05 bab4

1. Petinju secara rutin berlatih meningkatkan kecepatan pukulan dan berusaha mempersingkat interaksi dengan sasarannya. Petinju juga menggunakan A. Momentum Linear B. Tumbukan C. Jenis Tumbukan D. Tumbukan Lenting Sebagian pada Benda Jatuh Bebas E. Ayunan Balistik F. Gaya Dorong Roket 91 Momentum, Impuls, dan Tumbukan Hasil yang harus Anda capai: menganalisis gejala alam dan keteraturan dalam cakupan mekanika benda titik. Setelah mempelajari bab ini, Anda harus mampu: *8DA4;>4; A74 @8ABAFBA C8DF4A7A:4A FA=G 7 ,. ,A=G @8DGC44A E4?4; E4FG B?4;D4:4 J4A: 6GGC 7:8@4D +854:4 584? E44F 58DF4A7A: E8BD4A: C8FA=G @8?4F; CGG?4AAJ4 E864D4 F8D4FGD 74A AF8AE9 +8C8DF J4A: A74 ?;4F C474 :4@54D 7 4F4E E8BD4A: C8FA=G @8?4F; CGG?4AAJ4 C474 EG4FG E4E4D4A 78A:4A @8@44 E4DGA: FA=G *8FA=G58D?4F;E864D4AF8AE94:4DD89?8E74A868C4F4ACGG?4AE8@4A @8AA:4F +8@4A EA:4F AF8D4E CGG?4A 78A:4A E4E4D4A E8@4A 54 G4?F4E CGG?4A *8DA4;4; A74 58DCD @8A:4C4 C8FA=G ;4DGE @8A::GA44A E4DGA: FA=G C44; C8A:4DG; J4A: 7D4E44A C8FA=G 8F4 ?4I4AAJ4 @8@GG? 78A:4A E4DGA: FA=G '8A:4C4 C8FA=G 7FGAFGF @8@? CGG?4A E868C4F @GA:A *8DF4AJ44AC8DF4AJ44A F8DE85GF 74C4F A74 =4I45 =4 A74 74C4F @8@4;4@ E 545 A sarung tangan ketika bertinju. menunjukkan hubungan antara konsep impuls dan momentum untuk menyelesaikan masalah tumbukan. Sumber: www.savannah.com Bab 4

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3. C44;E8F4C58A74J4A:@8@?@B@8AFG@=G:4 $47G45G4;58A74@8@?8A8D:A8FE4@458E4D F8F4C@4EE4AJ458D587458A74@4A4J4A:@8@? @B@8AFG@?85;58E4D C4J4A:7@4EG778A:4AB89E8AD8EFFGE A. Momentum Linear +8F4C 58A74 J4A: 58D:8D4 78A:4A 868C4F4A F8DF8AFG 7C4EF4A @8@?@B@8AFG@ 8E4DAJ4@B@8AFG@E4A:4F58D:4AFGA:C474@4EE4 74A 868C4F4A 58A74 F8DE85GF 'B@8AFG@ J4A: 7@? EG4FG 58A74 474?4;;4E?C8D4?4A4AF4D4@4EE474A868C4F4A58A74C474E44FF8DF8AFG *8DE4@44A @B@8AFG@ EG4FG 58A74 J4A: 58D@4EE4 # 74A 58D:8D4 78A:4A 868C4F4A 1 E864D4 @4F8@4FE 7DG@GE4A E854:4 58DGF @8@?8A8D: Ingatlah 92 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XI ,#1 M

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5. :58D:8D458D?4I4A4A4D4;F8D;474C 58A7478A:4A868C4F4A@ E +8F8?4;58DFG@5G4A 868C4F4A5B?4@8A=47@ E 8D4C44;868C4F4A 4;D5B?4 Tes Kompetensi Awal Kecepatan yang berada pada kerangka satu-dimensi, penulisan notasi vektornya dapat diganti dengan notasi skalar.

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8. 474?4; 58AFG H8FBD )?8; 4D8A4 FG 4D4; @B@8AFG@ ?A84DAJ4 58D:4AFGA: C474 4D4; 2. Momentum Linear dan Impuls *8D;4F4A )- +85G4; @B5? 58D@4EE4 # F8D?8F4 C474 574A: 74F4D 58D:8D4 78A:4A 868C4F4A 1

9. 8@G74A 758D :4J4 F8F4C E8;A::4 868C4F4AAJ4 58DG54; @8A=47 1 E8?4@4 ) 4D GG@ ## (8IFBA 7C8DB?8; C8DE4@44A # M v2 v1 Sumber: Conceptual Physics,1998 Momentum, Impuls, dan Tumbukan 93 *474 :8D4 ?GDGE 7C8D68C4F 58D?4G 1 1

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15. %8F8D4A:4A @CG?E(E :4J4 ( ) E8?4A: I4FG E Gambar 4.1 Sebuah mobil yang mengalami percepatan sehingga kecepatannya berubah dari v1 menjadi v2. Tokoh Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976) Ia dilahirkan di Duisberg, Jerman. Ia mempelajari fisika teoritis di Munich, di tempat ini pun ia menjadi penggemar ski dan pendaki gunung. Hasil pemikirannya yang terkenal ialah prinsip ketidakpastian Heisenberg yang didasarkan pada konsep momentum, yaitu foton yang digunakan untuk mengamati posisi elektron memiliki momentum yang relatif sama. Oleh karena itu, ketika terjadi tumbukan antara foton dan elektron akan mengubah posisi elektron.

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32. E Ingatlah Ingatlah 94 Mudah dan Aktif Belajar Fisika untuk Kelas XI ( $47:4J4J4A:758D4A?4AF4(@8?4I4A4D4;:8D4=4FG;5B?4 h2 Tes Kompetensi Subbab A -'*($!()0'0(/%$*

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39. Sumber: Dokumentasi Penerbit vA vB vAB Momentum, Impuls, dan Tumbukan 95 sebelum tumbukan ketika tumbukan setelah tumbukan FA vA vB vA vB vA vB Gambar 4.2 Hukum Kekekalan Momentum Linear berlaku pada dua benda yang bertumbukan. %8D8F474A8D8F4E858?G@58DFG@5G4A@4EA:@4EA:@8@? @4EE4#74A#74A868C4F4A74A %87G48D8F4F8DE85GF58D474 C474E4FG574A:74F4D74A@8@?4D4;:8D4J4A:E4@4 $4868C4F4A 8D8F4 ?85; 58E4D 74DC474 868C4F4A 8D8F4 8D8F4 C474 E44F F8DF8AFG 44A @8A45D4 8D8F4 %8F4 8D8F4 @8A45D4 8D8F4 E8EG4 78A:4A GG@ ### (8IFBA 8D8F4 44A @8@58D4A :4J4 4E E858E4D 74A 8D8F4 44A @8@58D4A :4J4 D84E E858E4D 4:4@4A4 58E4D :4J4 D84E F8DE85GF C474 8D8F4 $4 GG@ %884?4A 'B@8AFG@ A84D 58D?4G C474 C8DEFI4 FG@5G4A 4AF4D4 8D8F4 74A 58E4D 87G4 :4J4 F8DE85GF 44A E4@4 58E4D 4A F8F4C 4D4; 87G4 :4J4 58D?4I4A4A 4D4; E8;A::4 E864D4 @4F8@4FE 74C4F 7FG?E4A E854:4 58DGF ,4I4? ,4;D ,4I4?,4I4? ,4;D , 4;D #1#1 #1#1 M

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91. @44 Ingatlah Momentum, Impuls, dan Tumbukan 97 ’ ’

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103. Tugas Anda 4.3 Jika Anda sedang menggunakan sepatu, cobalah tendang sebuah bola sepak. Kemudian, bukalah sepatu dan tendang kembali bola tersebut. Jika diasumsikan gaya yang Anda berikan selama menyentuh sama besar, selidikilah tendangan mana yang membuat bola terlempar jauh? Apa hubungan kejadian ini dengan konsep impuls? @ E @ E74A + + G45G4;58A74F8D?8F4C474E4FG574A:74AE8:4DE 8A74C8DF4@458D@4EE4#

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155. $47C474FG@5G4A?8AFA:E8@CGDA48A8D:A8FE858?G@74AE8EG74; FG@5G4A474?4;F8F4C Tantangan untuk Anda Berikut ini ukuran diameter, massa jenis, dan periode rotasi dari planet-planet. Dari data tersebut, berapakah momentum yang dimiliki setiap planet? Apakah ada hubungan antara momentum dan periode rotasi planet tersebut? Momentum, Impuls, dan Tumbukan 99 5 -AFGFG@5G4A?8AFA:E854:4A m1 = 8 kg m2 = 12 kg v1 v2 m1 m2 sebelum tumbukan v1' v2' m1 m2 setelah tumbukan 4DGG@%884?4A'B@8AFG@774C4F;4E?E8C8DF-.)* *474FG@5G4A?8AFA:E854:4A -.)*4@8A=47 @ EM

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200. Pembahasan Soal Perhatikan gambar berikut. Sebuah ayunan yang bandulnya bermassa M dinaikkan pada ketinggian H dan dilepaskan. Pada bagian terendah dari lintasannya, bandul membentur suatu balok bermassa m yang mula-mula diam di atas permukaan dataran yang licin. Jika setelah tumbukan kedua benda saling menempel, ketinggian h yang dapat dicapai keduanya adalah .... a. m m+M 2 H b. m m+M H c. M m+M 2 H d. M m+M H2 e. M m+M 2 H2 Soal UMPTN Tahun 2001 Pembahasan: Mv = (M + m)v' M 2gH = (M + m) 2gH M2 2gH = (M + m)2 2gh M2H m+M 2 = h = M m+M 2 H Jawaban: c Contoh 4.4

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231. @ E @ : @ E $47868C4F4AC8?GDGE858?G@@8A:8A454?B474?4;@ E Gaya dorong pada roket dihasilkan akibat semburan gas panas dengan kecepatan tinggi. Gas panas tersebut dihasilkan dari proses pembakaran hidrogen cair dan oksigen cair. Untuk mengatasi pengaruh gravitasi Bumi, roket memiliki percepatan 3 kali percepatan gravitasi Bumi. Oleh karena itu, gaya dorong yang harus diberikan oleh roket harus lebih dari 3 × 107 N. Rocket propulsion is produced by hot gas expelled from the rear of the rocket at high velocity. The hot gas made from burning of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen. To abandon the earth’s gravitational force, rocket have to get acceleration three times faster than earth’s gravitational acceleration. So, rocket propulsion should be more 3 × 107 N. 7?8C4E C474 E44F J4A: 58DE4@44A 74A 87G4AJ4 58DFG@5G4A E864D4 8?4EFE E8@CGDA4 FGA:?4; 8A44A87G45B?4F8DE85GFE8F8?4;FG@5G4A +85G4; 58A74 F8D:4AFGA: C474 E8GF4E F4? J4A: C4A=4A:AJ4 6@ 8A74 F8DE85GF 7FG@5G B?8; 58A74?4AJ4A:@4EE4AJ44?@4EE458A74E8@G?4 $4FG@5G4AAJ48?4EFEE854:4A78A:4AA?4 58D4C44; 868C4F4A 58A74 J4A: @8AG@5G 4:4D 58A74J4A:F8D:4AFGA:F8DE85GF@8A64C4FFF8DFA:: 74D?AF4E4AAJ4 Tes Kompetensi Subbab E -'*($!()0'0(/%$*

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