2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
2024 State of Marketing Report – by HubspotMarius Sescu
https://www.hubspot.com/state-of-marketing
· Scaling relationships and proving ROI
· Social media is the place for search, sales, and service
· Authentic influencer partnerships fuel brand growth
· The strongest connections happen via call, click, chat, and camera.
· Time saved with AI leads to more creative work
· Seeking: A single source of truth
· TLDR; Get on social, try AI, and align your systems.
· More human marketing, powered by robots
ChatGPT is a revolutionary addition to the world since its introduction in 2022. A big shift in the sector of information gathering and processing happened because of this chatbot. What is the story of ChatGPT? How is the bot responding to prompts and generating contents? Swipe through these slides prepared by Expeed Software, a web development company regarding the development and technical intricacies of ChatGPT!
Product Design Trends in 2024 | Teenage EngineeringsPixeldarts
The realm of product design is a constantly changing environment where technology and style intersect. Every year introduces fresh challenges and exciting trends that mold the future of this captivating art form. In this piece, we delve into the significant trends set to influence the look and functionality of product design in the year 2024.
How Race, Age and Gender Shape Attitudes Towards Mental HealthThinkNow
Mental health has been in the news quite a bit lately. Dozens of U.S. states are currently suing Meta for contributing to the youth mental health crisis by inserting addictive features into their products, while the U.S. Surgeon General is touring the nation to bring awareness to the growing epidemic of loneliness and isolation. The country has endured periods of low national morale, such as in the 1970s when high inflation and the energy crisis worsened public sentiment following the Vietnam War. The current mood, however, feels different. Gallup recently reported that national mental health is at an all-time low, with few bright spots to lift spirits.
To better understand how Americans are feeling and their attitudes towards mental health in general, ThinkNow conducted a nationally representative quantitative survey of 1,500 respondents and found some interesting differences among ethnic, age and gender groups.
Technology
For example, 52% agree that technology and social media have a negative impact on mental health, but when broken out by race, 61% of Whites felt technology had a negative effect, and only 48% of Hispanics thought it did.
While technology has helped us keep in touch with friends and family in faraway places, it appears to have degraded our ability to connect in person. Staying connected online is a double-edged sword since the same news feed that brings us pictures of the grandkids and fluffy kittens also feeds us news about the wars in Israel and Ukraine, the dysfunction in Washington, the latest mass shooting and the climate crisis.
Hispanics may have a built-in defense against the isolation technology breeds, owing to their large, multigenerational households, strong social support systems, and tendency to use social media to stay connected with relatives abroad.
Age and Gender
When asked how individuals rate their mental health, men rate it higher than women by 11 percentage points, and Baby Boomers rank it highest at 83%, saying it’s good or excellent vs. 57% of Gen Z saying the same.
Gen Z spends the most amount of time on social media, so the notion that social media negatively affects mental health appears to be correlated. Unfortunately, Gen Z is also the generation that’s least comfortable discussing mental health concerns with healthcare professionals. Only 40% of them state they’re comfortable discussing their issues with a professional compared to 60% of Millennials and 65% of Boomers.
Race Affects Attitudes
As seen in previous research conducted by ThinkNow, Asian Americans lag other groups when it comes to awareness of mental health issues. Twenty-four percent of Asian Americans believe that having a mental health issue is a sign of weakness compared to the 16% average for all groups. Asians are also considerably less likely to be aware of mental health services in their communities (42% vs. 55%) and most likely to seek out information on social media (51% vs. 35%).
AI Trends in Creative Operations 2024 by Artwork Flow.pdfmarketingartwork
This article is all about what AI trends will emerge in the field of creative operations in 2024. All the marketers and brand builders should be aware of these trends for their further use and save themselves some time!
A report by thenetworkone and Kurio.
The contributing experts and agencies are (in an alphabetical order): Sylwia Rytel, Social Media Supervisor, 180heartbeats + JUNG v MATT (PL), Sharlene Jenner, Vice President - Director of Engagement Strategy, Abelson Taylor (USA), Alex Casanovas, Digital Director, Atrevia (ES), Dora Beilin, Senior Social Strategist, Barrett Hoffher (USA), Min Seo, Campaign Director, Brand New Agency (KR), Deshé M. Gully, Associate Strategist, Day One Agency (USA), Francesca Trevisan, Strategist, Different (IT), Trevor Crossman, CX and Digital Transformation Director; Olivia Hussey, Strategic Planner; Simi Srinarula, Social Media Manager, The Hallway (AUS), James Hebbert, Managing Director, Hylink (CN / UK), Mundy Álvarez, Planning Director; Pedro Rojas, Social Media Manager; Pancho González, CCO, Inbrax (CH), Oana Oprea, Head of Digital Planning, Jam Session Agency (RO), Amy Bottrill, Social Account Director, Launch (UK), Gaby Arriaga, Founder, Leonardo1452 (MX), Shantesh S Row, Creative Director, Liwa (UAE), Rajesh Mehta, Chief Strategy Officer; Dhruv Gaur, Digital Planning Lead; Leonie Mergulhao, Account Supervisor - Social Media & PR, Medulla (IN), Aurelija Plioplytė, Head of Digital & Social, Not Perfect (LI), Daiana Khaidargaliyeva, Account Manager, Osaka Labs (UK / USA), Stefanie Söhnchen, Vice President Digital, PIABO Communications (DE), Elisabeth Winiartati, Managing Consultant, Head of Global Integrated Communications; Lydia Aprina, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Nita Prabowo, Account Manager, Integrated Marketing and Communications; Okhi, Web Developer, PNTR Group (ID), Kei Obusan, Insights Director; Daffi Ranandi, Insights Manager, Radarr (SG), Gautam Reghunath, Co-founder & CEO, Talented (IN), Donagh Humphreys, Head of Social and Digital Innovation, THINKHOUSE (IRE), Sarah Yim, Strategy Director, Zulu Alpha Kilo (CA).
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
The search marketing landscape is evolving rapidly with new technologies, and professionals, like you, rely on innovative paid search strategies to meet changing demands.
It’s important that you’re ready to implement new strategies in 2024.
Check this out and learn the top trends in paid search advertising that are expected to gain traction, so you can drive higher ROI more efficiently in 2024.
You’ll learn:
- The latest trends in AI and automation, and what this means for an evolving paid search ecosystem.
- New developments in privacy and data regulation.
- Emerging ad formats that are expected to make an impact next year.
Watch Sreekant Lanka from iQuanti and Irina Klein from OneMain Financial as they dive into the future of paid search and explore the trends, strategies, and technologies that will shape the search marketing landscape.
If you’re looking to assess your paid search strategy and design an industry-aligned plan for 2024, then this webinar is for you.
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
From their humble beginnings in 1984, TED has grown into the world’s most powerful amplifier for speakers and thought-leaders to share their ideas. They have over 2,400 filmed talks (not including the 30,000+ TEDx videos) freely available online, and have hosted over 17,500 events around the world.
With over one billion views in a year, it’s no wonder that so many speakers are looking to TED for ideas on how to share their message more effectively.
The article “5 Public-Speaking Tips TED Gives Its Speakers”, by Carmine Gallo for Forbes, gives speakers five practical ways to connect with their audience, and effectively share their ideas on stage.
Whether you are gearing up to get on a TED stage yourself, or just want to master the skills that so many of their speakers possess, these tips and quotes from Chris Anderson, the TED Talks Curator, will encourage you to make the most impactful impression on your audience.
See the full article and more summaries like this on SpeakerHub here: https://speakerhub.com/blog/5-presentation-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers
See the original article on Forbes here:
http://www.forbes.com/forbes/welcome/?toURL=http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2016/05/06/5-public-speaking-tips-ted-gives-its-speakers/&refURL=&referrer=#5c07a8221d9b
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
Everyone is in agreement that ChatGPT (and other generative AI tools) will shape the future of work. Yet there is little consensus on exactly how, when, and to what extent this technology will change our world.
Businesses that extract maximum value from ChatGPT will use it as a collaborative tool for everything from brainstorming to technical maintenance.
For individuals, now is the time to pinpoint the skills the future professional will need to thrive in the AI age.
Check out this presentation to understand what ChatGPT is, how it will shape the future of work, and how you can prepare to take advantage.
A brief introduction to DataScience with explaining of the concepts, algorithms, machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, clustering, statistics, data preprocessing, real-world applications etc.
It's part of a Data Science Corner Campaign where I will be discussing the fundamentals of DataScience, AIML, Statistics etc.
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
Here's my presentation on by proven best practices how to manage your work time effectively and how to improve your productivity. It includes practical tips and how to use tools such as Slack, Google Apps, Hubspot, Google Calendar, Gmail and others.
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
The six step guide to practical project management
If you think managing projects is too difficult, think again.
We’ve stripped back project management processes to the
basics – to make it quicker and easier, without sacrificing
the vital ingredients for success.
“If you’re looking for some real-world guidance, then The Six Step Guide to Practical Project Management will help.”
Dr Andrew Makar, Tactical Project Management
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
1-positivismo-apuntes-1.pdf
1. StuDocu no está patrocinado ni avalado por ningún colegio o universidad.
1. Positivismo - Apuntes 1
Seminario Teoría Y Método De La Historia (Universidad de Murcia)
StuDocu no está patrocinado ni avalado por ningún colegio o universidad.
1. Positivismo - Apuntes 1
Seminario Teoría Y Método De La Historia (Universidad de Murcia)
Descargado por ESTEFANIA RIVERA (Rivadeneirakatherine21@gmail.com)
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2. Seminario de Teoría y Método de la Historia
-vertiente de Contemporánea-
Profª María José Vilar
Grupo B (2018/2019)
1
POSITIVISMO
DEFINICIÓN Podemos entender el positivismo histórico (o la escuela positivista)
como una corriente historiográfica derivada de la filosofía
positivista, la cual fue creada en el primer tercio del siglo XIX por
el filósofo francés Auguste Comte. Sus principios radican en el
empleo correcto del método científico, para la cual la única fuente
de conocimiento que puede llegar a ser válida, es aquella que apoya
sus teorías en la observación experimental. Los historiadores
positivistas propugnaban un futuro de la investigación histórica
basado en la utilización de la documentación original, por lo que
ninguna otra fuente tenía ni podía tener tanto valor como el recurso
al propio documento del archivo.
CONTEXTUALIZACIÓN El movimiento positivista surge durante la época de la Revolución
Francesa (1789) y las revoluciones liberales de la primera mitad del
siglo XIX.
Fruto de la convergencia entre los movimientos culturales de la
Ilustración y el Romanticismo, hubo intelectuales que defendieron
el uso del método científico mediante un férreo pragmatismo a
través de las ciencias experimentales. Su finalidad era alcanzar la
verdad absoluta a través de acontecimientos concretos, caso por
ejemplo de la Revolución Francesa.
El discurrir de sus acontecimientos propició el interés por la
reconstrucción de los hechos, apoyándose en datos reales y
documentales. De este modo, surgió la «escuela metódica» francesa
donde la historia no era más que el empleo de los documentos
apoyándose en el uso del método inductivo, haciendo que los hechos
políticos primasen sobre los sociales a la hora de ser analizados.
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3. Seminario de Teoría y Método de la Historia
-vertiente de Contemporánea-
Profª María José Vilar
Grupo B (2018/2019)
2
Por otro lado, las campañas napoleónicas dejaron tras de sí la
intromisión del liberalismo político, motivo por el cual las
estructuras del Antiguo Régimen comenzaron a ser concebidas
como caducas. Esto permitió que un sector de intelectuales
positivistas intentasen las mejoras en la investigación como seña de
las pretensiones por alcanzar la modernización a través de la
creación de instituciones como L´Ecole de Chartes (1820) en
Francia y, en el caso alemán, la Universidad de Gotinga (Hannover),
de la cual surgió el historicismo o positivismo histórico alemán
como corriente historiográfica de la mano de intelectuales como
Ranke y Mommsen, entre otros.
CARACTERÍSTICAS El positivismo se basa en el conocimiento científico. Así
mismo, irá en contra del pensamiento metafísico; es decir, solo
acepta los resultados que puedan ser comprobados mediante
métodos empíricos. Las teorías de los positivistas estarán
fundadas en hechos comprobables, no en opiniones o
deducciones abstractas. Para ellos la realidad hay que
descubrirla, y el historiador ha de recopilar hechos, no
interpretarlos.
Alcance de la verdad absoluta extrayendo los hechos de los
documentos.
Neutralidad en sus investigaciones y abandono de la
subjetividad. Los positivistas consideraban que si el
investigador tenía presente sus experiencias anteriores, el
resultado al que llegaría sería distinto. Además, en ese resultado
también influyen los conocimientos sobre el concepto que ya se
tuviesen.
Cada uno de los acontecimientos históricos deber ser
considerado y comprendido aisladamente como algo único.
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4. Seminario de Teoría y Método de la Historia
-vertiente de Contemporánea-
Profª María José Vilar
Grupo B (2018/2019)
3
Se prioriza la historia fáctica, es decir, la estrictamente
concerniente a los acontecimientos concretos, fechas y
personajes.
Desarrollo de las ciencias auxiliares de la Historia (Epigrafía,
Numismática, Paleografía, Diplomática), encargadas de proveer
de fuentes a la Historia.
MÉTODO El método positivista histórico se constituye del siguiente modo:
Análisis: Se examinan las fuentes en sus aspectos externos, tales
como la materia escriptoria, los autores, la fecha y la originalidad
mediante técnicas como la hermenéutica.
Crítica al texto histórico: Con ella se decide, en base a un análisis
previo, qué es lo que se acepta y lo que no. En realidad, esto
resulta contradictorio pues este paso incurría en un obligado
posicionamiento que podía conducir a la subjetividad y, por lo
tanto, romper con el objetivo de alcanzar la verdad absoluta. La
crítica lleva implícita la recopilación de las fuentes para la
búsqueda del dato como referencia.
El resultante de todo ello fue la publicación de monografías de gran
extensión, ricas en el detalle y la precisión.
ESCUELAS En Francia se establece la École des Chartes, fundada por una
ordenanza de febrero de 1821, con el fin de tratar, catalogar y ofrecer
la consulta de los estudiosos e investigadores la abundante
documentación y libros que se amontonaba sin ningún orden como
consecuencia de las confiscaciones llevadas a cabo con la
Revolución Francesa.
Esta Escuela se impuso en el campo histórico, principalmente en el
de la historia medieval, surgiendo en 1839 la Société de l’École des
Chartes. En definitiva, la École des Chartes se convirtió en una
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5. Seminario de Teoría y Método de la Historia
-vertiente de Contemporánea-
Profª María José Vilar
Grupo B (2018/2019)
4
institución de referencia europea, tanto por su pedagogía y como por
su metodología de la investigación histórica.
REPRESENTANTES En Francia.
Auguste Comte (1798-1857). Filósofo e historiador burgués.
Fundador del positivismo. Su pensamiento se vio influenciado
por el conde de Saint-Simon (1760-1825), un historiador y
teórico político francés de orígenes aristocráticos que participó
activamente en la política durante la Revolución Francesa. Para
Comte, el positivismo serviría para poner a la humanidad en el
lugar de Dios mediante la búsqueda de la verdad absoluta a través
del método científico y acorde a las ciencias naturales
emergentes durante la Ilustración. En su faceta como historiador,
destaca su teoría de ‘los tres estados’.
Gabriel Monod (1844-1912). Profesor en la École Practique des
Hautes Études (Escuela de estudios de posgrado). Fundó la
revista Revue Historique (Diario histórico), donde publicó un
programa sobre la ciencia histórica, lo que permite hablar de él
como el padre fundador de la historia positivista francesa.
Charles-Victor Langlois (1863-1942). Medievalista francés de
gran transcendencia historiográfica pues, junto a Seignovos,
publicó la obra Introducción a los textos históricos (1898). El
analista Lucien Febvre describió esta última como “la biblia del
método positivista”.
Charles Seignovos (1854-1942). Historiador contemporaneista.
Interesado por la historia de la Revolución Francesa publicó
obras como Historia de la civilización (1884-1886), Historia
política de la Europa contemporánea (1887), así como
Introducción a los textos históricos (1898). Esta última fue
publicada conjuntamente con el historiador medievalista
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6. Seminario de Teoría y Método de la Historia
-vertiente de Contemporánea-
Profª María José Vilar
Grupo B (2018/2019)
5
Charles-Victor Langlois (1863-1942). Ambos se consideran dos
grandes referentes para la historiografía francesa.
Hipólito Taine (1828-1893). Historiador y filósofo. Autor de Los
orígenes de la Francia contemporánea (1876). El primer
volumen de la misma se corresponde con la historia de la
Revolución Francesa y el fin del Antiguo Régimen. Se considera
uno de los máximos exponentes del positivismo histórico.
En Inglaterra.
John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). Filósofo, político y economista.
Introdujo una profunda renovación para el positivismo
histórico, pues concibió la Historia como algo predecible en su
conducta donde, al igual que el resto de las ciencias, existía la
individualidad; es decir, la posibilidad de estudiar algo de forma
aislada y muy específica. Entre sus múltiples obras destacar
Sobre la libertad (1859), donde reflexionó acerca de la libertad
de expresión como derecho.
Henry Thomas Bukle (1821-1862). Historiador y sociólogo. Se
trata de uno de los máximos exponentes del positivismo
histórico. Es autor de la reconocida obra Historia de la
civilización en Inglaterra (1857).
En España.
Ramón Menéndez Pidal (1869-1968). Historiador y maestro de
la Filología española. En contraposición a Marcelino Menéndez
Pelayo, hizo uso de las técnicas del método positivista para sus
investigaciones debido a su afinidad con la escuela alemana de
filología, lo que le condujo a la elaboración de obras como
Manual elemental de gramática histórica española (1904). En el
ámbito de la Historia destacó la elaboración del monográfico La
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Historia de España, desde 1935 hasta su fallecimiento. Tras este
último, la obra fue continuada por el contemporaneista José
María Jover. Se trata de toda una obra magna de la historia de
España y la historiografía española pues, su dilatado proceso de
elaboración, hace de esta todo un ejemplo de la evolución de las
distintas corrientes historiográficas en nuestro país acorde a la
diversidad que, desde el punto de vista de la teoría y método de
la Historia, aportaron cada uno de sus autores. En otras palabras,
la Historia de España de Ramón Menéndez Pidal es también la
historia de la historiografía española.
Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz (1893-1984). Historiador
medievalista. Su tesis La Monarquía en Asturias, León y Castilla
durante los siglos VIII al XIII. La Potestad Real y los Señoríos
(1916), muestra el objeto de interés de parte de los historiadores
positivistas sobre la historia política, especialmente en España,
en lo concerniente a la historia de las instituciones.
DETRACTORES Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo (1856-1912): Influenciado por el
conservadurismo político y religioso que vivía España en aquel
instante, destaca su firme posición contra el positivismo histórico
en su obra Historia de los heterodoxos españoles (1880).
Max Horkheimer (1895-1973) y Theodor Adorno (1903-1969)
-ambos pertenecientes a la Escuela de Frankfurt (1920),
caracterizada por el desarrollo de la Teoría Crítica-, fueron muy
críticos con el positivismo, pues pensaban que este llevaba a la
aceptación de los hechos sin analizar y criticar los problemas o
sus consecuencias que pudieran generarle a la sociedad, tales
como: la desigualdad, la pobreza, entre otros. Ellos pensaban que
el positivismo legitimaba el poder de los sectores dominantes y
ayudaba a repetir el estado de las cosas. En consecuencia,
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7
plantearon que la ciencia debía estar comprometida en especial
con aquellas clases sociales más desfavorecidas tales como los
pobres.
BIBLIOGRAFÍA Aróstegui, J. (2001). La investigación histórica: teoría y método.
Barcelona: Crítica.
Cantera Montenegro, E. (coord.). (2012). Tendencias
historiográficas actuales. Historia Medieval, Moderna y
Contemporánea. Madrid: Editorial Universitaria Ramón
Areces – UNED.
Casado Quintanilla, B. (coord.). (2001). Tendencias
historiográficas actuales. Madrid: UNED.
Hernández Sandoica, E. (1995a). Tendencias historiográficas
actuales: escribir historia hoy. Madrid: Akal.
Hernández Sandoica, E. (1995b). Los caminos de la Historia.
Cuestiones de historiografía y método. Madrid: Letras
universitarias.
Leiser, E. (2000). ¿Cómo saber?: el positivismo y sus críticos en la
filosofía de las ciencias. Llull: Revista de la Sociedad Española
de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Técnicas, 23(47), 357-398.
Páez, J. M. A. (1991). Positivismo y Neopositivismo. Logos: Anales
del Seminario de Metafísica, 25, 143-154.
Paredes, G. (2009). Críticas epistemológicas y metodológicas a la
concepción positivista en las ciencias sociales (2009).
Universidad Simón Rodríguez. Rescatado de:
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/5777158.pdf
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