Advantages of Practical Application of TeleCAD-GIS in Calculating Influence o...Maksim Sestic
This paper presents advantages influence calculation of high power lines on telecommunication lines which are integrated with TeleCAD-GIS. After drawing high power line and telecommunication line on the cadastral card, TeleCAD-GIS reads by itself all data that is requested about each selected line. This data is then put in the table needed for the influence calculation of high power lines on telecommunication lines. In that manner, we get much faster and more precise calculation…
El documento presenta una guía sobre el presupuesto público del Perú para 2014. El presupuesto asciende a 118.9 mil millones de soles, un incremento del 9.7% respecto a 2013. Aproximadamente el 40% de los recursos se destinarán a intervenciones sociales, seguridad ciudadana y defensa nacional, con un enfoque en educación, salud y protección social. El 63% del incremento presupuestal financiará reformas salariales en el sector público y reducción de brechas de infraestructura.
Randy Conrad worked professionally and was well prepared on the AAFES New POS Project over the past year. He added value by extracting important information from customer documents to help schedule training and deployment. Randy was resourceful and would find information quickly during meetings by researching. He was a team player who helped prepare HP tablets used for training and helped in areas outside his responsibilities. Arthur Smith recommends working with Randy again due to his technical skills, professionalism, and contributions to the project.
The document lists 4 songs and artists: "I feel like dancin'" by All Time Low, "Save it for the bedroom" by You Me At Six, "All the small things" by Blink-182, and "Teenagers" by My Chemical Romance.
The Sol Y Mar Sea Star hotel has 171 guest rooms and suites with views of the Red Sea or mountains. Each room is equipped with air conditioning, a telephone, TV, bathroom, mini bar, and safe. Hotel amenities include two pools, a health club, diving center, shops, internet, and dining options like a main restaurant and beach bar. The hotel offers activities such as tennis, volleyball, and gym access as well as daily entertainment programs. There is also a children's pool, playground, and babysitting services available.
Margie Colbeck has over 25 years of experience in the travel industry, including extensive experience in sales, customer service, business development, and training. She has worked for major companies like Cruises.com.au, Cruiseabout, and Qantas Airways in various roles, excelling in sales generation, account management, and developing new business opportunities. She has received numerous awards for her work in customer service, safety auditing, and training.
The Sol Y Mar Pioneers hotel has 102 guest rooms including 96 standard rooms and 6 junior suites, all equipped with air conditioning, phones, TV, and bathroom. Amenities include a swimming pool, shops, library, and 24-hour room service. The main restaurant and pool bar provide dining. Leisure activities consist of sports like table tennis and football along with a kids' playground. The hotel also offers conference facilities including a 120m2 room that can seat up to 100 people theater-style.
Advantages of Practical Application of TeleCAD-GIS in Calculating Influence o...Maksim Sestic
This paper presents advantages influence calculation of high power lines on telecommunication lines which are integrated with TeleCAD-GIS. After drawing high power line and telecommunication line on the cadastral card, TeleCAD-GIS reads by itself all data that is requested about each selected line. This data is then put in the table needed for the influence calculation of high power lines on telecommunication lines. In that manner, we get much faster and more precise calculation…
El documento presenta una guía sobre el presupuesto público del Perú para 2014. El presupuesto asciende a 118.9 mil millones de soles, un incremento del 9.7% respecto a 2013. Aproximadamente el 40% de los recursos se destinarán a intervenciones sociales, seguridad ciudadana y defensa nacional, con un enfoque en educación, salud y protección social. El 63% del incremento presupuestal financiará reformas salariales en el sector público y reducción de brechas de infraestructura.
Randy Conrad worked professionally and was well prepared on the AAFES New POS Project over the past year. He added value by extracting important information from customer documents to help schedule training and deployment. Randy was resourceful and would find information quickly during meetings by researching. He was a team player who helped prepare HP tablets used for training and helped in areas outside his responsibilities. Arthur Smith recommends working with Randy again due to his technical skills, professionalism, and contributions to the project.
The document lists 4 songs and artists: "I feel like dancin'" by All Time Low, "Save it for the bedroom" by You Me At Six, "All the small things" by Blink-182, and "Teenagers" by My Chemical Romance.
The Sol Y Mar Sea Star hotel has 171 guest rooms and suites with views of the Red Sea or mountains. Each room is equipped with air conditioning, a telephone, TV, bathroom, mini bar, and safe. Hotel amenities include two pools, a health club, diving center, shops, internet, and dining options like a main restaurant and beach bar. The hotel offers activities such as tennis, volleyball, and gym access as well as daily entertainment programs. There is also a children's pool, playground, and babysitting services available.
Margie Colbeck has over 25 years of experience in the travel industry, including extensive experience in sales, customer service, business development, and training. She has worked for major companies like Cruises.com.au, Cruiseabout, and Qantas Airways in various roles, excelling in sales generation, account management, and developing new business opportunities. She has received numerous awards for her work in customer service, safety auditing, and training.
The Sol Y Mar Pioneers hotel has 102 guest rooms including 96 standard rooms and 6 junior suites, all equipped with air conditioning, phones, TV, and bathroom. Amenities include a swimming pool, shops, library, and 24-hour room service. The main restaurant and pool bar provide dining. Leisure activities consist of sports like table tennis and football along with a kids' playground. The hotel also offers conference facilities including a 120m2 room that can seat up to 100 people theater-style.
Terry Addison has over 15 years of experience in information technology and customer service roles. He holds a Bachelor's Degree in Information and Computer Security from Davenport University and an Associate's Degree in Applied Science from Delta College. His professional experience includes roles as an FDA Submission Specialist, Technical Support Technician, Security Administrator, Solar Assembly Technician, Meter Reader, and Route Manager. Addison has strong communication skills and experience managing technical projects and customer issues.
BTO 2015 Side ONE | Mercoledì 2 dicembre
#3 Focus Hall
Sardegna Endless Island
14.20 : 15.10
www.buytourismonline.com
www.buytourismonline.com/eventi/8019/
Keynote Speaker
Francesco Morandi - Assessore del Turismo,
Artigianato e Commercio Regione Autonoma della Sardegna
Luigi Filippini - Presidente CRS4 Centro di ricerche, sviluppo e studi superiori della Sardegna
Nevina Satta - CEO
Fondazione SARDEGNA Film Commission
Vithavat Vonn is a second year student studying Hospitality Management and Business Administration in Switzerland, seeking an internship starting in October or January 2016. He has experience in banquet planning and operations from an internship at Hotel Europe Events, as well as experience in a la carte and buffet service from internships at One5 and Gate85 restaurants. Vithavat is fluent in English and Khmer, with elementary skills in French and Turkish, and has experience with graphic design, website development, and social media marketing. He refers to his academic advisors and internship supervisors for references.
Connecting Communities and Libraries: Participatory Learning and Libraries (...Buffy Hamilton
This document appears to be notes from a branch managers' meeting at the CPL library on April 3, 2013. The notes discuss forming communities of learning and participation at the library, framing work under the umbrella of participatory librarianship. Low barriers to participation and fluid roles are mentioned as important, as are communities formed around conversations and participation. Treating symptoms and diseases is brought up. The document concludes with contact information.
La actividad pide a los estudiantes que relacionen una imagen con una etapa del ciclo de vida y que ordenen las palabras "Nace", "Crece", "Reproduce" y "Muere" según la secuencia correcta del ciclo de vida.
CSIG SERRAINO MAGGIPINTO :: MILANO 2012 :: NORMA E TECNICA NELLA GESTIONE E V...Igor Serraino
La gestione delle informazioni e dei dati digitali è elemento imprescindibile per ogni operatore del mercato. Sicurezza e analisi dei rischi sono temi determinanti da affrontare con l’ausilio di moderne tecniche di project management, soprattutto per le aziende attente al rinnovamento e all’efficienza dei processi strategici, operativi e di supporto in ambito IT.
Il seminario, rivolto a professionisti e responsabili d’azienda che quotidianamente si confrontano con Internet e il mondo digitale, si propone di approfondire tematiche rilevanti e di condividere spunti di riflessione con chi intenda perseguire obiettivi di qualità nel pieno rispetto della normativa vigente, delle best practices di settore e degli standard ISO27001.
Capt. (R) Mohd Radzi bin Abdullah has over 30 years of experience in safety, health, and environmental management. He currently serves as the Senior Manager of HSE at WASCO COATINGS MALAYSIA SDN BHD, where he established and manages their HSE department and ensures compliance with legal requirements and ISO standards. Prior to this role, he held several HSE leadership positions and has extensive experience advising companies on regulatory compliance and risk management.
worksheets for oblique innovation modelsa-small-lab
a range of fill-in-the-gaps innovation and creativity diagrams, for generating weird offshoots of conventional models.
published as part of installation for stimulus terrain at MOTAT
http://a-small-lab.com/motat/
stimulus terrain for innovation processes is a space at the Idea Collective / Innovation Hub at the Museum of Transport and Technology (Auckland, New Zealand).
This is part of a "dynamic, evolving, collaborative project that celebrates New Zealand's vibrant innovation culture" by pairing five diverse New Zealand innovators with artists and designers to illuminate the activity of innovation, ideation, creation and collaboration.
Chris Mills Photography: Mobile Phone PortfolioChris Mills
Chris Mills is a mobile and Instagram photographer who specializes in photography. His Instagram handle is @CHRISMILLSPHOTOGRAPHY where he shares and promotes his photography work.
Terry Addison has over 15 years of experience in information technology and customer service roles. He holds a Bachelor's Degree in Information and Computer Security from Davenport University and an Associate's Degree in Applied Science from Delta College. His professional experience includes roles as an FDA Submission Specialist, Technical Support Technician, Security Administrator, Solar Assembly Technician, Meter Reader, and Route Manager. Addison has strong communication skills and experience managing technical projects and customer issues.
BTO 2015 Side ONE | Mercoledì 2 dicembre
#3 Focus Hall
Sardegna Endless Island
14.20 : 15.10
www.buytourismonline.com
www.buytourismonline.com/eventi/8019/
Keynote Speaker
Francesco Morandi - Assessore del Turismo,
Artigianato e Commercio Regione Autonoma della Sardegna
Luigi Filippini - Presidente CRS4 Centro di ricerche, sviluppo e studi superiori della Sardegna
Nevina Satta - CEO
Fondazione SARDEGNA Film Commission
Vithavat Vonn is a second year student studying Hospitality Management and Business Administration in Switzerland, seeking an internship starting in October or January 2016. He has experience in banquet planning and operations from an internship at Hotel Europe Events, as well as experience in a la carte and buffet service from internships at One5 and Gate85 restaurants. Vithavat is fluent in English and Khmer, with elementary skills in French and Turkish, and has experience with graphic design, website development, and social media marketing. He refers to his academic advisors and internship supervisors for references.
Connecting Communities and Libraries: Participatory Learning and Libraries (...Buffy Hamilton
This document appears to be notes from a branch managers' meeting at the CPL library on April 3, 2013. The notes discuss forming communities of learning and participation at the library, framing work under the umbrella of participatory librarianship. Low barriers to participation and fluid roles are mentioned as important, as are communities formed around conversations and participation. Treating symptoms and diseases is brought up. The document concludes with contact information.
La actividad pide a los estudiantes que relacionen una imagen con una etapa del ciclo de vida y que ordenen las palabras "Nace", "Crece", "Reproduce" y "Muere" según la secuencia correcta del ciclo de vida.
CSIG SERRAINO MAGGIPINTO :: MILANO 2012 :: NORMA E TECNICA NELLA GESTIONE E V...Igor Serraino
La gestione delle informazioni e dei dati digitali è elemento imprescindibile per ogni operatore del mercato. Sicurezza e analisi dei rischi sono temi determinanti da affrontare con l’ausilio di moderne tecniche di project management, soprattutto per le aziende attente al rinnovamento e all’efficienza dei processi strategici, operativi e di supporto in ambito IT.
Il seminario, rivolto a professionisti e responsabili d’azienda che quotidianamente si confrontano con Internet e il mondo digitale, si propone di approfondire tematiche rilevanti e di condividere spunti di riflessione con chi intenda perseguire obiettivi di qualità nel pieno rispetto della normativa vigente, delle best practices di settore e degli standard ISO27001.
Capt. (R) Mohd Radzi bin Abdullah has over 30 years of experience in safety, health, and environmental management. He currently serves as the Senior Manager of HSE at WASCO COATINGS MALAYSIA SDN BHD, where he established and manages their HSE department and ensures compliance with legal requirements and ISO standards. Prior to this role, he held several HSE leadership positions and has extensive experience advising companies on regulatory compliance and risk management.
worksheets for oblique innovation modelsa-small-lab
a range of fill-in-the-gaps innovation and creativity diagrams, for generating weird offshoots of conventional models.
published as part of installation for stimulus terrain at MOTAT
http://a-small-lab.com/motat/
stimulus terrain for innovation processes is a space at the Idea Collective / Innovation Hub at the Museum of Transport and Technology (Auckland, New Zealand).
This is part of a "dynamic, evolving, collaborative project that celebrates New Zealand's vibrant innovation culture" by pairing five diverse New Zealand innovators with artists and designers to illuminate the activity of innovation, ideation, creation and collaboration.
Chris Mills Photography: Mobile Phone PortfolioChris Mills
Chris Mills is a mobile and Instagram photographer who specializes in photography. His Instagram handle is @CHRISMILLSPHOTOGRAPHY where he shares and promotes his photography work.
1. MERENJE I OBRADA INTENZITETA
RADIO-TALASA U SREDNJE-TALASNOM
PODRUČJU
Marija ðorñević, Milan Ponjavić, Nenad Smiljanić
Sadržaj – Prostiranje radio-talasa zavisi uglavnom od
električnih parametara prostora na trasi duž koje se ispituje
intenzitet zaračenja. Na osnovu merenja intenziteta
elektromagnetskog polja srednje-talasnih radio stanica
odreñene su električne karakteristike kao sto je specifična
električna provodnostu (daljem tekstu provodnost-σσσσ) duž
karakterističnih trasa na severnom delu Srbije.
Za odreñivanje provodnosti su primenjeni programi koji su
adaptirani u Geomagnetskom zavodu a na osnovu
preporuka CCIR-a. Za odreñivanje provodnosti korišćena
su merenja intenziteta elektromagnetskog polja radio
stanica u ispitivanoj oblasti. Rezultati merenja duž trasa
korišćeni u radu sastoje se iz dve merne kampanje i to iz
perioda 1961. godine i 1991. godine. Analiza rezultata iz ove
dve kampanje ukazuje da se rezultati merenja iz 1961.
godine mogu koristiti gotovo ravnopravno sa novijim
merenjima u svrhu odreñivanja električnih karakteristika
prostora prostiranja radio-talasa. Na osnovu ovih rezultata
pokazano je da fond merenja od 1951. do 1961. godine
upotrebljiv za odreñivanje provodnosti.
Ključne reči — Elektromagnetsko polje, merenje, radio-
talasi.
I. UVOD
Izučavanje uslova prostiranja radio-talasa ima dugu
tradiciju kako u svetu tako i u našoj državi. U bivšoj
Jugoslaviji su ova izučavanja započela u Radio Institutu
“Nikola Tesla” kasnije nastavljena u Institutu “Mihailo
Pupin” da bi se početkom 70-tih godina prošlog veka
nastavila u Geomagnetskom Institutu (sada Geomagnetski
Zavod). U Geomagnetskom Zavodu se nalazi obimna
dokumentacija merenja i obrañenih rezultata od 1951.
godine do danas. U toku ovog perioda bilo je nekoliko
ekipa u pomenutim institucijama koje su na različite
načine obavljale terenska merenja intenziteta
elektromagnetskog polja srednje-talasnih radio predajnika
kao i odgovarajuća merenja u karatkotalasnom opsegu. U
okviru rada Geomagnetskog Zavoda u toku je
sistematizacija i formiranje baze podataka ovih ispitivanja.
Analizirajući dostupne podatke u štampanoj i digitalnoj
formi nametnula se ideja izrade projekta obrade i uporedne
analize celokupnog fonda podataka merenja. U ovom radu
su prikazani rezultati preliminarne obrade na
karakterističnim trasama u severnom delu Srbije. Obrañeni
su rezultati merenja intenziteta elektromagnetskog polja iz
1991. godine, mereni meračem polja Rhode&Schwarz tip
ESH2 i rezultati iz 1961. godine mereni sa meračem polja
Philips tip 9M 4010.
M. ðorñević, Elektrotehnički fakultet u Beogradu, Srbija.
M. Ponjavić, Elektrotehnički fakultet u Beogradu, Bulevar kralja
Aleksandra 73, 11120 Beograd, Srbija; (e-mail: Milan@el.etf.bg.ac.rs).
N. Smiljanić, Geomagnetski zavod, 11306 Grocka, Srbija; (e-mail:
smiljanic@beotel.net).
II. METODA MERENJA ELEKTROMAGNETSKOG
POLJA
Merenja u obe terenske kampanje su izvedena u
smislu merenja koja su neophodna za metodu atenuacije,
opisane u [1]), talasa duž trasa merenja. Merena je
vertikalna komponenta električnog polja Ev (u daljem
tekstu E) u dB ili mV/m. Metoda slabljenja (atenuacije)
podrazumeva da je predajnik vertikalni električni dipol pa
shodno tome je dominantna vertikalna komponenta
električnog polja ili vertikalna polarizacija
elektromagnetskog polja. Vertikalna polarizacija je
dominantna u MF frekventnom području. Takoñe su,
sredinom osamdesetih godina, rañena i eksperimentalna
merenja nagiba talasa koja nisu ušla u rutinsku praksu
zbog tehničkih nedostataka.
U terenskoj kampanji 1991. godine su merenja
izvedena i u bliskoj okolini predajnika tako da su ova
merenja u potpunosti ispunjavala uslove obrade prema
metodi koju su definisali Gregorač i Budin [2] u programu
koji je primenjen za obradu podataka. Merenja u terenskoj
kampanji 1961. godine je izveo Institut “Mihailo Pupin” a
pod rukovodstvom Ing. M. Maširevića. Rezultati merenja
su dati u [3] a ovde su prikazani samo rezultati za jednu
trasu od Beograda do Sente.
Uprošćeni model prostiranja elektromagnetskog talasa
prema [4], se može izraziti kao odnos stvarne prijemne
snage u konkretnom slučaju prostiranja i odgovarajuće
snage na prijemu u slučaju slobodnog prostora, na
odreñenom rastojanju od predajnika. Ovo se može izraziti
kao:
[ ]dBlog10
=
fs
r
P
P
F
Ukupno slabljenje signala je:
FAA fstot +=
Gde je fsA [dB] -slabljenje slobodnog prostora
a F [dB] - faktor prostiranja
Ovakvo stanovište uprošćava analizu slabljenja
prouzrokovang terenom, jer se ovaj efekat u potpunosti
izražava faktorom F i na taj način je odvojen od
slabljenja u slobodnom prostoru (naprimer atmosfera).
Stoga se dodatno slabljenje u odnosu na slabljenje u
slobodnom prostoru odvojeno sračunava i nakanadno
dodaje slabljenju u slobodnom prostoru, takoñe pojedinih
492
16. Telekomunikacioni forum TELFOR 2008 Srbija, Beograd, novembar 25.-27., 2008.
2. Sl. 1. Pozicije radio predajnika i trasa merenja
faktora prostiranja kao što su naprimer atmosfera ili
refleksija talasa.
Programi za obradu i interpretaciju rezultata
korišćeni u ovom radu su proizašli iz preporuka CCIR-a i
podrazumevaju posebno tretiranje rezultata merenja u
bliskoj zoni predajnika gde dominira snaga zračenja
jednog tipa i u udaljenoj zoni gde dominira snaga
zračenja drugog tipa. Druigim rečima, uticaj faktora F u
udaljenoj zoni dominira nad faktorom prostiranja u
slobodnom prostoru.
III. OBRADA I INTERPRETACIJA REZULTATA
Primer reazultata merenja je dat u Tabeli 1, gde su
prikazani rezultati merenja na trasi Beograd-Senta.
Pomenuti izveštaj [3] jedan od mnogobrojnih tehničkih
izveštaja merenja elektromagnetskog polja na teritoriji
bivše SFRJ obavljenih od 1951. godine do 1961. godine i
nalaze se u fondu Geomagnetskog zavoda. Na osnovu ovih
rezultata u nekoliko navrata su formirane baze podataka i
na osnovu nijh su rañene procene električne provodnosti
terena a rezultati prikazani u [5]. Rezultati merenja su
arhivirani u obliku datoteka pogodnih za obradu sa
raspoloživim programima. U Tabeli 1 pored mernih
podataka su dati i rezultati obrade .
Za svaku tačku merenja su odreñene koordinate u
državnom sistemu kao i radijalno udaljenje od predajnika.
Obrañene trase merenja su prikazane na slici 1. Obrada u
smislu odreñivanja efektivne snage predajnika je obavljana
sa programom EFSNAGA koji je varijanta programa iz [2]
a prilagoñena u Geomagnetskom zavodu. Ovaj program
odreñuje parametre kao što su efektivna ili izračena snaga
Pizr i provodnost u okolini preadajnika na osnovu merenja
u bliskoj zoni predajnika do 10 km. Primer izračunavanja
efektivne snage predajnika je dat na slici 2 gde se jasno
uočava da je teorijska kriva prostiranja gotovo istovetna sa
teorijskom krivom dobijenom iz programa za obradu i
interpretaciju WIRMIL. Program WIRMIL je adaptiran iz
[2] i omogućuje procenu oblasti sa različitim vrednostima
provodnosti duž trasa merenja elektromagnetskog polja.
Vrednosti provodnosti ovako dobijene su u stvari
takozvane efektivne provodnosti ili ekvivalentne
provodnosti terena duž trase. Lokalna ili stvarna
provodnost na tačci merenja se može razlikovati od
pomenute efektivna provodnosti. Ustvari efektivna
provodnost sadrži i komponentu slabljenja talasa koja
može nastati i zbog topografskih prepreka ili prepreka od
veštačkih objekata kao što su gradska naselja. Deo
slabljenja takoñe može biti prouzrokovan različitim
meteorološkim uslovima u niskoj atmosferi.
Tabela 1: Rezultati merenja i obrade elektromagnetskog polja za
radio stanicu Beograd, pravac Beograd-Senta.
RAS. INTENZ. EM POLJA
MER. TEOR. MER. TEOR.
u
Km mV/m mV/m dB dB
26 101.63 105.59 100.1 100.5
33 81.3 79.31 98.2 98
40 98.58 61.74 99.9 95.8
48.4 47.86 44.12 93.6 92.9
50 50.81 41.54 94.1 92.4
54 45.73 35.89 93.2 91.1
56 35.57 33.44 91 90.5
67 21.34 22.94 86.6 87.2
67 22.15 22.94 86.9 87.2
61.6 23 27.62 87.2 88.8
73 18.92 17.84 85.5 85
83.5 15.55 14.78 83.8 83.4
83.5 17.58 14.78 84.9 83.4
100 12.16 11.54 81.7 81.2
108 13.18 10.38 82.4 80.3
108 6.8 10.38 76.7 80.3
118 9.64 9.13 79.7 79.2
Rastojanje d(km)
E (dB)
σ (mS/m)
VREDNOSTI PROVODNOSTI
MERENE VREDNOSTI
TEORIJSKA KRIVA
TEOR. KRIVA EFF-SNAGA
PRAVAC: SOMBOR - ŠABAC
SNAGA PREDAJNIKA Pn=5-8kW, Pizr=8.84kW
FREKVENCIJA=666kHz, VISINA ANTENE 54m
KRIVE INTENZITETA ELEKTROMAGNETSKOG POLJA
σ1=22.87 mS/m
σ2=3.34mS/m
σ3=23.11mS/m
FRUŠKA GORA
Sl. 2. Krive intenziteta elektromagnetskog polja.
493
16. Telekomunikacioni forum TELFOR 2008 Srbija, Beograd, novembar 25.-27., 2008.
3. Na pravcu Sombor-Šabac (slika 2) jasno je
uočljiv uticaj oblasti planine Fruška Gora dok je na trasi
Obrenovac-Vršac verovatan uticaj grada Beograda i/ili
avalskog pobrña (slika 3).
Na slici 4 su dati rezultati za trasu Beograd-Senta koji
su prikazani i u Tabeli 1. Ovi rezultati su jedan primer
pomenutih merenja polja u 1961. godini a izabrani su u
ovom radu da se pokazao njhov kvalitet u odnosu na
novija merenja.
Bez obzira što ova merenja ne ispunjavaju uslov, da
su obavljana u bliskoj zoni, vidimo da se sa izvesnim
ograničenjma, mogu koristiti za procenu uslova prostiranja
elektomagnetskih talasa. Imajući na umu da su ovakvim
merenjima prekriveni prostori bivše SFRJ jasno je da su
ovo dragoceni rezultati. Rezultati merenja na ovoj trasi
nešto su lošijeg kavaliteta nego noviji što se vidi iz većeg
odstupanja merenih vrednosti od teorijske krive pa ih stoga
treba pažljivo analizirati prilikom korišćenja za procenu
uslova prostiranja.
Rastojanje d(km)
E (dB)
σ (mS/m)
VREDNOSTI PROVODNOSTI
MERENE VREDNOSTI
TEORIJSKA KRIVA
PRAVAC: OBRENOVAC - VRŠAC
SNAGA PREDAJNIKA Pn=1000kW, Pizr=599.5 kW
FREKVENCIJA=683 kHz, VISINA ANTENE : 102 m
KRIVE INTENZITETA ELEKTROMAGNETSKOG POLJA
σ1=22.1 mS/m
σ2=10.27 mS/m
σ3,σ4=4.23, 4.17 mS/m
Sl. 3. Krive intenziteta elektromagnetskog polja za Pravac
Obrenovac-Vršac, merenja iz 1991. godine
Na slikama su date vrednosti procenjene
provodnosti u mS/m na pojedinim segmentima trasa
merenja. Ove vrednosti su dobijene viešestrukom
promenom parametara prostiranja a uz uslov minimalnog
odstupanja merenih vrednosti od teorijskih krivih.
Nominalna snaga predajnika Pn je ulazni parametar
pri izračunavanju dok je stvarna izračena snaga predajnika
Pizr efektivna snaga procenjena na osnovu numeričkog
izračunavanja. Nominalna snaga ili snaga napajanja je
dobijena od tehničkih službi odgovarajućih predajnika.
Prilikom terenskih kampanja vodilo se računa da se na
pojedinoj trasi izvede merenje u što kraćem vremenskom
intervalu da bi se zadovoljio uslov jednake snage zračenja
u okviru merenja na trasi. Na velikim odstojanjima preko
200 km merenja su izvoñena u toku dnevnih časova da bi
se izbegle eventualne smetnje usled talasa reflektovanih od
niske jonosfere. U okviru obrañenih trasa nije izražena
topografija terena pa smatramo da su ulovi prostiranja
bliski preporukama CCIR-a za odreñivanje provodnosti
terena. Na brdovitom i planinskom delu obrañenih trasa u
oblasti Fruške Gore i Avale mogući su i efekti stvarne
promene provodnosti usled različitog pedološkog sastava
tla a nije isklučeno i slabljenje usled difrakcije od
topografskih prepreka.
Sl. 4. Krive intenziteta elektromagnetskog polja za
Pravac Beograd-Senta, merenja iz 1961. godine
IV. DISKUSIJA I ZAKLJUČAK
Ovde prikazani rezultati obrade to jest
numeričkih izračunavanja i procene provodnosti su samo
karakteristični primeri obimnog materijala dugogodišnjih
merenja intenziteta elektromagnetskog polja u srednje
talasnom radio opsegu. Vrednosti provodnosti terena duž
trasa dobijene u ovom radu su u okviru opsega koji se
očekuje za ove terene. Na trasi Obrenovac-Vršac je
verovatan i uticaj Deliblatske peščara na smanjenje
intenziteta elektromagnetskog polja a što daje procenu
provodnosti od oko 4 mS/m što su minimalne vrednosti za
Vojvodinu. Uticaj planine Fruška Gora je evidentan, mada
ostaje nejasno koliki je uticaj same topografske prepreka a
koliki provodnosti terena na ovom delu profila. Takoñe se
ovaj uticaj jasno uočava na obe trase merenja, na pravcu
Sombor-Šabac i na pravcu Beograd-Senta.
Pokazano je da su rezultati merenja polja iz perioda
pedesetih i šezdesetih godina prošlog veka značajni za
ispitivanja uslova prostiranja radio talasa. Može se takoñe
reći da procene provodnosti iz ovih rezultata mogu biti
polazna informacija za procenu uslova prostiranja u višim
opsezima učestanosti radio talasa HF/VHF/UHF pa i u
oblasti savremenih telekomunikacionih ureñaja. U skladu
sa ovim nameće se potreba za kompletiranjem baze
podataka na savremenom digitalnom nivou i daljoj
adaptaciji softvera za obradu i interpretaciju rezultata
merenja elektromagnetskog polja.
LTERATURA
[1] V.Lj. ðorñević i S.A. Kurkanović, “Metode mernja električne
provodnosti tla preporučene od strane CCIR-a na poslednjem
internom zasedanju u Ženevi,” Zbornik radova Geomagnetskog
instituta, Grocka-Beograd, 1981, pp. 31-40.
Rastojanje d(km)
σ (mS/m)
VREDNOSTI PROVODNOSTI
MERENE VREDNOSTI
TEORIJSKA KRIVA
PRAVAC: BEOGRAD - SENTA
SNAGA PREDAJNIKA Pn=150 kW, Pizr=118 kW
FREKVENCIJA=683 kHz, VISINA ANTENE 102 m
KRIVE INTENZITETA ELEKTROMAGNETSKOG POLJA
σ3=21.04 mS/mσ1=18.63 mS/m
σ2=7.3 mS/m
494
16. Telekomunikacioni forum TELFOR 2008 Srbija, Beograd, novembar 25.-27., 2008.
4. [2] L. Gregorač and J. Budin, “Calculation of the efficiency of an MR
transmitting aerial and of the average soil conducivity in its
immediate vicinity,” EBU Review—Technical, June, 1976, Vol.
157.
[3] M. Maširević, “Elektromagnetska polja radio-difuzije u godini
1961.,” Godišnji izveštaj, Institut “Mihailo Pupin”, Beograd,
1961.
[4] O. Wibling “Terrain Analysis with Radio Link Calculations for a
Map Presentation Program,” Uppsala Master’s Thesis, Uppsala
University, Uppsala, pp. 1-65, December 1998.
[5] T. Gavrilov, “Proučavanje prostiranja elektromagnetskih talasa,
utvrñivanje električnih parametara zemlje i izrada odgovarajućih
karata,” Fond Geomagnetskog Instituta, Beograd, 1976.
Abstract – The propagation of the radio-wave mainly
depends on the electrical characteristics along the
propagation path. On the basis of the measurements of the
electromagnetic field strenght of radio MF band, the
electrical parameter, as is the electrical conductivity, was
determined (in the further text conductivity -σ), along with
characteristic propagation paths in the Northern Serbia
region. Programs which were adapted in Geomagnetic
Institute and recommended by CCIR, were applied in the
determination of the conductivity. For the conductivity
determination, the measurements of electromagnetic field
strenght of radio stations were used. Results of two field
campaigns, in the years 1961 and 1991, along propagation
paths, were used. Analysis of the results for mentioned
field campaigns, point out that the erlier rezults from 1961
can be used as well as from the year 1991, in the
evaluation of the electrical characteristics and that data
base from 1951 till 1961 are useful for evaluation of the
conductivity.
THE MEASUREMENTS AND PROCESSING OF MF
BAND RADIO-WAVES FIELD STRENGH
Marija ðorñević, Milan Ponjavić i Nenad Smiljanić
495
16. Telekomunikacioni forum TELFOR 2008 Srbija, Beograd, novembar 25.-27., 2008.