www.bksv.com, 4
机械振动的来源
机器的 运动件产生了了不同频率振动
Frequency,Hz
振动水平
Vibration at the rotational frequency (1st order) of
the main shaft, caused by unbalance
Harmonics of speed of main shaft caused by
misalignment
Misalignment of the shaft causes vibration at
lower harmonics = orders
(rotational frequency × 1, 2, 3,…)
2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th
1st
(频率, Hz)
阶次
Extra high level of 6th harmonic/order due to
imperfect fan with 6 blades
Vibration (suborders at 42-48% of RPM) caused
by oil film whirl or whip in journal bearing
Vibrations at 50 or 60 Hz (incl. harmonics)
caused by electromagnetic forces or electric
noise picked up from power cables
Vibration caused by worn gear
12th
Vibration amplified by structural resonances in
the machine structure
NOISE, i.e., vibrations caused
by other machines or ambience
e.g., wind excitation or acoustic excitation
一个完整的振动故障诊断表是非常
有用的
www.bksv.com, 7
0.1 110 1 k
100 10 kHz
Frequency
10
1
Relative Amplitude
Acceleration
100
1000
10 000
100 000
Velocity
Displacement
100 000
10 000
1000
100
10
v
v
v
在同一频率处,加速度、速度、位移之间的换算关系
)
( f
A
2
)
(
)
(
−
=
f
A
f
D
1
=
f=0.1591 Hz
Acc-Vel-Disp Vib SpecWeigh-1.6kHz.PLS
j
f
A
f
V
)
(
)
( =
f
pi*
*
2
=
www.bksv.com, 10
加速度计原理 (质量弹簧模型)
x(t)
y(t)
M
B
PS
k k k
= +
P P
f (t) k (y(t) x(t))
= − P P
F ( ) k (Y( ) X( ))
= −
Mx(t) k(y(t) x(t)) c(y(t) x(t))
= − + − 2
M X( ) (k i c)(Y( ) X( ))
− = + −
2
k i c
X( ) Y( )
M k i c
+
=
− + +
傅立叶变换