Chesapeake Employers began in 1914 as the Maryland State Accident Fund and has since grown to be the largest provider of workers' compensation insurance in Maryland. Over its 100 year history, it has evolved from a state agency to a private, non-profit company while continuing its mission of serving Maryland employers and workers. As it celebrates its centennial in 2014, Chesapeake Employers has achieved an A- financial rating, demonstrating its financial strength after transitioning to a new structure and commitment to controlling costs over the past decade.
Postojna je imela ogromno vojašnico, ki je nudila cvetoč posel za "šivilje". Šivilje so tiste, ki imajo veliko obiskov tujih moških. Po domače se jim reče tudi kurbe. Ko so prišli "na Slovenke" tovariši z vrha partije, se je splačalo tudi zanositi, saj je režim dobro poskrbel za take kukavičje Mihce in Majdice. Če boste pregledali vse slikanice, boste ugotovili, da sta iz Postojne tudi Pahor in Bavčar.
Se plantea considerar en licitación de distribuidoras, bloques mixtos, tradicional con ERNC, que queden bajo un mismo oferente seleccionado, de manera de bajar costo equivalente para el cliente final.
Postojna je imela ogromno vojašnico, ki je nudila cvetoč posel za "šivilje". Šivilje so tiste, ki imajo veliko obiskov tujih moških. Po domače se jim reče tudi kurbe. Ko so prišli "na Slovenke" tovariši z vrha partije, se je splačalo tudi zanositi, saj je režim dobro poskrbel za take kukavičje Mihce in Majdice. Če boste pregledali vse slikanice, boste ugotovili, da sta iz Postojne tudi Pahor in Bavčar.
Se plantea considerar en licitación de distribuidoras, bloques mixtos, tradicional con ERNC, que queden bajo un mismo oferente seleccionado, de manera de bajar costo equivalente para el cliente final.
Troy NealWednesdayMar 14 at 852pmManage Discussion EntryJRN41.docxturveycharlyn
Troy Neal
WednesdayMar 14 at 8:52pm
Manage Discussion Entry
JRN410 – Blogging and Privacy Protection – Discussion 2 [Week 4]
Troy Neal
The internet since its inception has grown larger than anyone could have possibly imagined back when it was first introduced in the early 1990’s. However, with the evolution of the internet and its availability, internet laws have also evolved, although arguably still behind the times.
CampusTrashMouth and their blog style website could be compelled to give up the identity of their anonymous bloggers, but it would be improbable in a court of law. Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act is a common name for Title V of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 and is a piece of legislation that states, “no provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.” (US Congress, 1996) Basically stating in the case of CampusTrashMouth, they would be considered intermediates rather than publishers.
In 1994 Prodigy, an early provider of online services was found to be legally liable for a defamatory anonymous posting on one of its message boards. However, in 1996 the United States Congress passed section 230 of CDA which is why Bob would most likely lose his pending lawsuit. Section 230 is a controversial piece of legislation because up until recently the court rulings had been very one-sided in favor of immunity for those who post anonymously online. With the ever-changing laws and growing concerns over online bullying section, 230 has come under considerable scrutiny and continues to be challenged with each and every new case.
References
United States Congress. (1996). 47 U.S. Code § 230 - Protection for private blocking and screening of offensive material. Retrieved from https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/47/230 (Links to an external site.)
ROCRASTINATION
LAGIERISM
&
Plagiarism
Today’s Economic Challenges 2017
Today’s Economic ChallengesBitcoinMinimum WageCapital Gains TaxOffshore BankingCorporate TaxOnline Sales TaxEconomic StimulusOvertime PayEqual PayPaid Sick LeaveEstate TaxPension ReformFarm SubsidiesProperty TaxesFederal ReservePuerto Rico BailoutGovernment PensionsWall Street AccountabilityGovernment SpendingWelfareLabor UnionsWelfare Drug Testing
Oh, the morality: why ethics matters in economics is because “Economic Challenges” are ethical Issues
5
The U.S. trade deficit: America today imports almost twice as much merchandise as it exports.
Our relentlessly growing trade deficit is now over $700 billion annually, translates to almost 300,000 lost American jobs.
With this deficit the country’s reliance on foreign borrowing has increased, and foreign creditors now provide two-thirds of America’s net domestic investment.
Today we owe the rest of the world about $4 trillion—over twice what we owed in 2000.
Today’s Economic Challenges ...
Troy NealWednesdayMar 14 at 852pmManage Discussion EntryJRN41.docxturveycharlyn
Troy Neal
WednesdayMar 14 at 8:52pm
Manage Discussion Entry
JRN410 – Blogging and Privacy Protection – Discussion 2 [Week 4]
Troy Neal
The internet since its inception has grown larger than anyone could have possibly imagined back when it was first introduced in the early 1990’s. However, with the evolution of the internet and its availability, internet laws have also evolved, although arguably still behind the times.
CampusTrashMouth and their blog style website could be compelled to give up the identity of their anonymous bloggers, but it would be improbable in a court of law. Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act is a common name for Title V of the Telecommunications Act of 1996 and is a piece of legislation that states, “no provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider.” (US Congress, 1996) Basically stating in the case of CampusTrashMouth, they would be considered intermediates rather than publishers.
In 1994 Prodigy, an early provider of online services was found to be legally liable for a defamatory anonymous posting on one of its message boards. However, in 1996 the United States Congress passed section 230 of CDA which is why Bob would most likely lose his pending lawsuit. Section 230 is a controversial piece of legislation because up until recently the court rulings had been very one-sided in favor of immunity for those who post anonymously online. With the ever-changing laws and growing concerns over online bullying section, 230 has come under considerable scrutiny and continues to be challenged with each and every new case.
References
United States Congress. (1996). 47 U.S. Code § 230 - Protection for private blocking and screening of offensive material. Retrieved from https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/47/230 (Links to an external site.)
ROCRASTINATION
LAGIERISM
&
Plagiarism
Today’s Economic Challenges 2017
Today’s Economic ChallengesBitcoinMinimum WageCapital Gains TaxOffshore BankingCorporate TaxOnline Sales TaxEconomic StimulusOvertime PayEqual PayPaid Sick LeaveEstate TaxPension ReformFarm SubsidiesProperty TaxesFederal ReservePuerto Rico BailoutGovernment PensionsWall Street AccountabilityGovernment SpendingWelfareLabor UnionsWelfare Drug Testing
Oh, the morality: why ethics matters in economics is because “Economic Challenges” are ethical Issues
5
The U.S. trade deficit: America today imports almost twice as much merchandise as it exports.
Our relentlessly growing trade deficit is now over $700 billion annually, translates to almost 300,000 lost American jobs.
With this deficit the country’s reliance on foreign borrowing has increased, and foreign creditors now provide two-thirds of America’s net domestic investment.
Today we owe the rest of the world about $4 trillion—over twice what we owed in 2000.
Today’s Economic Challenges ...
2. We have certainly come a long way since
1914, when we first opened our doors as the
Maryland State Accident Fund. Since that time,
Chesapeake Employers has grown into the
largest writer of workers’ compensation
insurance in Maryland.
As we celebrate our 100th anniversary on
April 16, 2014, we look back over the last century
with pride for all we’ve achieved over the years.
At this important milestone in our company’s
evolution, Chesapeake Employers has never
been stronger.
In November 2013, less than two months
after becoming a non-profit, non-stock, private
insurance company on October 1, we were
awarded an A- (Excellent) financial rating by the
A.M. Best Company. This is a tremendous accomplishment and reflects our
efforts during the past decade to control operating costs and claims
expenses while building our financial strength.
Although our corporate structure has changed, our mission has not.
We continue to provide timely benefits to injured workers and unwavering
protection for approximately 21,000 employers. Like our founding father,
the late Senator David J. Lewis, we have always been committed to serving
Maryland’s working men and women – the backbone of our state’s economy.
We are excited to celebrate our first 100 years in business, and look
forward to serving Maryland for many more years to come!
Sincerely,
Tom Phelan, CPA
President and CEO
Chesapeake Employers’ Insurance Company
Celebrating 100 years of service ... and one man’s vision
David J. Lewis,
a self-taught
lawyer from
Cumberland
and a staunch
friend of the
working man,
served in the
Maryland State
Senate from
1902 to 1906. He sponsored the
first workers’ compensation bill in
Maryland that led to the creation,
in 1914, of the State Accident
Fund, the predecessor to
Chesapeake Employers.
Lewis worked in the coal
mines from the ages of 9 to 23,
so he knew firsthand the inherent
dangers of this industry. The leg-
islation he wrote – the Maryland
Workmen’s Compensation Act
– was initially designed to provide
compensation for those injured
in our mining and logging indus-
tries but was soon expanded to
include many other occupations.
This legisation was revolution-
ary in its time. Previously, injured
workers had little recourse to
reclaim lost wages except to sue
their employers, which proved
too costly for the average work-
ing man, who typically earned
less than $10 a week. The modern
workers’ compensation system
“eliminated fault as a cause of
injury” and provided for “speedy
relief of benefits for injured work-
men” that was “acceptable to
employers and employees” alike.
2
3. The Maryland Workmen’s Compensation Act of 1914 is passed. The Maryland State Accident Fund is created
under the State Industrial Accident Commission. The Fund insures 842 Maryland businesses in its first year. Among
the important decisions of the Fund that year: “Drivers of horses and mules [are] covered.” From the beginning,
Chesapeake operates as a guaranteed market insurer, providing coverage to all who apply. On December 13, 1917, the
Town of Rising Sun, Maryland, takes out a policy with the Fund to cover its town workers. Today, this town is our longest
active policyholder, insuring with us continuously for 96 years.
1
3
1914
4. 4
After World War I, the country is focused on economic growth. In the 1920s, Baltimore, like many East Coast cities, is
a major manufacturer of garments and textiles. Working conditions typical of the time include crowded shop floors,
low wages and long hours for both children and adults. There begins a growing awareness of the importance of
workplace safety. The Fund’s 1927 Annual Report states, “The merit rating system which was put into effect in 1926
is working out very satisfactorily and is offering an incentive to the policyholder to take greater interest in accident
prevention....”
1920s
5. 5
The nation is in the middle of the Great Depression in the 1930s. Many employers go out of business as a result.
Maryland’s population at the time is 1.8 million. The Fair Labor Standards Act is passed in 1938. This federal law
requires overtime to be paid after 40 hours are worked in a work week. Claims the Fund pays in 1932 include
983 temporary total, 56 permanent partial, and 11 fatalities. A glimpse of the types of claims in Maryland in 1932
include 263 from coal mining operations, 124 from bakeries, 31 from hardware/furniture stores, six from pickle
makers, and three from umbrella manufacturers.
1930s
6. From the beginning, municipal employees are covered under the Maryland Workmen’s Compensation Act. We still
cover many municipal fire departments. As the U.S. enters World War II, Maryland does its part for the war effort by
building Liberty Ships at Sparrows Point and bombers in Middle River. In 1941, the Fund separates from the Industrial
Accident Commission (today the Workers’ Compensation Commission). The Fund proposes in its 1943 Annual Report
the creation of its first safety department. “The prompt establishment of this Department would materially assist
in the war effort by reducing hazards, decreasing accidents in many of our industrial plants now engaged in the
production of war material....” The Fund insures 3,609 businesses in 1949; the average annual premium is $234.
6
1940s
7. 7
In 1951, the Fund writes $1 million in annual premium. The Fund promotes the basic slogans to its policyholders:
“Security, Service, Savings” and “Cooperation in Accident Prevention.” In 1952, construction is completed on
the William Preston Lane, Jr. Memorial Bridge (Chesapeake Bay Bridge). The Fund’s 1955 Annual Report notes an
increase in the experience “Credit Rating Maximum from 40% to 50% in order to suitably recognize those employers
who, through their continuing exceptional safety record, largely contributed to [our] success.”
1950s
8. 8
Throughout the 1960s, momentum builds for the Civil Rights Movement. In 1960, the Fund includes the message
“Safety Pays” on policyholder material. The Fund moves to the state office building at 301 W. Preston Street in
Baltimore. The Baltimore Beltway is completed in 1963, and construction begins on the second span of the Bay
Bridge. In 1964, the Fund celebrates its 50th anniversary. Then-Governor J. Millard Tawes pens a congratulatory
note on this milestone: “Operating in an era of changing social and economic conditions, the State Accident Fund
has steadfastly maintained a competitive position among all compensation insurance carriers.... On this Golden
Anniversary of the Fund, it is my pleasure to extend [my] congratulations....”
1960s
9. 9
In 1970, Congress enacts the Occupational Safety and Health Act and creates a new branch of government,
OSHA, to help protect the nation’s workers on the job. In 1972, the national workplace injury rate is 10.9 incidents
per 100 workers. By 2012, the workplace injury rate continues to show a positive decline with 3.2 incidents per 100
workers. In 1976, the country celebrates its bicentennial. The Fund is placed under the Maryland Department of
Personnel. In 1977, the Fund moves to 8722 Loch Raven Blvd. in Towson, Maryland.
1970s
10. 10
Baltimore’s famed Harborplace opens in 1980. The increasing use of the personal computer in the 1980s
revolutionizes the American workplace. The Fund insures 9,400 policyholders in 1983. In 1987, the Fund becomes an
independent state agency, and writes $100 million in annual premium. In 1989, the World Wide Web is created. Also
in 1989, the State Employee Risk Management Administration (SERMA) is formed by way of a governor’s Executive
Order to establish a safer work environment for all state employees. The Fund breaks ground for a new building in
Towson, Maryland.
1980s
11. 11
In 1990, the Maryland State Accident Fund changes its name to the Injured Workers’ Insurance Fund (IWIF).
Imaging technology, a customer service call center, and start-to-finish claims processes are instituted. In addition,
IWIF establishes its first fraud investigation and subrogation departments. In 1996, IWIF enhances its partnership with
Maryland’s independent insurance agents and brokers. Today, we market through the offices of approximately
1,400 independent agents. By the end of the decade, we take on responsibility for coordinating disability benefits
for Baltimore’s retired Bethlehem Steel mill workers after the steel mill closes operations.
1990s
12. In 2001, IWIF launches its safety brand message “Safety Saves With IWIF.” Ninety percent of policyholders report no
workplace injuries in 2011 by making safety a priority. On October 1, 2013, we become Chesapeake Employers’
Insurance, a private insurance company. On November 26, 2013, Chesapeake Employers receives an A- (Excellent)
financial rating from the A.M. Best Company upon converting from an independent state agency to a private
company. Today, we are the leading writer of workers’ compensation insurance in Maryland. On April 16, 2014, we
celebrate 100 years in business.
2000s & today
12