29,741 16,355 13,386 62.0 34.1 27.9
Akwapim South 22,627 8,211 5,156 3,055 36.3 22.8 13.5
Akwapim North 30,517 16,210 11,350 4,860 53.1 37.2 15.9
Okere 15,017 2,816 1,644 1,172 18.8 10.9 7.8
New Juaben South 45,190 43,840 32,708 11,132 97.0 72.4 24.6
New Juaben North 26,925 23,283 15,767 7,516 86.5 58.6 27.9
Suhum 39,891 19,843 13,371 6,472 49.7 33.5 16.2
Abuakwa North 23,217 14,726 9,434 5,292 63.4 40.6 22.8
Abuakwa South 26,653 11,868 8,379 3,489 44.5 31.4 13.1
Denkyembuor 24,099 16,671 9,624 7,047 69.2 39.9 29.2
Akyemansa 26,774 6,705 3,523 3,182 25.0 13.2 11.9
Kwaebibirem 37,075 16,821 12,107 4,714 45.4 32.7 12.7

District
Number Percentage
Number of
Households
Households
in Urban
No Slum
Characteristics
Exhibiting Slum
Characteristics
Households
in Urban
No Slum
Characteristics
Slum
Characteristics
National 8,356,779 4,766,083 2,570,794 2,195,289 57.0 30.8 26.3
Birim North 24,817 8,448 6,295 2,153 34.0 25.4 8.7
Atiwa West 17,872 6,009 3,811 2,198 33.6 21.3 12.3
Atiwa East 19,665 8,180 5,279 2,901 41.6 26.8 14.8
Fanteakwa South 17,412 8,258 5,466 2,792 47.4 31.4 16.0
Yilo Krobo 36,246 17,147 8,693 8,454 47.3 24.0 23.3
Lower Manya Krobo 36,018 27,391 12,014 15,377 76.0 33.4 42.7
Asuogyaman 29,629 8,062 4,821 3,241 27.2 16.3 10.9
Upper Manya Krobo 18,226 6,103 2,880 3,223 33.5 15.8 17.7
Fanteakwa North 16,443 7,656 5,168 2,488 46.6 31.4 15.1
Kwahu South 23,420 7,401 4,569 2,832 31.6 19.5 12.1
Kwahu West 44,890 29,905 20,995 8,910 66.6 46.8 19.8
Kwahu East 22,407 3,598 1,482 2,116 16.1 6.6 9.4
Kwahu Afram Plains South 19,414 5,309 1,520 3,789 27.3 7.8 19.5
Kwahu Afram Plains North 17,614 4,469 2,330 2,139 25.4 13.2 12.1
Amansie South 39,632 8,586 4,039 4,547 21.7 10.2 11.5
Amansie Central 29,335 3,919 2,200 1,719 13.4 7.5 5.9
Akrofuom 15,613 3,375 1,574 1,801 21.6 10.1 11.5
Adansi South 24,102 5,653 3,583 2,070 23.5 14.9 8.6
Obuasi East 27,776 20,731 10,836 9,895 74.6 39.0 35.6
Obuasi 31,689 27,912 15,230 12,682 88.1 48.1 40.0
Adansi North 14,990 5,813 3,058 2,755 38.8 20.4 18.4
Bekwai 38,309 13,769 7,679 6,090 35.9 20.0 15.9
Amansie West 33,128 11,444 6,293 5,151 34.5 19.0 15.5
Atwima Kwanwoma 64,312 37,157 24,006 13,151 57.8 37.3 20.4
Bosomtwi 46,102 25,291 15,846 9,445 54.9 34.4 20.5
Asante Akim Central 28,113 19,124 12,592 6,532 68.0 44.8 23.2
Asante Akim South 33,697 9,456 5,435 4,021 28.1 16.1 11.9
Asante Akim North 26,364 18,178 9,490 8,688 69.0 36.0 33.0
Sekyere Kumawu 16,639 8,809 4,454 4,355 52.9 26.8 26.2
Sekyere East 20,095 12,844 8,041 4,803 63.9 40.0 23.9
Juaben 18,166 6,673 3,546 3,127 36.7 19.5 17.2
Ejisu 50,294 22,303 11,974 10,329 44.3 23.8 20.5
Oforikrom 52,302 52,302 27,123 25,179 100.0 51.9 48.1
Asokwa 39,230 39,230 24,410 14,820 100.0 62.2 37.8
KMA-Nhyiaeso 35,575 35,575 23,861 11,714 100.0 67.1 32.9
KMA-Subin 23,240 23,240 11,427 11,813 100.0 49.2 50.8
KMA-Manhyia South 13,926 13,926 7,798 6,128 100.0 56.0 44.0
KMA-Manhyia North 28,280 28,280 13,686 14,594 100.0 48.4 51.6
KMA-Bantama 36,047 36,047 23,233 12,814 100.0 64.5 35.5
Kwadaso 46,674 46,674 29,632 17,042 100.0 63.5 36.5
Suame 43,174 43,174 25,718 17,456 100.0 59.6 40.4
Old Tafo 35,030 35,030 18,215 16,815 100.0 52.0 48.0
Asokore Mampong 53,450 53,450 21,516 31,934 100.0 40.3 59.7
Kwabre East 78,637 65,605 37,643 27,962 83.4 47.9 35.6
Afigya Kwabre South 62,651 33,267 21,547 11,720 53.1 34.4 18.7
Atwima Nwabiagya North 40,593 26,656 15,968 10,688 65.7 39.3 26.3
Atwima Nwabiagya 45,377 30,139 18,187 11,952 66.4 40.1 26.3
Atwima Mponua 43,268 7,349 3,575 3,774 17.0 8.3 8.7
Ahafo Ano South West 17,603 4,495 1,773 2,722 25.5 10.1 15.5
Ahafo Ano North 24,847 7,519 4,305 3,214 30.3 17.3 12.9
Ahafo
Ano South East 16,182 1,978 854 1,124 12.2 5.3 6.9
Offinso North 20,626 12,317 4,515 7,802 59.7 21.9 37.8

District
Number Percentage
Number of
Households
Households
in Urban
No Slum
Characteristics
Exhibiting Slum
Characteristics
Households
in Urban
No Slum
Characteristics
Slum
Characteristics
National 8,356,779 4,766,083 2,570,794 2,195,289 57.0 30.8 26.3
Offinso 34,637 17,662 8,878 8,784 51.0 25.6 25.4
Afigya Kwabre North 18,517 11,396 5,291 6,105 61.5 28.6 33.0
Sekyere South 29,844 22,073 11,123 10,950 74.0 37.3 36.7
Mampong 31,077 17,134 9,906 7,228 55.1 31.9 23.3
Ejura Sekyedumase 31,726 19,766 6,225 13,541 62.3 19.6 42.7
Sekyere Central 18,127 4,614 2,321 2,293 25.5 12.8 12.6
Aowin 37,676 5,305 2,950 2,355 14.1 7.8 6.3
Sefwi Akontombra 17,430 3,771 2,195 1,576 21.6 12.6 9.0
Suaman 9,923 4,277 2,910 1,367 43.1 29.3 13.8
Bodi 16,651 5,817 3,526 2,291 34.9 21.2 13.8
Sefwi Wiawso 41,501 16,037 11,423 4,614 38.6 27.5 11.1
Bibiani Anhwiaso Bekwai 46,178 20,810 11,403 9,407 45.1 24.7 20.4
Juaboso 24,383 7,569 5,506 2,063 31.0 22.6 8.5
Bia West 31,515 10,889 7,872 3,017 34.6 25.0 9.6
Asunafo South 23,981 8,479 4,560 3,919 35.4 19.0 16.3
Asunafo North 41,910 21,700 10,917 10,783 51.8 26.0 25.7
Asutifi South 18,611 9,679 4,155 5,524 52.0 22.3 29.7
Asutifi North 19,895 10,525 5,653 4,872 52.9 28.4 24.5
Tano North 25,877 13,784 6,925 6,859 53.3 26.8 26.5
Tano South 22,404 13,224 5,652 7,572 59.0 25.2 33.8
Dormaa West 12,198 4,343 2,458 1,885 35.6 20.2 15.5
Dormaa Central 30,471 13,462 8,258 5,204 44.2 27.1 17.1
Dormaa East 18,221 13,148 7,335 5,813 72.2 40.3 31.9
Sunyani 56,547 41,603 28,336 13,267 73.6 50.1 23.5
Sunyani West 37,093 29,186 16,582 12,604 78.7 44.7 34.0
Berekum East 32,376 28,119 16,879 11,240 86.9 52.1 34.7
Berekum West 13,943 4,868 2,845 2,023 34.9 20.4 14.5
Jaman South 27,615 11,105 6,536 4,569 40.2 23.7 16.5
Jaman North 24,196 14,217 5,335 8,882 58.8 22.0 36.7
Tain 27,465 14,518 4,617 9,901 52.9 16.8 36.0
Wenchi 30,746 14,366 8,004 6,362 46.7 26.0 20.7
Nkoranza South 29,558 18,006 10,459 7,547 60.9 35.4 25.5
Techiman 66,933 53,615 30,203 23,412 80.1 45.1 35.0
Nkoranza North 13,981 1,510 784 726 10.8 5.6 5.2
Techiman North 25,653 15,947 8,792 7,155 62.2 34.3 27.9
Atebubu Amantin 31,532 3,191 351 2,840 10.1 1.1 9.0
Sene West 16,616 4,967 940 4,027 29.9 5.7 24.2
Sene East 14,507 1,870 426 1,444 12.9 2.9 10.0
Pru West 13,947 1,544 98 1,446 11.1 0.7 10.4
Kintampo South 20,861 2,519 1,206 1,313 12.1 5.8 6.3
Kintampo North 34,001 1,614 90 1,524 4.7 0.3 4.5
Biakoye 20,346 7,552 3,026 4,526 37.1 14.9 22.2
Jasikan 17,536 4,104 2,368 1,736 23.4 13.5 9.9
Kadjebi 19,104 6,634 3,337 3,297 34.7 17.5 17.3
Krachi East 25,297 9,301 2,795 6,506 36.8 11.0 25.7
Krachi West 12,620 3,923 1,509 2,414 31.1 12.0 19.1
Krachi Nchumuru 15,785 5,496 1,987 3,509 34.8 12.6 22.2
Nkwanta South 31,626 11,445 5,040 6,405 36.2 15.9 20.3
Nkwanta North 22,424 8,818 1,935 6,883 39.3 8.6 30.7
Kpandai 25,262 4,609 1,020 3,589 18.2 4.0 14.2
Nanumba South 17,309 4,118 572 3,546 23.8 3.3 20.5
Nanumba North 30,612 10,368 1,478 8,890 33.9 4.8 29.0
Zabzugu 13,735 4,345 538 3,807 31.6 3.9 27.7

District
Number Percentage
Number of
Households
Households
in Urban
No Slum
Characteristics
Exhibiting Slum
Characteristics
Households
in Urban
No Slum
Characteristics
Slum
Characteristics
National 8,356,779 4,766,083 2,570,794 2,195,289 57.0 30.8 26.3
Tatale Sanguli 12,973 2,509 797 1,712 19.3 6.1 13.2
Saboba 15,432 2,641 870 1,771 17.1 5.6 11.5
Yendi 28,647 16,597 3,063 13,534 57.9 10.7 47.2
Nanton 9,514 2,469 327 2,142 26.0 3.4 22.5
TMA-Tamale South 55,712 55,712 12,166 43,546 100.0 21.8 78.2
TMA-Tamale Central 33,299 33,299 7,667 25,632 100.0 23.0 77.0
Sagnarigu 73,633 58,529 25,567 32,962 79.5 34.7 44.8
Tolon 18,295 1,858 157 1,701 10.2 0.9 9.3
Kumbungu 17,762 4,537 497 4,040 25.5 2.8 22.7
Savelugu 23,082 14,666 2,107 12,559 63.5 9.1 54.4
Karaga 19,531 899 95 804 4.6 0.5 4.1
Gushegu 27,625 7,411 914 6,497 26.8 3.3 23.5
Bole 30,132 10,572 2,754 7,818 35.1 9.1 25.9
Sawla Tuna Kalba 22,662 5,510 2,185 3,325 24.3 9.6 14.7
North Gonja 11,336 3,903 209 3,694 34.4 1.8 32.6
West Gonja 30,429 7,032 1,807 5,225 23.1 5.9 17.2
Central Gonja 21,590 5,498 1,031 4,467 25.5 4.8 20.7
Mamprugu Moagduri 14,221 2,414 33 2,381 17.0 0.2 16.7
West Mamprusi 30,429 1,498 225 1,273 4.9 0.7 4.2
East Mamprusi 27,136 7,033 1,820 5,213 25.9 6.7 19.2
Bunkpurugu Nakpanduri 14,123 4,424 1,492 2,932 31.3 10.6 20.8
Chereponi 13,643 2,826 694 2,132 20.7 5.1 15.6
Builsa South 7,943 1,442 439 1,003 18.2 5.5 12.6
Builsa North 13,551 1,784 812 972 13.2 6.0 7.2
Kasena Nankana 23,162 7,694 3,457 4,237 33.2 14.9 18.3
Kasena Nankana West 19,616 3,419 1,304 2,115 17.4 6.6 10.8
Bolgatanga 33,747 22,746 9,774 12,972 67.4 29.0 38.4
Talensi 17,721 1,717 220 1,497 9.7 1.2 8.4
Bolgatanga East 8,166 2,531 989 1,542 31.0 12.1 18.9
Bongo 21,576 1,621 497 1,124 7.5 2.3 5.2
Bawku West 26,854 4,926 2,451 2,475 18.3 9.1 9.2
Bawku 24,794 17,047 5,226 11,821 68.8 21.1 47.7
Garu 13,252 2,525 1,274 1,251 19.1 9.6 9.4
Pusiga 13,912 4,333 830 3,503 31.1 6.0 25.2
Wa East 17,813 1,506 140 1,366 8.5 0.8 7.7
Wa 49,479 38,200 16,877 21,323 77.2 34.1 43.1
Nadowli Kaleo 14,734 3,152 1,196 1,956 21.4 8.1 13.3
Sissala East 19,255 4,653 2,462 2,191 24.2 12.8 11.4
Sissala West 14,587 1,964 519 1,445 13.5 3.6 9.9
Jirapa 16,451 4,489 2,188 2,301 27.3 13.3 14.0
Lawra 11,953 2,372 1,242 1,130 19.8 10.4 9.5
Lambussie Karni 10,935 1,971 534 1,437 18.0 4.9 13.1
Nandom 9,859 1,758 1,226 532 17.8 12.4 5.4

TABLE 6.3: URBAN HOUSEHOLDS LIVING IN SLUMS BY DISTRICTS
Number Percent
Region Total Urban Non-slum Slum Non-slum Slum
Ghana 4,766,083 3,361,817 1,404,266 70.5 29.5
Western 313,092 193,600 119,492 61.8 38.2
Jomoro 12,347 4,931 7,416 39.9 60.1
Ellembelle 11,552 7,065 4,487 61.2 38.8
Nzema East 7,309 1,865 5,444 25.5 74.5
Ahanta West 13,340 8,040 5,300 60.3 39.7
Effia Kwesimintsim 53,764 34,389 19,375 64.0 36.0
STMA-Takoradi 16,310 10,665 5,645 65.4 34.6
STMA-Sekondi 17,157 11,226 5,931 65.4 34.6
STMA-Essikado-Ketan 40,498 26,816 13,682 66.2 33.8
Shama 21,031 8,023 13,008 38.1 61.9
Wassa East 4,626 3,791 835 81.9 18.1
Mpohor 3,994 1,598 2,396 40.0 60.0
Tarkwa-Nsuaem 38,590 27,732 10,858 71.9 28.1
Prestea/Huni Valley 35,385 18,914 16,471 53.5 46.5
Wassa Amenfi East 12,802 11,394 1,408 89.0 11.0
Wassa Amenfi Central 5,925 4,580 1,345 77.3 22.7
Wassa Amenfi West 18,462 12,571 5,891 68.1 31.9
Central 466,044 340,801 125,243 73.1 26.9
Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem 18,688 7,350 11,338 39.3 60.7
CCMA-Cape Coast South 22,405 14,377 8,028 64.2 35.8
CCMA-Cape Coast North 36,424 26,735 9,689 73.4 26.6
Abura Asebu Kwamankese 14,727 7,924 6,803 53.8 46.2
Mfantsiman 37,182 21,666 15,516 58.3 41.7
Ekumfi 3,692 144 3,548 3.9 96.1
Gomoa West 15,538 4,738 10,800 30.5 69.5
Effutu 29,373 19,563 9,810 66.6 33.4
Gomoa Central 6,409 5,177 1,232 80.8 19.2
Gomoa East 68,576 59,123 9,453 86.2 13.8
Awutu Senya East 46,365 41,643 4,722 89.8 10.2
Awutu Senya 24,810 13,453 11,357 54.2 45.8
Agona East 14,882 9,199 5,683 61.8 38.2
Agona West 34,279 28,141 6,138 82.1 17.9
Asikuma Odoben Brakwa 18,955 14,964 3,991 78.9 21.1
Ajumako Enyan Essiam 13,638 12,341 1,297 90.5 9.5
Twifo Heman Lower Denkyira 5,539 4,855 684 87.7 12.3
Twifo Ati Morkwa 7,866 6,099 1,767 77.5 22.5
Assin Fosu 14,890 13,714 1,176 92.1 7.9
Assin North 5,879 5,707 172 97.1 2.9
Upper Denkyira East 17,707 15,668 2,039 88.5 11.5
Upper Denkyira West 8,220 8,220 100.0 0.0
Greater Accra 1,554,065 1,182,309 371,756 76.1 23.9
Ga South 73,584 64,888 8,696 88.2 11.8

Weija Gbawe 57,873 49,912 7,961 86.2 13.8
Ga Central 100,312 99,605 707 99.3 0.7
Ablekuma North 54,344 47,706 6,638 87.8 12.2
Ablekuma West 49,031 26,222 22,809 53.5 46.5
Ablekuma Central 57,446 35,360 22,086 61.6 38.4
AMA-Ablekuma South 35,821 17,830 17,991 49.8 50.2
AMA-Ashiedu Keteke 33,572 3,618 29,954 10.8 89.2
AMA-Okaikoi South 28,905 24,019 4,886 83.1 16.9
Korle Klottey 25,547 16,942 8,605 66.3 33.7
Ayawaso Central 33,148 29,678 3,470 89.5 10.5
Ayawaso East 16,893 6,760 10,133 40.0 60.0
Ayawaso North 21,150 14,045 7,105 66.4 33.6
La Dade-Kotopon 47,515 30,899 16,616 65.0 35.0
Ledzokuku 72,382 54,885 17,497 75.8 24.2
Krowor 47,523 33,371 14,152 70.2 29.8
Adentan 76,611 70,508 6,103 92.0 8.0
Ayawaso West 22,264 19,510 2,754 87.6 12.4
Okaikoi North 53,166 45,878 7,288 86.3 13.7
Ga North 75,175 71,458 3,717 95.1 4.9
Ga West 57,029 53,970 3,059 94.6 5.4
Ga East 85,711 80,967 4,744 94.5 5.5
La Nkwantanang Madina 65,558 60,983 4,575 93.0 7.0
Kpone Katamanso 112,157 66,312 45,845 59.1 40.9
Ashaiman 67,415 30,609 36,806 45.4 54.6
Tema West 61,476 54,217 7,259 88.2 11.8
TMA-Tema Central 20,219 18,383 1,836 90.9 9.1
TMA-Tema East 34,818 7,066 27,752 20.3 79.7
Ningo-Prampram 44,929 31,767 13,162 70.7 29.3
Shai-Osudoku 13,463 9,177 4,286 68.2 31.8
Ada West 4,845 2,864 1,981 59.1 40.9
Ada East 4,183 2,900 1,283 69.3 30.7
Volta 155,406 123,520 31,886 79.5 20.5
South Tongu 10,573 7,867 2,706 74.4 25.6
Anloga 7,895 3,475 4,420 44.0 56.0
Keta 12,898 7,312 5,586 56.7 43.3
Ketu South 6,751 6,552 199 97.1 2.9
Ketu North 5,935 3,728 2,207 62.8 37.2
Akatsi South 11,088 9,235 1,853 83.3 16.7
Central Tongu 3,257 2,823 434 86.7 13.3
North Tongu 10,308 6,636 3,672 64.4 35.6
Ho West 2,399 1,961 438 81.7 18.3
Agortime-Ziope 3,064 2,059 1,005 67.2 32.8
Ho 41,810 39,539 2,271 94.6 5.4
South Dayi 5,131 2,811 2,320 54.8 45.2
Kpando 8,435 7,865 570 93.2 6.8
Hohoe 25,862 21,657 4,205 83.7 16.3
Eastern 417,557 348,509 69,048 83.5 16.5
Birim South 4,439 3,708 731 83.5 16.5

Birim Central 21,518 19,285 2,233 89.6 10.4
Achiase 8,452 8,150 302 96.4 3.6
Asene Manso Akroso 9,031 7,899 1,132 87.5 12.5
West Akim 2,988 1,335 1,653 44.7 55.3
Upper West Akim 4,043 2,174 1,869 53.8 46.2
Ayensuano 8,415 6,417 1,998 76.3 23.7
Nsawam Adoagyiri 29,741 22,154 7,587 74.5 25.5
Akwapim South 8,211 6,918 1,293 84.3 15.7
Akwapim North 16,210 14,886 1,324 91.8 8.2
Okere 2,816 2,641 175 93.8 6.2
New Juaben South 43,840 41,361 2,479 94.3 5.7
New Juaben North 23,283 20,403 2,880 87.6 12.4
Suhum 19,843 17,830 2,013 89.9 10.1
Abuakwa North 14,726 12,791 1,935 86.9 13.1
Abuakwa South 11,868 11,141 727 93.9 6.1
Denkyembuor 16,671 13,067 3,604 78.4 21.6
Akyemansa 6,705 5,436 1,269 81.1 18.9
Kwaebibirem 16,821 16,353 468 97.2 2.8
Birim North 8,448 8,300 148 98.2 1.8
Atiwa West 6,009 5,768 241 96.0 4.0
Atiwa East 8,180 7,815 365 95.5 4.5
Fanteakwa South 8,258 7,233 1,025 87.6 12.4
Yilo Krobo 17,147 12,444 4,703 72.6 27.4
Lower Manya Krobo 27,391 15,066 12,325 55.0 45.0
Asuogyaman 8,062 5,296 2,766 65.7 34.3
Upper Manya Krobo 6,103 3,693 2,410 60.5 39.5
Fanteakwa North 7,656 7,385 271 96.5 3.5
Kwahu South 7,401 6,893 508 93.1 6.9
Kwahu West 29,905 28,690 1,215 95.9 4.1
Kwahu East 3,598 1,880 1,718 52.3 47.7
Kwahu Afram Plains South 5,309 797 4,512 15.0 85.0
Kwahu Afram Plains North 4,469 3,300 1,169 73.8 26.2
Ashanti 949,935 686,966 262,969 72.3 27.7
Amansie South 8,586 6,673 1,913 77.7 22.3
Amansie Central 3,919 3,299 620 84.2 15.8
Akrofuom 3,375 2,380 995 70.5 29.5
Adansi South 5,653 4,896 757 86.6 13.4
Obuasi East 20,731 13,054 7,677 63.0 37.0
Obuasi 27,912 19,012 8,900 68.1 31.9
Adansi North 5,813 4,275 1,538 73.5 26.5
Bekwai 13,769 10,632 3,137 77.2 22.8
Amansie West 11,444 8,569 2,875 74.9 25.1
Atwima Kwanwoma 37,157 33,025 4,132 88.9 11.1
Bosomtwi 25,291 21,660 3,631 85.6 14.4
Asante Akim Central 19,124 15,911 3,213 83.2 16.8
Asante Akim South 9,456 8,365 1,091 88.5 11.5
Asante Akim North 18,178 12,538 5,640 69.0 31.0
Sekyere Kumawu 8,809 5,983 2,826 67.9 32.1

Sekyere East 12,844 11,118 1,726 86.6 13.4
Juaben 6,673 5,496 1,177 82.4 17.6
Ejisu 22,303 15,519 6,784 69.6 30.4
Oforikrom 52,302 31,984 20,318 61.2 38.8
Asokwa 39,230 30,937 8,293 78.9 21.1
KMA-Nhyiaeso 35,575 29,283 6,292 82.3 17.7
KMA-Subin 23,240 14,884 8,356 64.0 36.0
KMA-Manhyia South 13,926 11,865 2,061 85.2 14.8
KMA-Manhyia North 28,280 15,429 12,851 54.6 45.4
KMA-Bantama 36,047 29,588 6,459 82.1 17.9
Kwadaso 46,674 37,303 9,371 79.9 20.1
Suame 43,174 33,984 9,190 78.7 21.3
Old Tafo 35,030 23,512 11,518 67.1 32.9
Asokore Mampong 53,450 24,338 29,112 45.5 54.5
Kwabre East 65,605 51,115 14,490 77.9 22.1
Afigya Kwabre South 33,267 29,848 3,419 89.7 10.3
Atwima Nwabiagya North 26,656 22,155 4,501 83.1 16.9
Atwima Nwabiagya 30,139 24,386 5,753 80.9 19.1
Atwima Mponua 7,349 4,367 2,982 59.4 40.6
Ahafo Ano South West 4,495 1,741 2,754 38.7 61.3
Ahafo Ano North 7,519 5,772 1,747 76.8 23.2
Ahafo Ano South East 1,978 931 1,047 47.1 52.9
Offinso North 12,317 4,766 7,551 38.7 61.3
Offinso 17,662 12,105 5,557 68.5 31.5
Afigya Kwabre North 11,396 6,091 5,305 53.4 46.6
Sekyere South 22,073 15,690 6,383 71.1 28.9
Mampong 17,134 14,118 3,016 82.4 17.6
Ejura Sekyedumase 19,766 5,456 14,310 27.6 72.4
Sekyere Central 4,614 2,913 1,701 63.1 36.9
Western North 74,475 66,064 8,411 88.7 11.3
Aowin 5,305 4,022 1,283 75.8 24.2
Sefwi Akontombra 3,771 2,997 774 79.5 20.5
Suaman 4,277 3,998 279 93.5 6.5
Bodi 5,817 4,929 888 84.7 15.3
Sefwi Wiawso 16,037 15,360 677 95.8 4.2
Bibiani Anhwiaso Bekwai 20,810 16,624 4,186 79.9 20.1
Juaboso 7,569 7,375 194 97.4 2.6
Bia West 10,889 10,759 130 98.8 1.2
Ahafo 77,391 50,047 27,344 64.7 35.3
Asunafo South 8,479 6,958 1,521 82.1 17.9
Asunafo North 21,700 14,174 7,526 65.3 34.7
Asutifi South 9,679 4,707 4,972 48.6 51.4
Asutifi North 10,525 7,650 2,875 72.7 27.3
Tano North 13,784 8,906 4,878 64.6 35.4
Tano South 13,224 7,652 5,572 57.9 42.1
Bono 188,935 133,051 55,884 70.4 29.6
Dormaa West 4,343 3,527 816 81.2 18.8
Dormaa Central 13,462 9,779 3,683 72.6 27.4

Dormaa East 13,148 9,659 3,489 73.5 26.5
Sunyani 41,603 34,771 6,832 83.6 16.4
Sunyani West 29,186 21,638 7,548 74.1 25.9
Berekum East 28,119 21,687 6,432 77.1 22.9
Berekum West 4,868 3,759 1,109 77.2 22.8
Jaman South 11,105 8,162 2,943 73.5 26.5
Jaman North 14,217 5,835 8,382 41.0 59.0
Tain 14,518 3,827 10,691 26.4 73.6
Wenchi 14,366 10,407 3,959 72.4 27.6
Bono East 104,783 68,371 36,412 65.3 34.7
Nkoranza South 18,006 13,810 4,196 76.7 23.3
Techiman 53,615 38,941 14,674 72.6 27.4
Nkoranza North 1,510 1,040 470 68.9 31.1
Techiman North 15,947 11,909 4,038 74.7 25.3
Atebubu Amantin 3,191 191 3,000 6.0 94.0
Sene West 4,967 788 4,179 15.9 84.1
Sene East 1,870 146 1,724 7.8 92.2
Pru West 1,544 1,544 0.0 100.0
Kintampo South 2,519 1,546 973 61.4 38.6
Kintampo North 1,614 1,614 0.0 100.0
Oti 57,273 26,161 31,112 45.7 54.3
Biakoye 7,552 4,347 3,205 57.6 42.4
Jasikan 4,104 3,588 516 87.4 12.6
Kadjebi 6,634 4,466 2,168 67.3 32.7
Krachi East 9,301 3,001 6,300 32.3 67.7
Krachi West 3,923 2,140 1,783 54.6 45.4
Krachi Nchumuru 5,496 2,135 3,361 38.8 61.2
Nkwanta South 11,445 6,353 5,092 55.5 44.5
Nkwanta North 8,818 131 8,687 1.5 98.5
Northern 224,567 58,922 165,645 26.2 73.8
Kpandai 4,609 579 4,030 12.6 87.4
Nanumba South 4,118 279 3,839 6.8 93.2
Nanumba North 10,368 877 9,491 8.5 91.5
Zabzugu 4,345 133 4,212 3.1 96.9
Tatale Sanguli 2,509 1,059 1,450 42.2 57.8
Saboba 2,641 937 1,704 35.5 64.5
Yendi 16,597 2,521 14,076 15.2 84.8
Nanton 2,469 152 2,317 6.2 93.8
TMA-Tamale South 55,712 8,557 47,155 15.4 84.6
TMA-Tamale Central 33,299 6,258 27,041 18.8 81.2
Sagnarigu 58,529 34,884 23,645 59.6 40.4
Tolon 1,858 1,858 0.0 100.0
Kumbungu 4,537 222 4,315 4.9 95.1
Savelugu 14,666 2,109 12,557 14.4 85.6
Karaga 899 81 818 9.0 91.0
Gushegu 7,411 274 7,137 3.7 96.3
Savannah 32,515 7,553 24,962 23.2 76.8
Bole 10,572 2,700 7,872 25.5 74.5

Sawla Tuna Kalba 5,510 3,483 2,027 63.2 36.8
North Gonja 3,903 3,903 0.0 100.0
West Gonja 7,032 1,087 5,945 15.5 84.5
Central Gonja 5,498 283 5,215 5.1 94.9
North East 18,195 3,801 14,394 20.9 79.1
Mamprugu Moagduri 2,414 2,414 0.0 100.0
West Mamprusi 1,498 49 1,449 3.3 96.7
East Mamprusi 7,033 1,901 5,132 27.0 73.0
Bunkpurugu Nakpanduri 4,424 1,561 2,863 35.3 64.7
Chereponi 2,826 290 2,536 10.3 89.7
Upper East 71,785 36,229 35,556 50.5 49.5
Builsa South 1,442 296 1,146 20.5 79.5
Builsa North 1,784 1,426 358 79.9 20.1
Kasena Nankana 7,694 5,237 2,457 68.1 31.9
Kasena Nankana West 3,419 1,596 1,823 46.7 53.3
Bolgatanga 22,746 13,034 9,712 57.3 42.7
Talensi 1,717 110 1,607 6.4 93.6
Bolgatanga East 2,531 1,373 1,158 54.2 45.8
Bongo 1,621 596 1,025 36.8 63.2
Bawku West 4,926 4,337 589 88.0 12.0
Bawku 17,047 5,472 11,575 32.1 67.9
Garu 2,525 2,249 276 89.1 10.9
Pusiga 4,333 503 3,830 11.6 88.4
Upper West 60,065 35,913 24,152 59.8 40.2
Wa East 1,506 1,506 0.0 100.0
Wa 38,200 22,590 15,610 59.1 40.9
Nadowli Kaleo 3,152 1,473 1,679 46.7 53.3
Sissala East 4,653 3,624 1,029 77.9 22.1
Sissala West 1,964 428 1,536 21.8 78.2
Jirapa 4,489 3,673 816 81.8 18.2
Lawra 2,372 1,915 457 80.7 19.3
Lambussie Karni 1,971 452 1,519 22.9 77.1
Nandom 1,758 1,758 100.0 0.0

TABLE 6.4: SLUM NEIGHBOURHOOD STATUS BY DISTRICT, INTENSITY AND LOCALITIES
District
Neighbourhoods Localities
Total
Non-
slum
Slum
Slum intensity
Total
Non-
slum
Slum
Low Moderate
High/
Extreme
National 24,654 16,251 8,403 4,127 4,177 99 1,789 1,313 476
Jomoro 84 31 53 23 26 4 3 1 2
Ellembelle 50 30 20 11 9 0 4 3 1
Nzema East 31 7 24 8 16 0 3 0 3
Ahanta West 45 25 20 7 13 0 6 2 4
Effia Kwesimintsim 364 239 125 63 62 0 19 15 4
STMA-Takoradi 120 84 36 13 23 0 5 3 2
STMA-Sekondi 96 64 32 16 16 0 11 7 4
STMA-Essikado-Ketan 214 137 77 39 38 0 32 22 10
Shama 108 36 72 19 53 0 8 4 4
Wassa East 16 12 4 3 1 0 2 2 0
Mpohor 17 7 10 4 6 0 2 1 1
Tarkwa-Nsuaem 154 104 50 35 15 0 16 13 3
Prestea/Huni Valley 131 62 69 43 26 0 8 4 4
Wassa Amenfi East 46 41 5 5 0 0 4 4 0
Wassa Amenfi Central 18 13 5 5 0 0 3 3 0
Wassa Amenfi West 58 35 23 17 6 0 4 3 1
Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem 95 36 59 26 33 0 5 1 4
CCMA-Cape Coast South 180 120 60 38 22 0 57 45 12
CCMA-Cape Coast North 224 169 55 34 21 0 49 38 11
Abura Asebu Kwamankese 78 37 41 9 32 0 13 3 10
Mfantsiman 133 69 64 25 39 0 7 3 4
Ekumfi 18 1 17 3 14 0 2 0 2
Gomoa West 96 26 70 16 54 0 4 1 3
Effutu 109 67 42 13 29 0 3 2 1
Gomoa Central 23 17 6 5 1 0 4 4 0
Gomoa East 234 188 46 11 33 2 7 7 0
Awutu Senya East 190 167 23 12 11 0 32 27 5
Awutu Senya 149 77 72 31 41 0 5 4 1
Agona East 71 44 27 11 16 0 4 3 1
Agona West 158 123 35 31 4 0 4 4 0
Asikuma Odoben Brakwa 102 73 29 21 8 0 6 4 2
Ajumako Enyan Essiam 55 50 5 5 0 0 5 5 0
Twifo Heman Lower Denkyira 20 16 4 4 0 0 2 2 0
Twifo Ati Morkwa 26 19 7 6 1 0 1 1 0
Assin Fosu 72 64 8 8 0 0 1 1 0
Assin North 31 30 1 1 0 0 3 3 0

District
Total
Non-
slum
Slum
Slum intensity
Total
Non-
slum
Slum
Low Moderate
High/
Extreme
National 24,654 16,251 8,403 4,127 4,177 99 1,789 1,313 476
Upper Denkyira East 69 59 10 10 0 0 3 3 0
Upper Denkyira West 25 25 0 0 0 0 4 4 0
Ga South 320 284 36 20 16 0 21 20 1
Weija Gbawe 290 252 38 23 14 1 11 9 2
Ga Central 397 395 2 1 1 0 20 20 0
Ablekuma North 270 235 35 25 10 0 7 7 0
Ablekuma West 217 156 61 16 45 0 14 10 4
Ablekuma Central 290 182 108 51 57 0 10 8 2
AMA-Ablekuma South 187 102 85 35 50 0 6 4 2
AMA-Ashiedu Keteke 207 34 173 46 127 0 5 0 5
AMA-Okaikoi South 140 123 17 13 4 0 6 5 1
Korle Klottey 119 85 34 20 14 0 14 8 6
Ayawaso Central 162 148 14 14 0 0 6 6 0
Ayawaso East 92 44 48 31 17 0 2 1 1
Ayawaso North 103 69 34 19 15 0 2 2 0
La Dade-Kotopon 296 209 87 64 23 0 10 9 1
Ledzokuku 226 150 76 31 45 0 9 8 1
Krowor 190 134 56 23 33 0 11 10 1
Adentan 313 287 26 20 6 0 20 19 1
Ayawaso West 86 78 8 7 1 0 10 9 1
Okaikoi North 232 206 26 19 7 0 17 14 3
Ga North 186 173 13 8 5 0 20 20 0
Ga West 109 100 9 8 1 0 22 20 2
Ga East 306 294 12 10 2 0 23 23 0
La Nkwantanang Madina 239 229 10 10 0 0 8 8 0
Kpone Katamanso 302 184 118 72 46 0 11 5 6
Ashaiman 285 93 192 63 129 0 31 13 18
Tema West 178 167 11 9 2 0 7 7 0
TMA-Tema Central 92 90 2 2 0 0 8 8 0
TMA-Tema East 156 32 124 5 118 1 3 1 2
Ningo-Prampram 182 126 56 26 29 1 13 8 5
Shai-Osudoku 50 28 22 11 11 0 6 4 2
Ada West 21 12 9 2 7 0 2 1 1
Ada East 25 16 9 4 5 0 2 1 1
South Tongu 41 28 13 8 5 0 4 3 1
Anloga 43 18 25 16 9 0 2 0 2
Keta 52 29 23 15 8 0 4 3 1
Ketu South 12 11 1 0 1 0 3 3 0

District
Total
Non-
slum
Slum
Slum intensity
Total
Non-
slum
Slum
Low Moderate
High/
Extreme
National 24,654 16,251 8,403 4,127 4,177 99 1,789 1,313 476
Ketu North 30 17 13 10 3 0 3 2 1
Akatsi South 45 36 9 9 0 0 1 1 0
Central Tongu 20 17 3 3 0 0 1 1 0
North Tongu 53 34 19 8 11 0 2 1 1
Ho West 20 16 4 4 0 0 1 1 0
Agortime-Ziope 20 13 7 3 4 0 1 1 0
Ho 238 222 16 16 0 0 58 56 2
South Dayi 28 14 14 3 11 0 2 1 1
Kpando 48 44 4 4 0 0 1 1 0
Hohoe 121 96 25 17 8 0 23 20 3
Birim South 29 21 8 7 1 0 1 1 0
Birim Central 107 91 16 11 5 0 3 3 0
Achiase 49 45 4 4 0 0 2 2 0
Asene Manso Akroso 43 36 7 5 2 0 2 2 0
West Akim 13 4 9 8 1 0 1 1 0
Upper West Akim 16 8 8 6 2 0 2 1 1
Ayensuano 29 19 10 8 2 0 5 4 1
Nsawam Adoagyiri 94 58 36 25 11 0 6 6 0
Akwapim South 31 24 7 7 0 0 4 4 0
Akwapim North 79 71 8 8 0 0 8 8 0
Okere 12 11 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
New Juaben South 203 189 14 14 0 0 25 25 0
New Juaben North 86 75 11 7 4 0 4 4 0
Suhum 70 57 13 11 2 0 2 2 0
Abuakwa North 83 70 13 13 0 0 3 3 0
Abuakwa South 63 60 3 3 0 0 5 4 1
Denkyembuor 106 80 26 20 6 0 13 10 3
Akyemansa 35 29 6 5 1 0 3 3 0
Kwaebibirem 79 76 3 3 0 0 16 16 0
Birim North 38 37 1 1 0 0 3 3 0
Atiwa West 28 27 1 1 0 0 2 2 0
Atiwa East 33 31 2 2 0 0 3 3 0
Fanteakwa South 26 20 6 5 1 0 3 2 1
Yilo Krobo 60 37 23 19 4 0 5 5 0
Lower Manya Krobo 118 59 59 37 22 0 8 7 1
Asuogyaman 46 34 12 8 4 0 3 3 0
Upper Manya Krobo 26 14 12 5 7 0 2 1 1
Fanteakwa North 48 47 1 1 0 0 1 1 0

District
Total
Non-
slum
Slum
Slum intensity
Total
Non-
slum
Slum
Low Moderate
High/
Extreme
National 24,654 16,251 8,403 4,127 4,177 99 1,789 1,313 476
Kwahu South 30 27 3 2 1 0 3 3 0
Kwahu West 116 109 7 7 0 0 29 28 1
Kwahu East 19 10 9 5 4 0 2 1 1
Kwahu Afram Plains South 58 8 50 26 24 0 2 0 2
Kwahu Afram Plains North 25 18 7 6 1 0 1 1 0
Amansie South 25 19 6 5 1 0 3 3 0
Amansie Central 35 29 6 4 2 0 1 1 0
Akrofuom 13 6 7 7 0 0 1 1 0
Adansi South 42 36 6 5 1 0 1 1 0
Obuasi East 108 65 43 21 22 0 9 6 3
Obuasi 166 108 58 36 22 0 26 18 8
Adansi North 32 21 11 11 0 0 3 3 0
Bekwai 85 63 22 19 3 0 5 5 0
Amansie West 56 37 19 10 9 0 5 5 0
Atwima Kwanwoma 161 141 20 15 5 0 17 17 0
Bosomtwi 134 116 18 12 6 0 10 9 1
Asante Akim Central 106 83 23 18 5 0 3 3 0
Asante Akim South 57 51 6 4 2 0 4 4 0
Asante Akim North 102 65 37 28 9 0 4 4 0
Sekyere Kumawu 86 57 29 22 7 0 4 4 0
Sekyere East 98 83 15 13 2 0 2 2 0
Juaben 27 22 5 5 0 0 2 2 0
Ejisu 97 63 34 27 7 0 9 9 0
Oforikrom 479 308 171 54 117 0 22 17 5
Asokwa 268 212 56 25 31 0 13 12 1
KMA-Nhyiaeso 280 240 40 21 19 0 23 21 2
KMA-Subin 224 156 68 32 36 0 10 9 1
KMA-Manhyia South 142 122 20 11 9 0 5 5 0
KMA-Manhyia North 238 133 105 43 62 0 9 6 3
KMA-Bantama 313 256 57 37 20 0 31 29 2
Kwadaso 299 239 60 32 28 0 20 18 2
Suame 311 244 67 26 41 0 10 9 1
Old Tafo 266 166 100 34 66 0 8 5 3
Asokore Mampong 343 145 198 80 118 0 19 13 6
Kwabre East 382 293 89 50 39 0 20 19 1
Afigya Kwabre South 151 133 18 10 8 0 14 14 0
Atwima Nwabiagya North 100 83 17 12 5 0 10 10 0
Atwima Nwabiagya 137 106 31 16 15 0 12 11 1

District
Total
Non-
slum
Slum
Slum intensity
Total
Non-
slum
Slum
Low Moderate
High/
Extreme
National 24,654 16,251 8,403 4,127 4,177 99 1,789 1,313 476
Atwima Mponua 52 31 21 17 4 0 2 1 1
Ahafo Ano South West 29 11 18 7 11 0 2 1 1
Ahafo Ano North 42 30 12 8 4 0 1 1 0
Ahafo Ano South East 15 5 10 7 3 0 1 1 0
Offinso North 71 25 46 24 22 0 3 0 3
Offinso 90 56 34 22 12 0 12 10 2
Afigya Kwabre North 61 31 30 20 9 1 6 4 2
Sekyere South 110 69 41 33 8 0 9 7 2
Mampong 100 78 22 14 8 0 17 16 1
Ejura Sekyedumase 127 32 95 29 65 1 2 1 1
Sekyere Central 37 23 14 11 3 0 2 1 1
Aowin 22 14 8 6 2 0 1 1 0
Sefwi Akontombra 20 14 6 5 1 0 2 2 0
Suaman 18 16 2 2 0 0 1 1 0
Bodi 37 30 7 7 0 0 3 3 0
Sefwi Wiawso 96 92 4 3 1 0 5 5 0
Bibiani Anhwiaso Bekwai 89 66 23 9 14 0 7 7 0
Juaboso 28 26 2 0 2 0 6 5 1
Bia West 68 66 2 2 0 0 5 5 0
Asunafo South 50 36 14 13 1 0 3 3 0
Asunafo North 108 60 48 32 16 0 4 3 1
Asutifi South 63 29 34 21 13 0 4 3 1
Asutifi North 54 35 19 10 9 0 3 3 0
Tano North 112 68 44 39 5 0 4 4 0
Tano South 67 30 37 18 19 0 3 2 1
Dormaa West 25 19 6 5 1 0 1 1 0
Dormaa Central 81 57 24 19 5 0 2 2 0
Dormaa East 77 54 23 18 5 0 5 5 0
Sunyani 225 184 41 20 21 0 27 25 2
Sunyani West 141 93 48 23 25 0 5 5 0
Berekum East 176 122 54 35 19 0 5 5 0
Berekum West 24 18 6 6 0 0 2 2 0
Jaman South 65 43 22 15 7 0 4 3 1
Jaman North 106 37 69 28 41 0 17 6 11
Tain 73 16 57 34 23 0 6 1 5
Wenchi 70 49 21 16 5 0 2 2 0
Nkoranza South 96 69 27 20 7 0 4 2 2
Techiman 301 209 92 52 40 0 10 7 3

District
Total
Non-
slum
Slum
Slum intensity
Total
Non-
slum
Slum
Low Moderate
High/
Extreme
National 24,654 16,251 8,403 4,127 4,177 99 1,789 1,313 476
Nkoranza North 10 5 5 5 0 0 1 1 0
Techiman North 104 72 32 23 9 0 5 4 1
Atebubu Amantin 23 1 22 1 21 0 1 0 1
Sene West 34 5 29 8 21 0 2 0 2
Sene East 13 1 12 5 7 0 1 0 1
Pru West 11 0 11 1 10 0 1 0 1
Kintampo South 18 10 8 5 3 0 1 1 0
Kintampo North 14 0 14 0 13 1 1 0 1
Biakoye 56 29 27 20 3 4 4 1 3
Jasikan 20 17 3 3 0 0 1 1 0
Kadjebi 43 29 14 14 0 0 3 3 0
Krachi East 78 24 54 22 32 0 3 0 3
Krachi West 17 9 8 5 3 0 1 0 1
Krachi Nchumuru 42 17 25 16 9 0 3 2 1
Nkwanta South 58 34 24 18 6 0 2 1 1
Nkwanta North 47 2 45 24 21 0 1 0 1
Kpandai 27 3 24 12 12 0 1 0 1
Nanumba South 31 2 29 5 23 1 2 0 2
Nanumba North 125 9 116 31 84 1 3 0 3
Zabzugu 48 3 45 16 28 1 1 0 1
Tatale Sanguli 22 10 12 8 4 0 1 0 1
Saboba 13 4 9 7 2 0 1 0 1
Yendi 158 25 133 42 91 0 2 0 2
Nanton 32 3 29 10 19 0 2 0 2
TMA-Tamale South 354 49 305 69 173 63 65 1 64
TMA-Tamale Central 361 71 290 104 186 0 22 2 20
Sagnarigu 336 187 149 81 67 1 22 12 10
Tolon 10 0 10 4 4 2 1 0 1
Kumbungu 42 2 40 4 36 0 2 0 2
Savelugu 102 9 93 24 64 5 3 0 3
Karaga 11 1 10 1 9 0 1 0 1
Gushegu 59 3 56 16 40 0 2 0 2
Bole 46 10 36 19 15 2 3 0 3
Sawla Tuna Kalba 37 18 19 16 3 0 2 2 0
North Gonja 20 0 20 2 16 2 2 0 2
West Gonja 48 8 40 18 21 1 1 0 1
Central Gonja 42 2 40 7 31 2 1 0 1
Mamprugu Moagduri 17 0 17 0 17 0 2 0 2

District
Total
Non-
slum
Slum
Slum intensity
Total
Non-
slum
Slum
Low Moderate
High/
Extreme
National 24,654 16,251 8,403 4,127 4,177 99 1,789 1,313 476
West Mamprusi 14 1 13 5 8 0 1 0 1
East Mamprusi 73 18 55 17 37 1 2 0 2
Bunkpurugu Nakpanduri 45 16 29 14 15 0 2 0 2
Chereponi 25 3 22 10 11 1 1 0 1
Builsa South 9 3 6 5 1 0 1 0 1
Builsa North 12 10 2 2 0 0 1 1 0
Kasena Nankana 54 35 19 15 4 0 1 1 0
Kasena Nankana West 25 12 13 8 5 0 1 0 1
Bolgatanga 161 85 76 53 23 0 15 9 6
Talensi 14 1 13 2 11 0 1 0 1
Bolgatanga East 14 6 8 6 2 0 2 1 1
Bongo 11 5 6 4 2 0 1 0 1
Bawku West 20 18 2 2 0 0 2 2 0
Bawku 153 46 107 57 50 0 27 5 22
Garu 15 12 3 3 0 0 1 1 0
Pusiga 42 6 36 19 17 0 4 0 4
Wa East 7 0 7 1 6 0 1 0 1
Wa 251 146 105 59 46 0 24 12 12
Nadowli Kaleo 24 12 12 9 3 0 2 1 1
Sissala East 28 21 7 6 1 0 1 1 0
Sissala West 15 4 11 7 4 0 1 0 1
Jirapa 33 26 7 7 0 0 1 1 0
Lawra 13 10 3 3 0 0 1 1 0
Lambussie Karni 16 4 12 6 6 0 1 0 1
Nandom 15 15 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

TABLE 6.5: POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHOLDS IN SLUMS BY DISTRICTS
A04a. Region
Population Household
Population
Children
<4
Never
attended
school (4
years+)
Not-
literate (6
years +)
Total
Households
Unimproved
cooking fuel
Uncovered
receptacles
Not-
collected
disposable
method
National 9,275,296 1,137,111 1,868,931 2,455,688 2,689,040 1,479,090 1,835,687 1,437,067
Western 370,070 40,879 58,503 79,632 119,492 56,444 82,243 69,935
Jomoro 21,553 2,596 4,273 5,451 7,416 3,273 5,454 5,861
Ellembelle 11,791 1,355 2,386 3,070 4,487 2,096 3,418 2,840
Nzema East 17,610 1,936 4,058 5,992 5,444 3,516 4,379 2,128
Ahanta West 16,823 1,910 3,430 4,792 5,300 2,898 3,676 4,117
Effia Kwesimintsim 61,624 6,413 7,004 8,800 19,375 7,201 12,152 5,651
STMA-Takoradi 16,956 1,684 2,271 2,837 5,645 2,612 2,994 2,511
STMA-Sekondi 17,582 1,644 1,942 2,597 5,931 2,968 3,917 1,388
STMA-Essikado-Ketan 43,094 4,582 5,587 7,293 13,682 6,851 9,328 8,248
Shama 45,275 5,486 10,202 12,496 13,008 8,155 9,677 9,624
Wassa East 2,647 339 512 707 835 511 605 684
Mpohor 6,948 764 1,314 2,152 2,396 1,439 2,064 2,389
Tarkwa-Nsuaem 32,595 3,596 4,086 6,102 10,858 3,858 7,224 8,709
Prestea/Huni Valley 51,019 5,683 7,190 10,930 16,471 7,019 11,083 7,822
Wassa Amenfi East 4,095 480 985 1,118 1,408 644 894 1,088
Wassa Amenfi Central 3,609 395 481 742 1,345 762 775 1,111
Wassa Amenfi West 16,849 2,016 2,782 4,553 5,891 2,641 4,603 5,764
Central 394,091 45,833 81,284 116,769 125,243 81,571 97,854 89,500
Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem 36,524 4,091 8,285 11,260 11,338 8,569 9,383 7,654
CCMA-Cape Coast South 22,907 2,393 3,639 5,412 8,028 5,273 5,593 4,723
CCMA-Cape Coast North 28,380 3,119 3,387 4,920 9,689 5,663 7,106 5,421
Abura Asebu Kwamankese 23,784 2,916 7,896 10,134 6,803 5,737 5,706 5,299
Mfantsiman 46,532 5,535 10,949 15,262 15,516 11,619 12,324 12,770
Ekumfi 12,711 1,580 3,565 5,315 3,548 2,956 3,166 3,170
Gomoa West 36,738 4,501 10,223 14,331 10,800 8,252 8,762 9,147
Effutu 31,115 3,665 8,418 11,671 9,810 6,747 7,732 8,672
Gomoa Central 4,186 559 592 938 1,232 754 988 749
Gomoa East 30,208 3,443 4,902 7,158 9,453 4,566 7,796 5,137
Awutu Senya East 15,448 1,615 2,181 2,492 4,722 1,494 3,946 747
Awutu Senya 36,059 4,548 8,062 12,194 11,357 7,138 8,161 10,583
Agona East 16,515 1,833 2,025 3,656 5,683 3,452 4,679 4,468
Agona West 17,125 1,796 2,132 3,519 6,138 2,763 4,428 2,856
Asikuma Odoben Brakwa 13,979 1,753 2,081 3,662 3,991 3,006 3,144 3,806
Ajumako Enyan Essiam 3,830 491 511 1,047 1,297 868 1,047 1,118
Twifo Heman Lower Denkyira 2,199 218 443 505 684 407 549 651
Twifo Ati Morkwa 5,721 606 792 1,373 1,767 785 989 1,131
Assin Fosu 3,156 350 265 430 1,176 578 833 528
Assin North 552 71 45 104 172 100 75 153
Upper Denkyira East 6,422 750 891 1,386 2,039 844 1,447 717
Greater Accra 1,108,675 114,226 151,863 186,063 371,756 119,852 248,377 111,130
Ga South 27,390 3,277 4,954 6,100 8,696 3,489 6,564 4,773
Weija Gbawe 24,848 2,836 2,587 3,348 7,961 2,679 5,241 2,356
Ga Central 1,989 228 120 202 707 185 527 105
Ablekuma North 19,226 1,812 1,845 2,236 6,638 1,408 4,596 120
Ablekuma West 70,492 7,669 6,264 8,753 22,809 6,596 15,284 4,731
Ablekuma Central 65,330 6,156 10,227 11,453 22,086 6,623 16,074 548
AMA-Ablekuma South 54,252 5,402 6,938 9,167 17,991 6,073 10,825 6,346

A04a. Region
Population
Children
<4
Never
attended
school (4
years+)
Not-
literate (6
years +)
Total
Households
Unimproved
cooking fuel
Uncovered
receptacles
Not-
collected
disposable
method
National 9,275,296 1,137,111 1,868,931 2,455,688 2,689,040 1,479,090 1,835,687 1,437,067
AMA-Ashiedu Keteke 75,908 5,935 24,453 27,067 29,954 15,138 24,086 4,849
AMA-Okaikoi South 12,392 875 1,616 1,843 4,886 1,476 2,966 802
Korle Klottey 21,857 1,754 2,602 3,192 8,605 2,922 6,813 1,549
Ayawaso Central 9,863 978 1,387 1,678 3,470 859 1,841 289
Ayawaso East 31,661 2,909 6,443 6,567 10,133 3,991 5,939 285
Ayawaso North 21,852 2,061 3,663 3,946 7,105 2,046 3,563 57
La Dade-Kotopon 46,036 3,805 2,689 3,543 16,616 4,230 11,176 430
Ledzokuku 47,984 4,422 6,207 8,150 17,497 6,476 12,546 6,241
Krowor 39,689 3,649 3,453 4,988 14,152 3,518 8,970 1,502
Adentan 17,805 1,727 1,360 1,630 6,103 1,335 3,636 2,170
Ayawaso West 6,579 532 609 859 2,754 813 1,521 1,610
Okaikoi North 21,028 1,856 1,971 2,501 7,288 1,601 4,823 946
Ga North 10,424 1,091 960 1,433 3,717 949 2,986 687
Ga West 9,986 1,141 1,543 2,037 3,059 1,167 2,075 1,634
Ga East 13,834 1,335 1,046 1,450 4,744 1,287 2,997 1,228
La Nkwantanang Madina 12,731 1,218 1,716 2,001 4,575 1,267 3,053 802
Kpone Katamanso 156,881 20,150 14,084 18,566 45,845 11,105 27,544 27,837
Ashaiman 107,912 11,328 13,136 15,999 36,806 11,338 26,484 1,932
Tema West 18,462 1,867 1,632 1,863 7,259 1,733 4,837 2,943
TMA-Tema Central 5,307 568 413 433 1,836 358 1,133 1,102
TMA-Tema East 87,644 8,976 12,924 15,688 27,752 9,624 16,533 16,503
Ningo-Prampram 43,437 5,407 9,356 11,921 13,162 5,164 8,398 10,631
Shai-Osudoku 13,654 1,759 2,205 3,020 4,286 2,275 2,903 3,414
Ada West 7,833 1,024 2,308 3,064 1,981 1,366 1,506 1,803
Ada East 4,389 479 1,152 1,365 1,283 761 937 905
Volta 104,012 11,573 18,629 28,902 31,886 19,611 22,617 22,903
South Tongu 8,821 957 1,615 2,511 2,706 1,689 1,682 1,415
Anloga 15,901 1,697 3,388 5,634 4,420 2,362 3,596 4,250
Keta 17,884 1,864 3,340 5,075 5,586 3,093 4,714 5,470
Ketu South 551 49 189 221 199 149 161 198
Ketu North 6,283 683 1,526 2,162 2,207 1,681 1,572 2,009
Akatsi South 5,900 688 984 1,359 1,853 1,104 947 1,679
Central Tongu 1,698 202 299 468 434 320 259 426
North Tongu 12,063 1,609 1,796 3,022 3,672 2,488 2,262 2,334
Ho West 1,295 121 69 167 438 309 323 230
Agortime-Ziope 2,650 257 457 583 1,005 641 635 550
Ho 6,046 545 662 931 2,271 859 1,521 914
South Dayi 8,989 1,106 1,966 3,325 2,320 1,903 1,629 1,277
Kpando 1,791 176 478 523 570 345 434 291
Hohoe 14,140 1,619 1,860 2,921 4,205 2,668 2,882 1,860
Eastern 212,465 23,153 31,931 49,205 69,048 42,504 51,522 38,547
Birim South 2,002 220 248 380 731 425 489 138
Birim Central 6,325 769 711 1,366 2,233 1,178 1,813 1,744
Achiase 932 122 185 310 302 234 233 236
Asene Manso Akroso 3,102 325 481 796 1,132 679 837 1,127
West Akim 4,861 527 472 1,023 1,653 895 1,274 1,638
Upper West Akim 6,028 689 1,058 1,584 1,869 1,293 1,404 1,851
Ayensuano 6,638 802 948 1,708 1,998 1,566 1,689 1,628
Nsawam Adoagyiri 21,297 2,143 2,761 4,068 7,587 2,966 5,420 1,300
Akwapim South 4,026 406 361 579 1,293 555 673 918

A04a. Region
Population
Children
<4
Never
attended
school (4
years+)
Not-
literate (6
years +)
Total
Households
Unimproved
cooking fuel
Uncovered
receptacles
Not-
collected
disposable
method
National 9,275,296 1,137,111 1,868,931 2,455,688 2,689,040 1,479,090 1,835,687 1,437,067
Akwapim North 3,776 385 426 560 1,324 880 977 995
Okere 490 53 59 84 175 125 74 106
New Juaben South 6,278 544 703 1,014 2,479 1,248 1,815 67
New Juaben North 8,031 716 644 844 2,880 1,154 1,968 458
Suhum 5,870 623 610 1,115 2,013 1,070 1,538 978
Abuakwa North 5,986 638 677 1,227 1,935 1,141 1,427 1,744
Abuakwa South 2,401 262 275 471 727 452 518 724
Denkyembuor 9,909 986 1,172 1,921 3,604 1,882 2,642 2,410
Akyemansa 3,584 411 440 812 1,269 875 1,064 1,079
Kwaebibirem 1,293 136 139 182 468 247 285 25
Birim North 419 38 35 85 148 100 137 147
Atiwa West 865 99 94 245 241 141 157 240
Atiwa East 995 108 129 213 365 149 281 350
Fanteakwa South 3,249 322 434 798 1,025 745 828 966
Yilo Krobo 13,149 1,265 1,555 2,532 4,703 2,635 3,660 3,119
Lower Manya Krobo 38,891 3,852 7,155 9,680 12,325 8,711 9,461 6,318
Asuogyaman 8,376 845 1,022 1,570 2,766 1,869 1,870 1,321
Upper Manya Krobo 9,706 1,314 2,567 4,061 2,410 1,895 1,904 1,207
Fanteakwa North 662 78 53 102 271 183 239 258
Kwahu South 1,411 173 182 330 508 411 434 499
Kwahu West 3,967 505 377 756 1,215 612 915 398
Kwahu East 6,691 977 1,080 1,716 1,718 1,356 1,138 1,249
Kwahu Afram Plains South 17,359 2,344 3,909 5,761 4,512 3,870 3,489 2,603
Kwahu Afram Plains North 3,896 476 969 1,312 1,169 962 869 706
Ashanti 862,000 99,567 124,979 178,955 262,969 131,723 150,493 115,079
Amansie South 4,639 566 1,112 1,597 1,913 996 1,744 1,899
Amansie Central 1,768 179 313 407 620 403 444 391
Akrofuom 2,713 311 278 588 995 561 810 185
Adansi South 2,172 237 291 458 757 375 375 437
Obuasi East 22,797 2,383 2,545 3,991 7,677 2,613 3,386 3,717
Obuasi 25,933 2,501 2,406 3,571 8,900 2,955 4,654 2,726
Adansi North 4,583 494 558 847 1,538 876 1,106 859
Bekwai 10,218 1,196 1,187 1,734 3,137 1,681 1,849 2,502
Amansie West 10,050 1,284 1,637 2,714 2,875 1,716 2,132 2,391
Atwima Kwanwoma 13,443 1,509 1,408 2,172 4,132 1,893 2,145 3,287
Bosomtwi 10,941 1,302 923 1,592 3,631 1,805 1,835 2,492
Asante Akim Central 9,330 1,030 1,119 1,813 3,213 1,961 2,115 1,935
Asante Akim South 4,041 476 475 879 1,091 820 902 823
Asante Akim North 16,689 2,104 2,479 4,061 5,640 3,991 4,116 3,408
Sekyere Kumawu 10,456 1,242 977 2,051 2,826 2,173 2,220 2,223
Sekyere East 5,825 719 539 987 1,726 1,155 1,045 1,119
Juaben 3,693 421 266 617 1,177 749 908 357
Ejisu 20,626 2,233 3,179 4,368 6,784 3,371 3,976 3,983
Oforikrom 65,412 7,030 9,591 12,551 20,318 8,342 10,247 3,220
Asokwa 24,499 2,669 2,938 3,951 8,293 3,196 4,228 2,042
KMA-Nhyiaeso 18,436 1,823 2,002 2,772 6,292 2,614 2,926 1,270
KMA-Subin 23,511 2,228 5,480 5,889 8,356 3,093 5,357 2,236
KMA-Manhyia South 5,503 488 383 661 2,061 756 993 456
KMA-Manhyia North 40,667 4,523 6,023 8,294 12,851 5,359 6,188 974
KMA-Bantama 19,643 1,955 1,935 3,071 6,459 2,204 3,001 887

A04a. Region
Population
Children
<4
Never
attended
school (4
years+)
Not-
literate (6
years +)
Total
Households
Unimproved
cooking fuel
Uncovered
receptacles
Not-
collected
disposable
method
National 9,275,296 1,137,111 1,868,931 2,455,688 2,689,040 1,479,090 1,835,687 1,437,067
Kwadaso 27,496 2,936 2,352 3,699 9,371 3,416 4,569 2,189
Suame 28,100 3,044 3,095 4,431 9,190 3,558 4,206 1,207
Old Tafo 37,192 4,084 4,233 6,022 11,518 4,865 5,160 1,164
Asokore Mampong 102,821 11,213 19,157 24,114 29,112 13,276 14,552 2,495
Kwabre East 48,796 5,920 5,296 8,135 14,490 7,855 7,694 11,218
Afigya Kwabre South 11,811 1,528 1,368 2,073 3,419 1,634 1,525 988
Atwima Nwabiagya North 14,555 1,714 1,572 2,657 4,501 2,101 2,615 3,569
Atwima Nwabiagya 18,944 2,252 1,877 3,217 5,753 2,712 3,133 4,558
Atwima Mponua 9,503 1,156 1,122 1,815 2,982 1,954 2,166 2,897
Ahafo Ano South West 8,524 1,117 1,248 1,887 2,754 1,618 1,942 2,021
Ahafo Ano North 4,868 538 509 802 1,747 833 1,062 1,669
Ahafo Ano South East 3,596 424 446 729 1,047 681 735 869
Offinso North 26,985 3,687 5,979 8,947 7,551 5,539 6,235 7,406
Offinso 19,939 2,600 3,185 4,920 5,557 3,883 4,106 4,423
Afigya Kwabre North 19,979 2,750 3,125 5,249 5,305 3,959 3,751 4,434
Sekyere South 23,585 3,005 2,482 4,155 6,383 4,595 4,785 5,793
Mampong 10,708 1,385 1,431 2,306 3,016 2,071 1,893 2,324
Ejura Sekyedumase 61,463 8,633 15,758 21,013 14,310 10,328 10,495 8,799
Sekyere Central 5,547 678 700 1,148 1,701 1,187 1,167 1,237
Western North 27,665 2,969 4,528 6,418 8,411 4,718 5,482 5,368
Aowin 3,342 261 682 938 1,283 508 763 721
Sefwi Akontombra 2,649 292 484 686 774 501 528 715
Suaman 808 73 145 188 279 166 174 267
Bodi 3,940 458 734 1,124 888 686 716 551
Sefwi Wiawso 1,755 154 291 372 677 360 518 636
Bibiani Anhwiaso Bekwai 13,806 1,576 1,909 2,760 4,186 2,241 2,638 2,168
Juaboso 849 92 206 265 194 175 83 193
Bia West 516 63 77 85 130 81 62 117
Ahafo 88,420 10,164 13,749 21,938 27,344 17,640 19,129 20,447
Asunafo South 4,822 561 634 1,038 1,521 1,081 1,193 1,260
Asunafo North 23,077 2,505 3,287 5,441 7,526 4,710 4,890 4,618
Asutifi South 16,446 2,101 2,883 4,564 4,972 3,155 3,146 4,479
Asutifi North 8,646 916 1,409 2,056 2,875 1,643 1,973 1,244
Tano North 14,988 1,639 1,650 2,785 4,878 2,952 3,560 3,687
Tano South 20,441 2,442 3,886 6,054 5,572 4,099 4,367 5,159
Bono 203,082 23,160 35,590 52,988 55,884 37,090 42,000 40,143
Dormaa West 3,125 377 653 854 816 500 667 338
Dormaa Central 10,266 992 1,066 1,866 3,683 1,802 2,384 2,217
Dormaa East 12,253 1,348 1,964 3,061 3,489 2,482 2,821 3,169
Sunyani 19,290 1,924 3,063 3,846 6,832 2,926 4,071 3,396
Sunyani West 24,445 2,636 3,740 5,604 7,548 4,767 5,388 5,044
Berekum East 18,922 1,832 2,413 3,663 6,432 3,588 4,468 3,643
Berekum West 3,180 279 687 969 1,109 710 838 851
Jaman South 10,337 1,156 1,926 2,823 2,943 2,192 2,335 2,636
Jaman North 45,899 6,052 9,142 13,158 8,382 6,933 6,908 6,948
Tain 41,834 4,957 8,560 13,470 10,691 8,317 9,162 10,372
Wenchi 13,531 1,607 2,376 3,674 3,959 2,873 2,958 1,529
Bono East 139,233 17,921 33,654 47,613 36,412 26,695 29,359 25,552
Nkoranza South 15,406 1,969 3,358 5,287 4,196 3,116 3,504 3,372
Techiman 51,117 6,267 10,032 14,059 14,674 9,302 11,018 7,705

A04a. Region
Population
Children
<4
Never
attended
school (4
years+)
Not-
literate (6
years +)
Total
Households
Unimproved
cooking fuel
Uncovered
receptacles
Not-
collected
disposable
method
National 9,275,296 1,137,111 1,868,931 2,455,688 2,689,040 1,479,090 1,835,687 1,437,067
Nkoranza North 1,584 160 382 550 470 379 365 309
Techiman North 15,050 1,751 2,858 4,079 4,038 2,876 3,391 3,572
Atebubu Amantin 15,911 2,323 4,389 6,113 3,000 2,654 2,639 2,856
Sene West 15,101 1,931 5,361 6,829 4,179 3,490 3,703 3,173
Sene East 6,099 783 1,369 2,019 1,724 1,422 1,403 742
Pru West 7,470 1,066 2,370 3,407 1,544 1,389 1,256 1,453
Kintampo South 3,911 534 836 1,314 973 687 822 841
Kintampo North 7,584 1,137 2,699 3,956 1,614 1,380 1,258 1,529
Oti 125,007 17,624 38,318 50,484 31,112 25,963 23,245 22,554
Biakoye 11,517 1,525 2,241 4,131 3,205 2,690 2,329 2,385
Jasikan 2,179 255 474 744 516 339 367 404
Kadjebi 7,163 906 1,144 1,824 2,168 1,613 1,684 1,476
Krachi East 22,998 3,041 5,649 8,333 6,300 5,232 4,606 4,376
Krachi West 6,362 669 1,291 1,874 1,783 1,411 1,246 1,218
Krachi Nchumuru 15,811 2,346 5,961 7,594 3,361 3,005 2,789 2,541
Nkwanta South 16,789 2,295 3,857 5,626 5,092 3,925 3,528 3,255
Nkwanta North 42,188 6,587 17,701 20,358 8,687 7,748 6,696 6,899
Northern 758,078 120,899 243,877 292,338 165,645 129,961 117,742 118,501
Kpandai 16,269 2,265 4,974 6,192 4,030 3,424 3,307 3,134
Nanumba South 20,155 3,289 6,968 8,681 3,839 3,529 3,273 3,554
Nanumba North 52,141 8,496 19,283 21,791 9,491 8,747 6,855 7,505
Zabzugu 21,060 3,780 7,866 9,099 4,212 3,645 3,427 3,054
Tatale Sanguli 5,954 869 1,836 2,291 1,450 1,285 1,131 1,165
Saboba 6,526 702 1,293 1,573 1,704 1,479 1,216 1,554
Yendi 66,615 9,979 20,675 25,241 14,076 11,717 10,692 8,575
Nanton 12,224 2,379 5,987 6,451 2,317 2,264 2,000 1,988
TMA-Tamale South 207,658 34,248 68,227 82,407 47,155 35,475 27,816 39,268
TMA-Tamale Central 102,043 13,660 22,533 28,507 27,041 17,593 19,007 11,132
Sagnarigu 107,408 17,068 28,031 33,934 23,645 16,508 16,487 16,734
Tolon 9,968 1,628 4,194 4,725 1,858 1,733 1,550 1,219
Kumbungu 25,473 4,432 8,896 10,613 4,315 4,057 3,487 3,532
Savelugu 64,397 10,907 25,693 30,725 12,557 11,403 10,810 10,093
Karaga 5,630 1,029 2,910 3,316 818 800 731 745
Gushegu 34,557 6,168 14,511 16,792 7,137 6,302 5,953 5,249
Savannah 105,555 15,771 34,891 41,024 24,962 19,274 17,492 21,240
Bole 29,322 4,143 9,743 11,024 7,872 5,975 5,951 6,871
Sawla Tuna Kalba 8,528 1,178 2,891 3,550 2,027 1,738 1,481 1,830
North Gonja 18,069 2,856 8,094 8,845 3,903 3,317 3,075 3,221
West Gonja 25,323 3,568 6,257 8,295 5,945 4,368 3,561 5,207
Central Gonja 24,313 4,026 7,906 9,310 5,215 3,876 3,424 4,111
North East 75,575 11,529 26,341 31,555 14,394 12,540 11,290 12,706
Mamprugu Moagduri 12,805 2,457 7,825 7,953 2,414 2,376 2,275 2,407
West Mamprusi 8,994 1,500 3,950 4,848 1,449 1,332 1,293 1,440
East Mamprusi 27,125 3,877 7,154 8,836 5,132 4,159 4,172 4,406
Bunkpurugu Nakpanduri 14,288 1,792 3,250 4,665 2,863 2,542 1,629 2,849
Chereponi 12,363 1,903 4,162 5,253 2,536 2,131 1,921 1,604
Upper East 156,922 21,222 43,065 55,446 35,556 24,554 23,380 27,389
Builsa South 3,821 520 938 1,210 1,146 696 831 1,022
Builsa North 1,140 154 280 343 358 235 200 230
Kasena Nankana 8,864 1,039 1,267 1,848 2,457 1,299 1,722 2,006

A04a. Region
Population
Children
<4
Never
attended
school (4
years+)
Not-
literate (6
years +)
Total
Households
Unimproved
cooking fuel
Uncovered
receptacles
Not-
collected
disposable
method
National 9,275,296 1,137,111 1,868,931 2,455,688 2,689,040 1,479,090 1,835,687 1,437,067
Kasena Nankana West 7,296 1,094 1,690 2,165 1,823 1,163 974 1,608
Bolgatanga 37,097 4,459 6,960 9,286 9,712 5,306 6,094 5,965
Talensi 8,037 1,048 2,213 2,688 1,607 1,400 1,008 1,577
Bolgatanga East 5,219 625 1,040 1,413 1,158 788 679 985
Bongo 4,324 605 871 1,295 1,025 695 717 913
Bawku West 2,564 463 707 941 589 404 385 541
Bawku 54,782 7,458 17,256 22,281 11,575 8,968 7,916 8,709
Garu 1,417 194 355 519 276 206 165 167
Pusiga 22,361 3,563 9,488 11,457 3,830 3,394 2,689 3,666
Upper West 91,833 12,505 22,515 28,330 24,152 17,627 16,740 12,507
Wa East 5,485 767 2,478 2,739 1,506 1,081 964 1,449
Wa 59,088 8,022 13,209 16,675 15,610 11,123 10,901 5,757
Nadowli Kaleo 7,151 912 1,433 1,919 1,679 1,385 1,211 1,117
Sissala East 3,807 534 742 1,034 1,029 706 746 682
Sissala West 5,532 901 1,608 1,991 1,536 1,090 1,086 1,179
Jirapa 3,253 381 905 1,241 816 675 471 697
Lawra 1,577 162 303 404 457 343 245 287
Lambussie Karni 5,940 826 1,837 2,327 1,519 1,224 1,116 1,339

REFERENCES
Albuquerque, N., & Correia Guedes, M. (2021). Cities Without Slums and The Right to the City: Slums in sub-
Saharan Africa. Renewable Energy and Environmental Sustainability: 6(24)
https://doi.org/10.1051/rees/2021022
Census Office (1960). 1960 Population Census of Ghana, Accra. www2.statsghana.gov.gh/
Census Office (1971). 1970 Population Census of Ghana, Accra. www2.statsghana.gov.gh/
Elrayies, G.M. (2016). Rethinking Slums: An Approach for Slums Development Towards Sustainability. Journal of
Sustainable Development, 9(6), http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n6p225
Engstrom, R.; Sandborn, A., Yu, Q. Burgdorfer, J., Stow , D., Weeks, J. and Graesser, J. (2015). Mapping Slums
using Spatial Features in Accra, Ghana, 978-1-4799-6652-315, IEEE.
Ezeh, A., Oyebode, O., Satterthwaite, D., Chen, Y. F., Ndugwa, R., Sartori, J., Mberu, B., Melendez-Torres, G. J.,
Haregu, T., Watson, S. I., Caiaffa, W., Capon, A., & Lilford, R. J. (2017). The history, geography, and sociology
of slums and the health problems of people who live in slums. The Lancet, 389(10068), 547–558.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31650-6
Ghana Statistical Service (2024). Population Projections 2021-2050; Ghana 2021 Population and Housing
Census Reports, Accra; https://census2021.statsghana.gov.gh/
Ghana Statistical Service (2023). Ghana 2021 Population and Housing Census Thematic Report: Migration,
https://census2021.statsghana.gov.gh/
Ghana Statistical Service (2010). 2010 Population and Housing Census: Preliminary Report.
Ghana Urbanisation Think Tank (GUTT), 2019. Cities as a Strategic Resource: Guideline for Ghana’s National
Urban Policy Revision. Paper for the Coalition for Urban Transitions. London and Washington DC. Available at:
https://urbantransitions.global/publications/
Gilbert, A. (2007). The World's Cities. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Habitat for Humanity International (2020). State of the World's Cities Report 2020.
Marx, B., Stoker, T. and Suri, T. (2013). The Economics of Slums in the Developing World Journal
of Economic Perspective; 27(4):187-210.
MLGRD (2012). National Urban Policy Framework, Accra www.mlgrd.gov.gh
Ministry of water resources, works and housing, (2015). National housing policy
National Development Planning Commission (2024). Vision 2057: Long Term National Perspective Framework,
Accra; www. Ndpc.gov.gh
Seto, K.C., Sanchez-Rodriguez, R. & Fragkias, M. (2010). The New Geography of Contemporary Urbanisation
and the Environment. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 35:167-94.
UN-Habitat (2020). The State of African Cities Report 2020.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2014). World Urbanisation
Prospects: The 2014 Revision, Highlights. Report No. ST/ESA/SER.A/352.
World Bank (2020). Urbanisation Review: Accelerating Inclusive Growth in Ghana.

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Name Email Institution Role
Dr. Alhassan Iddrisu alhassan.iddrisu@statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical
Service
Government
Statistician
Dr. Faustina Frempong-
Ainguah
faustina.frempong-
ainguah@statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical
Service Lead Author
Mr. Simon T. Onilimor simon.onilimor@statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical
Service Author
Mr. Pashur S. Akaho selaseh.akaho@statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical
Service Author
Mr. Basil Tungbani basil.tungbani@statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical
Service Author
Mrs. Jacqueline D. Anum jacqueline.anum@statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical
Service Author
Mr. Edward O. Manu edward.manu@statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical
Service Author
Prof. Stephen O. Kwankye skwankye@ug.edu.gh University of Ghana Reviewer
Prof. John K. Anarfi John_anarfi@yahoo.com Freelance Reviewer
Mr. Emmanuel G. Ossei emmanuel.ossei@statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical
Service Reviewer
Mr. Godwin O. Gyebi godwin.gyebi@statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical
Service Reviewer
Jemima Gyamesi jemima.gyamesi@statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical
Service Reviewer
Mr. David M. Bessah david.bessah@statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical
Service Reviewer
Mr. William K. Addo william.addo@statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical
Service Reviewer
Mr. Eric N. Amoo eric.amoo@statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical
Service Reviewer
Mr. Felix Adjei felix-adjei@statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical
Service Graphic Design
Ms. Alberta Seckey alberta.seckey@statsghana.gov.gh
Ghana Statistical
Service Administrative Support

2021 Population and Housing Census - SLUM REPORT

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2021 Population and Housing Census - SLUM REPORT