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Part tWO
     eLECTRONIC HEALTH rECORD aDOPTION
       & hEALTH iNFORMATION eXCHANGE
hipaa pRIVACY, sECURITY & bREACH nOTIFICATION
      pRIORITY pRIMARY cARE pROVIDERS
         cOMMUNITY hEALTH cENTERS
           b.R.I.E.F. SURVEY RESULTS
                    CITATIONS
ehr adoption & health
              information exchange
Since the Meaningful Use program launched in January 2011, the U.S. has seen a
significant up-tick in adoption of certified EHR technology (CEHRT). Additionally,
HITECH provisioned cooperative agreements with every state and territory to “get
wired” for health information exchange (HIE). Although the adoption and use of
CEHRT and HIE is not pervasive in the marketplace, the growth is recognizable.
ehr adoption & hIE
$30,000,000,000
  Amount that has been spent by the federal
government since 2009 under the HITECH Act
                                                        57
                                                               57
                                                               Percent of U.S. Physicians
      to advance EHR & HIE adoption                            who report using “any”
                                                 17            EHR technology in 2011,
                                                               as compared to only 17



                 40.2
                                                 2002   2011   percent in 2002




         40.2
                 Percent of primary
                 care physicians in the
                 U.S. who report using
                 basic EHR at the end
                                                               34
                                                               Percent of U.S. physicians
 17.1                                                   34     who report using “basic”
                 of 2011, up from                12            EHR functionality in 2011,
                 17.1 percent in 2002                          a significant increase from
 2002     2011                                   2007   2011   just 12 percent in 2007




                                                 85
                   Number of ambulatory                        Number of operational HIEs


6,879              practices (3 percent total)
                   participating in HIEs that
                   are operational
                                                               that were identified in the
                                                               U.S. in 2011; another 98
                                                               were in the planning phase
ehr adoption & hIE
              30.9
              Percent of specialists who           88
                                                                            2011
                                                                            2010
                                                                                           18
       30.9   report using basic EHR in
12.4
              2011, compared to 12.4
              percent in 2002
2002   2011                                  Percent of operational
                                           HIEs that are exchanging    Percent of U.S. hospitals that were shown to
                                             test results, the most      have adopted basic EHR functionality in
                                              common exchange;         2011, compared to just 11.5 percent in 2010
                                           demographic information
                                           follows at 76 percent for
                                              ambulatory settings


                40
                                                                             2011
                                                                               2010



                                                                                           8.7
Percent growth rate that was
                                                                            Percent of hospitals that adopted
seen in the HIE market from                                                  comprehensive EHRs in 2011,
       2010 to 2011                                                       compared to only 2.6 percent in 2010
hipaa privacy, security &
              breach notification
Contained in ARRA, HIPAA privacy and security was supplemented with new
regulations requiring all physicians covered under HIPAA to notify patients of
security breaches of their protected health information. This is known as the
HIPAA Breach Notification Rule. In addition to notifying affected individuals, HIPAA
covered entities must also report PHI breaches to the Secretary of HHS and, in
some cases, to the media. HIPAA breaches can carry stiff penalties regardless of
the size of the covered entity. The idea is to strengthen the fabric of public trust
that having PHI “out there” in digital form is safe, private and secure.
hipaa privacy, security &
                    breach notification
70,982                                                                    16,259
                                                                                                 Number of cases investigated since
                            Number of HIPAA complaints that
                                                                                                 April 2003 resulting in changes in
                            have been registered with the HHS
                                                                                                 privacy practice & other corrective
                            Office of Civil Rights since April 2003
                                                                                                 actions by the covered entities




          91
                                            500+
                                       Number of individuals affected
                                                                           $1,000 19
                                                                           Amount per violation that         Millions of Americans
                                       by unsecured protected health        is applied for violations       that have experienced a
                                      information (PHI) breaches that      deemed secondary to a              major HIPAA breach
                                       will result in public posting on                                      since effective date of
                                       the HHS website of the breach
                                                                           “reasonable cause” with
                                                                                                               the HIPAA breach
       Percent of the                  in accordance with the Interim       an annual maximum of             notification IFR in late
above-noted complaints               Final Rule for Breach Notification    $100,000 under the IFR                     2009
 (or 64,449) that were
    resolved through



                                     $50,000
      investigation &                                                      Amount per violation (up to $1.5 million
enforcement, a finding of                                                  for repeat occurrences) in fines that is
no violation or ineligibility                                              applied for breaches deemed the result
     for enforcement                                                       of willful neglect
hipaa privacy, security &
                    breach notification
40,396
                                 Number of patients on average who
                                 were affected per each of the 385 PHI                  Percent of all breaches
                                 breaches that occured in 2011                     59   in 2011 that involved a
                                                                                        business associate



            3.25
Millions of dollars that were paid by CVS                  97                      39
                                                                                        Percent of all breaches
                                                                                        in 2011 that occurred
                                                                                        on a laptop or other
Pharmacy, Inc. & Rite Aid Corporation in
                                                                                        portable device
January 2009 & July 2010, respectively,
 to resolve violations of the Privacy Rule
                                              Percent increase in total
                                              records breached that was                 Percent of all breaches


  $100,000                                                                         25
                                              realized from 2010 to 2011                in 2011 that occurred
                                                                                        on a desktop PC or
                                                                                        server


                                             1.7
                                                            Millions of dollars
Amount that was reached as a settlement                     that were applied
 for HIPAA federal by Phoenix Cardiac                       in federal penalties
         Surgery in June 2012                                                           Percent of all breaches
                                                            to the Alaska
                                              Department of Health & Social
                                              Services (Medicaid) for HIPAA
                                                                                   60   in 2011 that resulted
                                                                                        from malicious intent
                                                                                        such as theft or hacking
                                              violations in July 2012
priority primary care providers
According to the National Association of Community Health Centers, the U.S. is
faced with nearly 60 million disenfranchised patients who do not have adequate
access to primary care services. Approximately 75 percent of the 2,050 rural
U.S. counties include a primary care health professional shortage area. HITECH
gives priority for needing health IT—or a Priority Primary Care Provider (PPCP).
The formal definition of a PPCP is a licensed MD, DO, nurse practitioner or
physician assistant with prescriptive privileges who provides primary care
services in the area of Family Practice, Internal Medicine, OB/Gynecology and/or
Pediatrics practicing in an individual or small practice (10 or less) serving the
uninsured, underinsured and medically underserved populations.
priority primary care providers
                                                                           Primary Care Providers (PCPs)

                                                     60
                                                      Millions of
                                                                           are defined as physicians working in family
                                                                           practice, geriatrics, general practice, general
                                                                           internal medicine and general pediatrics.
                                                   Americans who
                                                    lack adequate


                                                                           624,434
                                                  access to primary                                      Number of physicians who
                                                  care providers due                                     work in direct patient care in
                   each individual = 1 million      to a shortage                                        the United States




          52                                     33.5                   43.4                          25                        48.1
    Percent of nurse                 Percent of physicians in       Percent of physician      Percent increase in the        Percent of visits to
practitioners practicing in              the U.S. that are        assistants practicing in       yearly number of         primary care physicians
primary care in the U.S. -          classified as primary care   primary care in the U.S. -   ambulatory visits from     in office-based practices
  approximately 55,625              - approximately 209,000        approximately 30,400           1997 to 2007
priority primary care providers

    16.4                        81                          9.3                          5.2                          4.3
Percent of visits to   Average percent of PCPs     Average percent of PCPs      Average percent of PCPs       Average percent of PCPs
surgical specialists   that practice in an urban    that practice in a large,    that practice in a small,    that practice in a remote,
                        setting (including nurse    rural setting defined as     rural setting defined as      rural or frontier market
                       practitioners & physician     having a population of       having a population of         defined as having a
                               assistants)             10,000 to 50,000               2,500 to 9,999         population less than 2,500




                                                                                               250
    18.4
                       1.2
                                            Billions of visits to
                                            physician offices,
                                            hospital emergency
                                            departments & outpatient
Percent of visits to
medical specialists                         centers
                                                                                   Millions of dollars that are earmarked
                                                                                   under the Affordable Care Act & the
                                                                                         Public Health Fund to train
                                                                                        professionals in primary care
Community health centers
Community Health Centers (CHCs) are non-profit ambulatory care clinics
designed to enhance the health and well-being of all people, with particular
emphasis on those patients who are medically underserved. CHCs offer
affordable health care services through well-trained professional staff at
accessible locations throughout the country. Delivering a dedicated staff to
populations and areas that have too few options, CHCs will play a key role in
caring for newly covered Americans under the Affordable Care Act.
Community health centers
         1,137                   Number of Community Health
                                 Centers (CHCs) that are
                                 established in the U.S.           8,649                        Number of CHC clinic sites
                                                                                                that are available to deliver
                                                                                                safety net services




         20.2 1.7
      Millions of patients who       Billions of dollars in
                                                                    109
                                                                     Millions of dollars that
                                                                                                              650
                                                                                                        Number of CHCs, roughly,
                                                                     were awarded to 278                that offer safety net dental
      were served by CHCs in      Affordable Care Act (ACA)
                                                                      school-based health                 services (of the 1,137
           2011 (including        grants that were awarded             center programs in                available), supplying 7-8
       members of ethnic &           to the Health Center          FY2011 & to 45 programs              million of the underserved
          minority groups)           Program in FY2011               in FY2012 under ACA                      with dental care




      80
 Millions of Americans
                                 9,900           Number of physicians
                                                 serving patients in CHCs
                                                                                         7.4                                    71
who are disenfranchised
 for general dental care
                                 6,900           Number of mid-level
                                                 providers serving in CHCs       Percent of babies with a
                                                                                low birthrate in CHCs, as
                                                                                compared to the national
                                                                                                                      Percent of diabetics
                                                                                                                   treated at CHCs that had
                                                                                                                  control over diabetes with
                                                                                 average at 8.16 percent            a hemoglobin A1C < 9
About the b.r.i.e.f. readers
In June, SuccessEHS surveyed around 500 readers of it publication known as The
B.R.I.E.F. (Bringing Relevant Information & EHR Facts) to get their thoughts on key
issues and topics. Around 22 percent of readers responded. Approximately 71
percent were affiliated with primary care providers, 28 percent with specialty
providers, and 2 percent hospital administration. Here are the results.
About the b.r.i.e.f. readers
          50.5                                                      34.2                             25.2                          36.9
                                       61.3
 Percent of readers who use                                                                   Percent of readers that
    advanced Certified EHR                                                                                                  Percent of readers that
                                                           Percent of readers that have       performed the first year
     technology to provide       Percent of readers that                                                                    have or will perform 90
                                                            performed Year One adopt,        of 90 continuous days of
   point-of-care alerts when                                                                                                  continuous days of
evidence-based clinical events
                                   have registered for       implement or upgrade as             Meaningful Use in
                                                           required under the Medicaid                                        Meaningful Use in
  for wellness, prevention or     CMS EHR Incentive                                                  CY2011
                                                             Meaningful Use program                                                 CY2012
chronic disease management             Programs
 are outstanding on a patient




                                                                       59                              56                             75
         20.7                          30.6
                                                                                                Percent of readers that
                                                                                                     identified the        Percent of readers that listed
                                                             Percent of readers that list
                                 Percent of readers that                                       Patient-Centered Medical          Accountable Care
                                                              ICD-10, Meaningful Use
  Percent of readers that        have received Year One                                       Home, Health Information     Organizations, Value-Based
                                                             Stage 1 or Meaningful Use
                                                                                                Exchange or Physician       Modifiers, ePrescribing or
 have been paid for Year          AIU Incentives under      Stage 2 as the number one
                                                                                             Quality Reporting System as    HIPAA security as the least
   One of the Medicare                  Medicaid           stressful matter to health care
                                                                                              the second most stressful      stressful matter to health
 Meaningful Use program                                         stakeholders today
                                                                                                matter to stakeholders           care stakeholders
CITATIONS
The American Patient
- United Nations, Population and Vital Statistics Report, Series A, Vol. LXIV, January 1, 2012, http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/vitstats/sets/Series_A_2012.pdf
- Ibid.
- L. Murphy, J. Xu, K. Kochanek, National Vital Statistics Reports, Deaths: Preliminary Data for 2010, Volume 60, Number 4, January 11, 2012,
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr60/nvsr60_04.pdf
- Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook, Country Comparison: Life Expectancy at Birth, 2011, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html
- U.S. Census Bureau, Profile America, Facts for Features, Older Americans Month: May 2012, March 1, 2012,
http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/cb12-ff07.html
- Department of Defense, Military Personnel Statistics, December 31, 2011, http://www.usa.gov/Federal-Employees/Active-Military-Records.shtml#Data_and_Statistics
- CDC/NCHS, Data Brief No. 82, Prevalence of Obesity in the U.S. 2009-2010, January, 2012, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db82.pdf
- R. Hammond, Brookings, Obesity, Prevention, and Health Care Costs, May 4, 2012, http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2012/05/04-health-care-hammond
- American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts and Figures 2012, http://www.cancer.org/Research/CancerFactsFigures/CancerFactsFigures/cancer-facts-figures-2012
 - L. Murphy, J. Xu, K. Kochanek, National Vital Statistics Reports, Deaths: Preliminary Data for 2010, Volume 60, Number 4, January 11, 2012,
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr60/nvsr60_04.pdf
- American Heart Association and American Stroke Association, Statistical Fact Sheet, 2012 Update, http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-
public/@wcm/@sop/@smd/documents/downloadable/ucm_319585.pdf
- Ibid.
- Alzheimer’s Association, 2012 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures, Alzheimer’s & Dementia, Volume 8, Issue 2, 2012, http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-
public/@wcm/@sop/@smd/documents/downloadable/ucm_319585.pdf
- J. Loyd, USA Today, Many with mental illness go without treatment, Survey Says, January 19, 2012,
http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/medical/health/medical/mentalhealth/story/2012-01-19/Many-with-mental-illness-go-without-treatment-survey-says/52653166/1
- Pratt LA, Brody DJ, Gu Q. Antidepressant use in persons aged 12 and over: United States, 2005–2008. NCHS data brief, no 76. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health
Statistics. 2011
- Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary, National Health Expenditure Projections 2010-2020, http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-
Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/Downloads/Proj2011PDF.pdf
- Henry J. Kaiser Foundation, Health Care Costs: A Primer, Key Information on Health Care Costs and Their Impact, May, 2012, http://www.kff.org/insurance/upload/7670-03.pdf
- Martin A.B. et al., “Growth In US Health Spending Remained Slow in 2010; Health Share of Gross Domestic Product Was Unchanged from 2009,” Health Affairs, 2012,
http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/31/1/208.short
- Ibid.
- CDC/NCHS, Health, United States, 2011, Tables 138, 140, and 141. Data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).
- CDC/NCHS, Health, United States, 2011, Table 99. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
- Henry J. Kaiser Foundation, Health Care Costs: A Primer, Key Information on Health Care Costs and Their Impact, May, 2012, http://www.kff.org/insurance/upload/7670-03.pdf
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
CITATIONS
Meaningful Use
- Harvard School of Public Health, Mathematica Policy Research, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Health Information Technology in the United States: Driving Toward Delivery
System Change, 2012, http://www.rwjf.org/files/research/74262.5822.hit.full.rpt.final.041612.pdf
- Ibid.
- Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Data and Reports, June, 2012, http://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-
Guidance/Legislation/EHRIncentivePrograms/DataAndReports.html
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
Electronic Health Record Adoption & Health Information Exchange
- H. Anderson, Information Security Media Group, $30 Billion: Money Well Spent?, February 3, 2012, http://www.govinfosecurity.com/blogs.php?postID=1185
- Harvard School of Public Health, Mathematica Policy Research, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Health Information Technology in the United States: Driving Toward Delivery
System Change, 2012, http://www.rwjf.org/files/research/74262.5822.hit.full.rpt.final.041612.pdf
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Chilmark Research, 2012 HIE Market Report, June 25, 2012, http://healthinformationexchanges.org/perspectives-on-the-trends-in-the-hie-market/
- Harvard School of Public Health, Mathematica Policy Research, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Health Information Technology in the United States: Driving Toward Delivery
System Change, 2012, http://www.rwjf.org/files/research/74262.5822.hit.full.rpt.final.041612.pdf
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
CITATIONS
HIPAA Privacy, Security & Breach Notifications
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Office for Civil Rights, Enforcement Highlights, May 31, 2012,
http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/enforcement/highlights/index.html
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Office for Civil Rights, Breaches Affecting 500 or More Individuals,
http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/administrative/breachnotificationrule/postedbreaches.html
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Office for Civil Rights, Breach Notification Rule,
http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/administrative/breachnotificationrule/index.html
- Ibid.
- H. Anderson, Information Security Media Group, $30 Billion: Money Well Spent?, February 3, 2012, http://www.govinfosecurity.com/blogs.php?postID=1185
- Redspin, Breach Report 2011, Protected Health Information, http://www.redspin.com/docs/Redspin_PHI_2011_Breach_Report.pdf
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Office for Civil Rights, Annual Report to Congress on HIPAA Privacy Rule and Security Rule Compliance for Calendar Years 2009
and 2010, http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/enforcement/compliancerept.pdf
- M. Tremoglie, Legal Newsline, Alaska Fined for HIPAA Violation, July 3, 2012, http://www.legalnewsline.com/news/236619-alaska-fined-for-hipaa-violation
- C. Scott, Becker’s Spine Review, Physicians Beware, HIPAA Violations can Affect Your Bottom Line Regardless of the Size of Your Practice, June 13, 2012,
http://beckersorthopedicandspine.com/hitmeaningful-useemr/item/12239-physician-beware-hipaa-violations-can-affect-your-bottom-line-regardless-of-the-size-
of-your-practice
Priority Primary Care Providers
- National Association of Community Health Centers, Access Endangered: Profiles of the Medically Disenfranchised, August 8, 2011,
http://www.nachc.org/client//NACHC__Access_Endangered_2011.pdf
- Primary Care Workforce Facts and Stats No. 1: The Number of Practicing Primary Care Physicians in the United States. AHRQ Publication No. 12-P001-2-EF, October 2011.
Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Rockville, MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/research/pcwork1.htm
- Ibid.
- Primary Care Workforce Facts and Stats No. 2: The Number of Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants Practicing Primary Care in the United States. AHRQ Publication No.
12-P001-3-EF, October 2011. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Rockville, MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/research/pcwork2.htm
- Ibid.
- Schappert S, Rechtsteiner E: Ambulatory Medical Care Utilization Estimates for 2007, from National Center for Health Statistics Vital and Health Statistics, April, 2011,
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_13/sr13_169.pdf
CITATIONS
Priority Primary Care Providers continued
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Primary Care Workforce Facts and Stats No. 3: Distribution of the U.S. Primary Care Workforce. AHRQ Publication No. 12-P001-4-EF, January 2012. Agency for Health Care
Policy and Research, Rockville, MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/research/pcwork3.htm
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, http://www.healthcare.gov/law/resources/authorities/patient-protection.pdf
The Affordable Care Act
- Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, http://www.healthcare.gov/law/resources/authorities/patient-protection.pdf
- Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, http://www.healthcare.gov/law/resources/authorities/reconciliation-law.pdf
- Constitution of the United States of America, http://www.constitution.org/cs_found.htm
- Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, http://www.healthcare.gov/law/resources/authorities/patient-protection.pdf and Health Care and Education Reconciliation
Act of 2010, http://www.healthcare.gov/law/resources/authorities/reconciliation-law.pdf
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- C-Span, Oral Argument on Anti-Injunction Act and Health Care Law, March 26, 2012, http://www.c-span.org/Events/Oral-Argument-on-Anti-
Injunction-Act-and-Health-Care-Law/10737429097/
- SCOTUS Slip Opinion, National Federation of Independent Business, et al v. Sebelius, Secretary of Health and Human Services, et al., June 28, 2012,
http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/11pdf/11-393c3a2.pdf
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
Accountable Care Organizations
- Muhlestein, D., Croshaw, A., Merrill, T., & Peña, C. (2012). Growth and dispersion of Accountable Care Organizations: June 2012 update. Retrieved July 5, 2012, from
http://leavittpartners.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Growth-and-Dispersion-of-ACOs-June-2012-Update2.pdf
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
CITATIONS
Accountable Care Organizations continued
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Center for Medicare and Mediciad Innovation. (2012). Pioneer Accountable Care Organization model: General fact sheet. Retrieved July 6, 2012, from
http://innovations.cms.gov/Files/fact-sheet/Pioneer-ACO-General-Fact-Sheet.pdf
- Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2012). Medicare shared savings program Accountable Care Organizations. Start date: April 1, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2012,
from https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/sharedsavingsprogram/Downloads/MSSP-ACOs-List.pdf
- Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2012). Advance payment ACO model. Retrieved June 6, 2012, from http://www.innovations.cms.gov/initiatives/aco/advance-
payment/
- McGinnis, T., Small, D. M., & Center for Health Care Strategies, Inc. (2012). Accountable Care Organizations in Medicaid: Emerging practices to guide program design.
Retrieved July 6, 2012, from http://www.chcs.org/usr_doc/Creating_ACOs_in_Medicaid.pdf
Patient-Centered Medical Home
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Obesity, Halting the Epidemic by Making Health Easier, At a Glance 2011, May 26, 2011,
http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/AAG/obesity.htm#aag
- Ibid.
 -American Diabetes Association, Health Care Reform and People with and at-risk for Diabetes, February, 2011, http://www.diabetes.org/assets/pdfs/advocacy/hcr-and-people-
with-diabetes.pdf
- Ibid.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Diabetes, Successes and Opportunities for Population-Based Prevention and Control, At a Glance 2011, August 1, 2011,
http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/ddt.htm
- Norris SL, Kansagara D, Bougatsos C, et al. Screening Adults for Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. AHRQ Publication No.
08-05116-EF-4, June 2008. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf08/type2/type2art.htm
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tobacco Use, Targeting the Nation’s Leading Killer, At a Glance, February 22, 2011,
http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/osh.htm
- Free & Clear, Cancer & Lifestyle: How Employers Can Help Fight Cancer through the Promotion of Healthy Behaviors, 2010,
http://www.alerewellbeing.com/_assets/cms_uploads/WP_Cancer_Lifestyle_ACS.pdf
- American Cancer Society, Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, Facts & Figures 2012, Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2012.
- NCQA, Standards and Guidelines for NCQA’s Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) 2011, January, 2011.
- Patient Centered Medical Home Resource Center, Catalogue of Federal PCMH Activities, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, March 2011,
http://pcmh.ahrq.gov/portal/server.pt/community/pcmh__home/1483/pcmh_federal_pcmh_activities_v2
CITATIONS
Patient-Centered Medical Home continued
- NCQA Clinician Directory and Search, July, 2012, http://recognition.ncqa.org/
- The Joint Commission, Primary Care Medical Home Certified Organizations, June 19, 2012, http://www.jointcommission.org/pcmh_certified_providers/
- National Academy for State Health Policy, Building Medical Homes: Lessons from Eight States with Emerging Programs, December, 2011,
http://nashp.org/sites/default/files/building.medical.homes_.emerging.states.pdf
- National Academy for State Health Policy, Medical Home & Patient-Centered Care, January, 2012, http://nashp.org/med-home-map
- BlueCross BlueShield Association, Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH), 2012, http://www.bcbs.com/why-bcbs/patient-centered-medical-home/#navtab-2
- A. Bitton, C. Martin, and B.E. Landon, “A Nationwide Survey of Patient-Centered Medical Home Demonstration Projects,” Journal of General Internal Medicine, June 2010
25(6):584-92.
- Ibid.
Community Health Centers
- Health Resources and Services Administration, Data Warehouse, National Summary, July 12, 2012, http://datawarehouse.hrsa.gov/hitnFactSheet.aspx
- Ibid.
- Health Resources and Services Administration, The Affordable Care Act and Health Centers, Health Center Fact Sheet, 2012,
http://bphc.hrsa.gov/about/healthcenterfactsheet.pdf
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- J. Breslow, Frontline, Dollars and Dentists, How to Fix a Broken Dental Safety Net, June 27, 2012, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/health-science-
technology/dollars-and-dentists/how-to-fix-a-broken-dental-safety-net/
- Ibid.
- Health Resources and Services Administration, The Affordable Care Act and Health Centers, Health Center Fact Sheet, 2012,
http://bphc.hrsa.gov/about/healthcenterfactsheet.pdf
- Ibid.
2012 Health Care By the Numbers Part Two

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2012 Health Care By the Numbers Part Two

  • 1.
  • 2. Part tWO eLECTRONIC HEALTH rECORD aDOPTION & hEALTH iNFORMATION eXCHANGE hipaa pRIVACY, sECURITY & bREACH nOTIFICATION pRIORITY pRIMARY cARE pROVIDERS cOMMUNITY hEALTH cENTERS b.R.I.E.F. SURVEY RESULTS CITATIONS
  • 3. ehr adoption & health information exchange Since the Meaningful Use program launched in January 2011, the U.S. has seen a significant up-tick in adoption of certified EHR technology (CEHRT). Additionally, HITECH provisioned cooperative agreements with every state and territory to “get wired” for health information exchange (HIE). Although the adoption and use of CEHRT and HIE is not pervasive in the marketplace, the growth is recognizable.
  • 4. ehr adoption & hIE $30,000,000,000 Amount that has been spent by the federal government since 2009 under the HITECH Act 57 57 Percent of U.S. Physicians to advance EHR & HIE adoption who report using “any” 17 EHR technology in 2011, as compared to only 17 40.2 2002 2011 percent in 2002 40.2 Percent of primary care physicians in the U.S. who report using basic EHR at the end 34 Percent of U.S. physicians 17.1 34 who report using “basic” of 2011, up from 12 EHR functionality in 2011, 17.1 percent in 2002 a significant increase from 2002 2011 2007 2011 just 12 percent in 2007 85 Number of ambulatory Number of operational HIEs 6,879 practices (3 percent total) participating in HIEs that are operational that were identified in the U.S. in 2011; another 98 were in the planning phase
  • 5. ehr adoption & hIE 30.9 Percent of specialists who 88 2011 2010 18 30.9 report using basic EHR in 12.4 2011, compared to 12.4 percent in 2002 2002 2011 Percent of operational HIEs that are exchanging Percent of U.S. hospitals that were shown to test results, the most have adopted basic EHR functionality in common exchange; 2011, compared to just 11.5 percent in 2010 demographic information follows at 76 percent for ambulatory settings 40 2011 2010 8.7 Percent growth rate that was Percent of hospitals that adopted seen in the HIE market from comprehensive EHRs in 2011, 2010 to 2011 compared to only 2.6 percent in 2010
  • 6. hipaa privacy, security & breach notification Contained in ARRA, HIPAA privacy and security was supplemented with new regulations requiring all physicians covered under HIPAA to notify patients of security breaches of their protected health information. This is known as the HIPAA Breach Notification Rule. In addition to notifying affected individuals, HIPAA covered entities must also report PHI breaches to the Secretary of HHS and, in some cases, to the media. HIPAA breaches can carry stiff penalties regardless of the size of the covered entity. The idea is to strengthen the fabric of public trust that having PHI “out there” in digital form is safe, private and secure.
  • 7. hipaa privacy, security & breach notification 70,982 16,259 Number of cases investigated since Number of HIPAA complaints that April 2003 resulting in changes in have been registered with the HHS privacy practice & other corrective Office of Civil Rights since April 2003 actions by the covered entities 91 500+ Number of individuals affected $1,000 19 Amount per violation that Millions of Americans by unsecured protected health is applied for violations that have experienced a information (PHI) breaches that deemed secondary to a major HIPAA breach will result in public posting on since effective date of the HHS website of the breach “reasonable cause” with the HIPAA breach Percent of the in accordance with the Interim an annual maximum of notification IFR in late above-noted complaints Final Rule for Breach Notification $100,000 under the IFR 2009 (or 64,449) that were resolved through $50,000 investigation & Amount per violation (up to $1.5 million enforcement, a finding of for repeat occurrences) in fines that is no violation or ineligibility applied for breaches deemed the result for enforcement of willful neglect
  • 8. hipaa privacy, security & breach notification 40,396 Number of patients on average who were affected per each of the 385 PHI Percent of all breaches breaches that occured in 2011 59 in 2011 that involved a business associate 3.25 Millions of dollars that were paid by CVS 97 39 Percent of all breaches in 2011 that occurred on a laptop or other Pharmacy, Inc. & Rite Aid Corporation in portable device January 2009 & July 2010, respectively, to resolve violations of the Privacy Rule Percent increase in total records breached that was Percent of all breaches $100,000 25 realized from 2010 to 2011 in 2011 that occurred on a desktop PC or server 1.7 Millions of dollars Amount that was reached as a settlement that were applied for HIPAA federal by Phoenix Cardiac in federal penalties Surgery in June 2012 Percent of all breaches to the Alaska Department of Health & Social Services (Medicaid) for HIPAA 60 in 2011 that resulted from malicious intent such as theft or hacking violations in July 2012
  • 9. priority primary care providers According to the National Association of Community Health Centers, the U.S. is faced with nearly 60 million disenfranchised patients who do not have adequate access to primary care services. Approximately 75 percent of the 2,050 rural U.S. counties include a primary care health professional shortage area. HITECH gives priority for needing health IT—or a Priority Primary Care Provider (PPCP). The formal definition of a PPCP is a licensed MD, DO, nurse practitioner or physician assistant with prescriptive privileges who provides primary care services in the area of Family Practice, Internal Medicine, OB/Gynecology and/or Pediatrics practicing in an individual or small practice (10 or less) serving the uninsured, underinsured and medically underserved populations.
  • 10. priority primary care providers Primary Care Providers (PCPs) 60 Millions of are defined as physicians working in family practice, geriatrics, general practice, general internal medicine and general pediatrics. Americans who lack adequate 624,434 access to primary Number of physicians who care providers due work in direct patient care in each individual = 1 million to a shortage the United States 52 33.5 43.4 25 48.1 Percent of nurse Percent of physicians in Percent of physician Percent increase in the Percent of visits to practitioners practicing in the U.S. that are assistants practicing in yearly number of primary care physicians primary care in the U.S. - classified as primary care primary care in the U.S. - ambulatory visits from in office-based practices approximately 55,625 - approximately 209,000 approximately 30,400 1997 to 2007
  • 11. priority primary care providers 16.4 81 9.3 5.2 4.3 Percent of visits to Average percent of PCPs Average percent of PCPs Average percent of PCPs Average percent of PCPs surgical specialists that practice in an urban that practice in a large, that practice in a small, that practice in a remote, setting (including nurse rural setting defined as rural setting defined as rural or frontier market practitioners & physician having a population of having a population of defined as having a assistants) 10,000 to 50,000 2,500 to 9,999 population less than 2,500 250 18.4 1.2 Billions of visits to physician offices, hospital emergency departments & outpatient Percent of visits to medical specialists centers Millions of dollars that are earmarked under the Affordable Care Act & the Public Health Fund to train professionals in primary care
  • 12. Community health centers Community Health Centers (CHCs) are non-profit ambulatory care clinics designed to enhance the health and well-being of all people, with particular emphasis on those patients who are medically underserved. CHCs offer affordable health care services through well-trained professional staff at accessible locations throughout the country. Delivering a dedicated staff to populations and areas that have too few options, CHCs will play a key role in caring for newly covered Americans under the Affordable Care Act.
  • 13. Community health centers 1,137 Number of Community Health Centers (CHCs) that are established in the U.S. 8,649 Number of CHC clinic sites that are available to deliver safety net services 20.2 1.7 Millions of patients who Billions of dollars in 109 Millions of dollars that 650 Number of CHCs, roughly, were awarded to 278 that offer safety net dental were served by CHCs in Affordable Care Act (ACA) school-based health services (of the 1,137 2011 (including grants that were awarded center programs in available), supplying 7-8 members of ethnic & to the Health Center FY2011 & to 45 programs million of the underserved minority groups) Program in FY2011 in FY2012 under ACA with dental care 80 Millions of Americans 9,900 Number of physicians serving patients in CHCs 7.4 71 who are disenfranchised for general dental care 6,900 Number of mid-level providers serving in CHCs Percent of babies with a low birthrate in CHCs, as compared to the national Percent of diabetics treated at CHCs that had control over diabetes with average at 8.16 percent a hemoglobin A1C < 9
  • 14. About the b.r.i.e.f. readers In June, SuccessEHS surveyed around 500 readers of it publication known as The B.R.I.E.F. (Bringing Relevant Information & EHR Facts) to get their thoughts on key issues and topics. Around 22 percent of readers responded. Approximately 71 percent were affiliated with primary care providers, 28 percent with specialty providers, and 2 percent hospital administration. Here are the results.
  • 15. About the b.r.i.e.f. readers 50.5 34.2 25.2 36.9 61.3 Percent of readers who use Percent of readers that advanced Certified EHR Percent of readers that Percent of readers that have performed the first year technology to provide Percent of readers that have or will perform 90 performed Year One adopt, of 90 continuous days of point-of-care alerts when continuous days of evidence-based clinical events have registered for implement or upgrade as Meaningful Use in required under the Medicaid Meaningful Use in for wellness, prevention or CMS EHR Incentive CY2011 Meaningful Use program CY2012 chronic disease management Programs are outstanding on a patient 59 56 75 20.7 30.6 Percent of readers that identified the Percent of readers that listed Percent of readers that list Percent of readers that Patient-Centered Medical Accountable Care ICD-10, Meaningful Use Percent of readers that have received Year One Home, Health Information Organizations, Value-Based Stage 1 or Meaningful Use Exchange or Physician Modifiers, ePrescribing or have been paid for Year AIU Incentives under Stage 2 as the number one Quality Reporting System as HIPAA security as the least One of the Medicare Medicaid stressful matter to health care the second most stressful stressful matter to health Meaningful Use program stakeholders today matter to stakeholders care stakeholders
  • 16. CITATIONS The American Patient - United Nations, Population and Vital Statistics Report, Series A, Vol. LXIV, January 1, 2012, http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/vitstats/sets/Series_A_2012.pdf - Ibid. - L. Murphy, J. Xu, K. Kochanek, National Vital Statistics Reports, Deaths: Preliminary Data for 2010, Volume 60, Number 4, January 11, 2012, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr60/nvsr60_04.pdf - Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook, Country Comparison: Life Expectancy at Birth, 2011, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html - U.S. Census Bureau, Profile America, Facts for Features, Older Americans Month: May 2012, March 1, 2012, http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/cb12-ff07.html - Department of Defense, Military Personnel Statistics, December 31, 2011, http://www.usa.gov/Federal-Employees/Active-Military-Records.shtml#Data_and_Statistics - CDC/NCHS, Data Brief No. 82, Prevalence of Obesity in the U.S. 2009-2010, January, 2012, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db82.pdf - R. Hammond, Brookings, Obesity, Prevention, and Health Care Costs, May 4, 2012, http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2012/05/04-health-care-hammond - American Cancer Society, Cancer Facts and Figures 2012, http://www.cancer.org/Research/CancerFactsFigures/CancerFactsFigures/cancer-facts-figures-2012 - L. Murphy, J. Xu, K. Kochanek, National Vital Statistics Reports, Deaths: Preliminary Data for 2010, Volume 60, Number 4, January 11, 2012, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr60/nvsr60_04.pdf - American Heart Association and American Stroke Association, Statistical Fact Sheet, 2012 Update, http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart- public/@wcm/@sop/@smd/documents/downloadable/ucm_319585.pdf - Ibid. - Alzheimer’s Association, 2012 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures, Alzheimer’s & Dementia, Volume 8, Issue 2, 2012, http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart- public/@wcm/@sop/@smd/documents/downloadable/ucm_319585.pdf - J. Loyd, USA Today, Many with mental illness go without treatment, Survey Says, January 19, 2012, http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/medical/health/medical/mentalhealth/story/2012-01-19/Many-with-mental-illness-go-without-treatment-survey-says/52653166/1 - Pratt LA, Brody DJ, Gu Q. Antidepressant use in persons aged 12 and over: United States, 2005–2008. NCHS data brief, no 76. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2011 - Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Office of the Actuary, National Health Expenditure Projections 2010-2020, http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and- Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/Downloads/Proj2011PDF.pdf - Henry J. Kaiser Foundation, Health Care Costs: A Primer, Key Information on Health Care Costs and Their Impact, May, 2012, http://www.kff.org/insurance/upload/7670-03.pdf - Martin A.B. et al., “Growth In US Health Spending Remained Slow in 2010; Health Share of Gross Domestic Product Was Unchanged from 2009,” Health Affairs, 2012, http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/31/1/208.short - Ibid. - CDC/NCHS, Health, United States, 2011, Tables 138, 140, and 141. Data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). - CDC/NCHS, Health, United States, 2011, Table 99. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). - Henry J. Kaiser Foundation, Health Care Costs: A Primer, Key Information on Health Care Costs and Their Impact, May, 2012, http://www.kff.org/insurance/upload/7670-03.pdf - Ibid. - Ibid.
  • 17. CITATIONS Meaningful Use - Harvard School of Public Health, Mathematica Policy Research, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Health Information Technology in the United States: Driving Toward Delivery System Change, 2012, http://www.rwjf.org/files/research/74262.5822.hit.full.rpt.final.041612.pdf - Ibid. - Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Data and Reports, June, 2012, http://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and- Guidance/Legislation/EHRIncentivePrograms/DataAndReports.html - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. Electronic Health Record Adoption & Health Information Exchange - H. Anderson, Information Security Media Group, $30 Billion: Money Well Spent?, February 3, 2012, http://www.govinfosecurity.com/blogs.php?postID=1185 - Harvard School of Public Health, Mathematica Policy Research, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Health Information Technology in the United States: Driving Toward Delivery System Change, 2012, http://www.rwjf.org/files/research/74262.5822.hit.full.rpt.final.041612.pdf - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Chilmark Research, 2012 HIE Market Report, June 25, 2012, http://healthinformationexchanges.org/perspectives-on-the-trends-in-the-hie-market/ - Harvard School of Public Health, Mathematica Policy Research, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Health Information Technology in the United States: Driving Toward Delivery System Change, 2012, http://www.rwjf.org/files/research/74262.5822.hit.full.rpt.final.041612.pdf - Ibid. - Ibid.
  • 18. CITATIONS HIPAA Privacy, Security & Breach Notifications - U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Office for Civil Rights, Enforcement Highlights, May 31, 2012, http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/enforcement/highlights/index.html - Ibid. - Ibid. - U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Office for Civil Rights, Breaches Affecting 500 or More Individuals, http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/administrative/breachnotificationrule/postedbreaches.html - U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Office for Civil Rights, Breach Notification Rule, http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/administrative/breachnotificationrule/index.html - Ibid. - H. Anderson, Information Security Media Group, $30 Billion: Money Well Spent?, February 3, 2012, http://www.govinfosecurity.com/blogs.php?postID=1185 - Redspin, Breach Report 2011, Protected Health Information, http://www.redspin.com/docs/Redspin_PHI_2011_Breach_Report.pdf - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Office for Civil Rights, Annual Report to Congress on HIPAA Privacy Rule and Security Rule Compliance for Calendar Years 2009 and 2010, http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/enforcement/compliancerept.pdf - M. Tremoglie, Legal Newsline, Alaska Fined for HIPAA Violation, July 3, 2012, http://www.legalnewsline.com/news/236619-alaska-fined-for-hipaa-violation - C. Scott, Becker’s Spine Review, Physicians Beware, HIPAA Violations can Affect Your Bottom Line Regardless of the Size of Your Practice, June 13, 2012, http://beckersorthopedicandspine.com/hitmeaningful-useemr/item/12239-physician-beware-hipaa-violations-can-affect-your-bottom-line-regardless-of-the-size- of-your-practice Priority Primary Care Providers - National Association of Community Health Centers, Access Endangered: Profiles of the Medically Disenfranchised, August 8, 2011, http://www.nachc.org/client//NACHC__Access_Endangered_2011.pdf - Primary Care Workforce Facts and Stats No. 1: The Number of Practicing Primary Care Physicians in the United States. AHRQ Publication No. 12-P001-2-EF, October 2011. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Rockville, MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/research/pcwork1.htm - Ibid. - Primary Care Workforce Facts and Stats No. 2: The Number of Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants Practicing Primary Care in the United States. AHRQ Publication No. 12-P001-3-EF, October 2011. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Rockville, MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/research/pcwork2.htm - Ibid. - Schappert S, Rechtsteiner E: Ambulatory Medical Care Utilization Estimates for 2007, from National Center for Health Statistics Vital and Health Statistics, April, 2011, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_13/sr13_169.pdf
  • 19. CITATIONS Priority Primary Care Providers continued - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Primary Care Workforce Facts and Stats No. 3: Distribution of the U.S. Primary Care Workforce. AHRQ Publication No. 12-P001-4-EF, January 2012. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Rockville, MD. http://www.ahrq.gov/research/pcwork3.htm - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, http://www.healthcare.gov/law/resources/authorities/patient-protection.pdf The Affordable Care Act - Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, http://www.healthcare.gov/law/resources/authorities/patient-protection.pdf - Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, http://www.healthcare.gov/law/resources/authorities/reconciliation-law.pdf - Constitution of the United States of America, http://www.constitution.org/cs_found.htm - Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, http://www.healthcare.gov/law/resources/authorities/patient-protection.pdf and Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, http://www.healthcare.gov/law/resources/authorities/reconciliation-law.pdf - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - C-Span, Oral Argument on Anti-Injunction Act and Health Care Law, March 26, 2012, http://www.c-span.org/Events/Oral-Argument-on-Anti- Injunction-Act-and-Health-Care-Law/10737429097/ - SCOTUS Slip Opinion, National Federation of Independent Business, et al v. Sebelius, Secretary of Health and Human Services, et al., June 28, 2012, http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/11pdf/11-393c3a2.pdf - Ibid. - Ibid. Accountable Care Organizations - Muhlestein, D., Croshaw, A., Merrill, T., & Peña, C. (2012). Growth and dispersion of Accountable Care Organizations: June 2012 update. Retrieved July 5, 2012, from http://leavittpartners.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Growth-and-Dispersion-of-ACOs-June-2012-Update2.pdf - Ibid. - Ibid.
  • 20. CITATIONS Accountable Care Organizations continued - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Center for Medicare and Mediciad Innovation. (2012). Pioneer Accountable Care Organization model: General fact sheet. Retrieved July 6, 2012, from http://innovations.cms.gov/Files/fact-sheet/Pioneer-ACO-General-Fact-Sheet.pdf - Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2012). Medicare shared savings program Accountable Care Organizations. Start date: April 1, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2012, from https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment/sharedsavingsprogram/Downloads/MSSP-ACOs-List.pdf - Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2012). Advance payment ACO model. Retrieved June 6, 2012, from http://www.innovations.cms.gov/initiatives/aco/advance- payment/ - McGinnis, T., Small, D. M., & Center for Health Care Strategies, Inc. (2012). Accountable Care Organizations in Medicaid: Emerging practices to guide program design. Retrieved July 6, 2012, from http://www.chcs.org/usr_doc/Creating_ACOs_in_Medicaid.pdf Patient-Centered Medical Home - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Obesity, Halting the Epidemic by Making Health Easier, At a Glance 2011, May 26, 2011, http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/AAG/obesity.htm#aag - Ibid. -American Diabetes Association, Health Care Reform and People with and at-risk for Diabetes, February, 2011, http://www.diabetes.org/assets/pdfs/advocacy/hcr-and-people- with-diabetes.pdf - Ibid. - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Diabetes, Successes and Opportunities for Population-Based Prevention and Control, At a Glance 2011, August 1, 2011, http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/ddt.htm - Norris SL, Kansagara D, Bougatsos C, et al. Screening Adults for Type 2 Diabetes: A Review of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. AHRQ Publication No. 08-05116-EF-4, June 2008. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf08/type2/type2art.htm - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tobacco Use, Targeting the Nation’s Leading Killer, At a Glance, February 22, 2011, http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/aag/osh.htm - Free & Clear, Cancer & Lifestyle: How Employers Can Help Fight Cancer through the Promotion of Healthy Behaviors, 2010, http://www.alerewellbeing.com/_assets/cms_uploads/WP_Cancer_Lifestyle_ACS.pdf - American Cancer Society, Cancer Prevention & Early Detection, Facts & Figures 2012, Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2012. - NCQA, Standards and Guidelines for NCQA’s Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) 2011, January, 2011. - Patient Centered Medical Home Resource Center, Catalogue of Federal PCMH Activities, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, March 2011, http://pcmh.ahrq.gov/portal/server.pt/community/pcmh__home/1483/pcmh_federal_pcmh_activities_v2
  • 21. CITATIONS Patient-Centered Medical Home continued - NCQA Clinician Directory and Search, July, 2012, http://recognition.ncqa.org/ - The Joint Commission, Primary Care Medical Home Certified Organizations, June 19, 2012, http://www.jointcommission.org/pcmh_certified_providers/ - National Academy for State Health Policy, Building Medical Homes: Lessons from Eight States with Emerging Programs, December, 2011, http://nashp.org/sites/default/files/building.medical.homes_.emerging.states.pdf - National Academy for State Health Policy, Medical Home & Patient-Centered Care, January, 2012, http://nashp.org/med-home-map - BlueCross BlueShield Association, Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH), 2012, http://www.bcbs.com/why-bcbs/patient-centered-medical-home/#navtab-2 - A. Bitton, C. Martin, and B.E. Landon, “A Nationwide Survey of Patient-Centered Medical Home Demonstration Projects,” Journal of General Internal Medicine, June 2010 25(6):584-92. - Ibid. Community Health Centers - Health Resources and Services Administration, Data Warehouse, National Summary, July 12, 2012, http://datawarehouse.hrsa.gov/hitnFactSheet.aspx - Ibid. - Health Resources and Services Administration, The Affordable Care Act and Health Centers, Health Center Fact Sheet, 2012, http://bphc.hrsa.gov/about/healthcenterfactsheet.pdf - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - Ibid. - J. Breslow, Frontline, Dollars and Dentists, How to Fix a Broken Dental Safety Net, June 27, 2012, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/health-science- technology/dollars-and-dentists/how-to-fix-a-broken-dental-safety-net/ - Ibid. - Health Resources and Services Administration, The Affordable Care Act and Health Centers, Health Center Fact Sheet, 2012, http://bphc.hrsa.gov/about/healthcenterfactsheet.pdf - Ibid.