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美超級電腦突破每秒運算千兆次 跨越里程碑
  美國一部軍用超級電腦達到了電腦工業界長期以來追求的電腦運算能力里程碑,一秒鐘運算能力達到 1.026 千兆次( quadrillion )。   這台軍用超級電腦採用原本為了電玩而設計的元件組裝而成,速度比之前寫下運算速度的 IBM 的 BlueGene/L 超級電腦速度還快兩倍。   創下新紀錄的電腦是 IBM 和美國洛薩拉摩斯國家實驗室合作,花 1 億 3300 萬美元打造的「路跑者」( Roadrunner )超級電腦,用來處理核武資料的軍事機密,在投入軍事用途之前,也將先用來模擬氣候變遷,更高的運算速度讓氣候學家得以有更精確的氣候模型。
  「路跑者」採用 1 萬 2960 個改良版 IBM Cell 處理器晶片,這款晶片原本是為了新力 PS3 電玩主機所設計,另外再加上少部分超微的 Opteron 處理器,處理核心共 11 萬 6640 個。
  美國能源部國家核能安全管理局長達哥斯提諾說,「路跑者」一天能處理的資料,相當於全球 60 億人用計算機每天 24 小時、每週 7 天不眠不休的算,要算 46 年才算得完。不過「路跑者」運算時所需的電能也很驚人,要 300 百萬瓦。 每秒浮點運算能力突破千兆次的超級電腦,被視為軍事、技術和科學用途上的重要里程碑,許多過去前一代電腦需要好幾個月運算的資料,可以縮短到幾小時,甚至過去看來無法實踐的實驗也能付諸實現,而這可望為科學和工程帶來根本性的改變,超級電腦同時也被視為經濟國力的象徵。
  儘管超級電腦能力向來是美國主宰,但是 2002 年一度被日本的「地球模擬器」以每秒 35 兆次運算能力打敗,兩年後才又由 IBM 的藍色基因幫美國奪回寶座。但是日本有能力超越已經讓美國警覺,促使國會和布希政府重新重視投資超級電腦的研發。    紐約時報 8 日報導,打破千兆次運算瓶頸來得比一般預期的還快,這也讓美國超級電腦工業能保持能力穩定提昇的腳步,預計 11 年內超級電腦運算利可以提昇 1000 倍,達到每秒萬兆次。
  另一個趨勢是特殊用途和一般消費性電腦處理器的混用,每一次新一代超級電腦問世,都促使消費市場軟硬體更新﹔但是以消費用途為導向的電腦技術也逐漸主宰著電腦的研究與發展。勞倫斯柏克萊國家實驗室電腦科學實驗室副主任賽門說:「路跑者預告了接下來十年的發展。科技來自消費電子市場,創新是先從手機和嵌入式電子元件開始。」

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