The document compares structured design and object-oriented design approaches, highlighting that structured design divides problems into subproblems through a top-down method, while object-oriented design focuses on objects and their interactions. Both methodologies aim to simplify complex issues, though structured design is generally easier to understand and maintain, whereas object-oriented design is preferred for modeling real-world problems naturally. The author favors object-oriented design for its effectiveness in solving real-world issues through object modeling.